Английский язык. Тесты для историков

However, it was of course as a (6) ... that he became famous. His best work was based on the (7) ... of southern American society with its pretence of well-mannered and (8) ... behaviuor. His most famous (9) ... include “ A Street Car Named Desire” and “ Cat on a Hot Tin Roof”. Both display a (10)

... of social awareness and emotional tension. Many (11) ... films have been made, based on his plays.

CHILD	1
EAST	2
PURSUE	3
YOUNG	4
OCCUPY	5
DRAMA	6
LIVE	7
ELEGANCE	8
ACHIEVE	9
COMBINE	10
SUCCESS	11

Task 3. A. Below are some notes about the Tower of London. They are mixed up. Arrange the notes into three topic areas given below:

1.We are now about to enter the “Bloody Tower”.

2.We are now entering the “Jewel House”.

3.We are now entering the Chapel of St. John.

4.It is called the Bloody Tower because of the deaths of two young princes.

5.The chapel is one of the most beautiful buildings in England.

6.The princes were the sons of Edward IV, who died in 1483.

7.The royal crowns and other treasures are on display here.

8.They were kept in here by their uncle Richard, Duke of Gloucester.

9.Richard later became a king.

10.The chapel dates from 1080.

11.The greatest treasure is the Imperial State Crown.

12.The chapel contains a perfect barrel vault.

13.This is worn by the monarch on major state occasions.

14.He is thought to have murdered the princes.

15.The vault is built of Caen stone.

16.The bodies were never found.

17.The vault is extremely well preserved.

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18.The crown is encrusted with 2,800 diamonds.

19.The crown is set with several historic gemstones.

B. Now use the notes to write a guide’s commentary for the three areas of the Tower of London.

“The Bloody Tower”

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

The Jewel House

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

The Chapel of St. John

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Task 4. Insert the prepositions where necessary:

Alfred Nobel

Alfred Nobel, who instituted the prizes, was a nineteenth-century Swedish inventor. When Alfred was 9 years old, his family moved 1) ... Russia, where his father was employed to develop and manufacture expolsives. Some years later, Russia became engaged 2) ... the Crimean War 3) ... Britain and France, and explosives were 4) ... high demand, but the end of the war led 5) ... a decline 6) ... the family fortunes and Nobel returned 7) ... Sweden.

There, in 1865, he set 8) ... a factory to manufacture nitrogycerine, a recently discovered, very powerful liquid explosive. It required extremely careful handling to prevent premature detonation, but accidents inevitably happened. Not only did Alfred’s customers occasionaly blow themselves 9) ...

but his own factory eventually blew 10) ... as well, killing his brother. The

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Swedish government refused to allow the factory to be rebuilt and Nobel became regarded as a mad scientist who manufactured destruction.

But one day 11) ... 1866 Nobel invented the substance that was perfectly safe to handle. He patented it. The dynamite made a vast fortune 12) ... him.

13) ... Nobel made his fortune 14) ...supplying explosives 15) ... the world’s armies, he always expressed the ideal hope that his products would be used only 16) ... peaceful purposes.

When Nobel died 17) ... 1896, he left 18) ... two million pounds 19) ...his will 20) ... the establishment of the annual prizes ( equivalent to over 100 million pounds 21) ... today’s money). The will was contested 22) ... members of his family but eventually, 23) ...considerable legal argument, the first prizes were awarded in 1901.

The prepositions to be inserted: to, in, up, against, by, although, about, after.

Task 5. Open the brackets using the right Tense Form in Active or Passive Voice:

Albert Einstien

Albert Einstein (1. (to be born) in Ulm, southern Germany, in 1879. Although he (2. to be) one of the most famous physicits who ever (3. to live), it may give you some hope to know that he (4. not to do) very well at school. He only (5. to seem) interested in mathematics and (6. not to work) at anything else. It (7. to reported) that one of his frustrated teachers (8. to remark): “Einstein, you (9. never to amount) to anything “.

After leaving school prematurely, Einstein (10. to manage) to get into a college in Switzerland – but with difficulty, because he only (11. to have) the necessary qualifications in mathematics. He (12. not to enjoy) the experience and, as at school, he (13. to be interested) only in theoretical physics and vertually (14. to ignore) everything else. With the help of a friend’s lecture notes, he (15. to scrape) through his final exams and, with the help of the father of the same friend, he (16. to find) a job as a junior official at the Patent Office in Bern. The job (17. not to require) too much brain power ( for example, I (18. to tell) that while he (19. to be) in Bern, Einstein (20. to sign) the patent for Toblerone chocolate) and (21. to leave) him with sufficient time to pursue his interest in mathematical physics. Four years later, in 1905, he (22. to have) what (23. may) be called a “purple patch” – a period of great inspiration and productivity. He (24. to publish) papers on three different topics that (25. to be) of major importance and which (26. to change) the face of physics.

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Task 6. Complete the text about the basketball player, Michael Jordan, by changing the words in bold at the of each line into a noun:

Michael Jordan’s recent (1 ...) to retire from	DECIDE
basketball to take up a career in baseball is a (2 ...)	TRAGIC
for the sport. Considered the best (3 ...) of all the	PLAY
time, Jordan helped win the college (4 ...) in 1983,	CHAMPION
at the age of 20. His impressive medal (5 ...) in-	COLLECT
cludes two Olympic golds. His (6 ...) as a top scor-	SUCCEED
er and arch- (7 ...) is legendary. Taking every	COMPETE
(8 ...) that presents itself he has the seeming	OPPORTUNE
(9 ...) to fly and win the ball from opponents 30 cm	ABLE
more in (10 ...). For this he earned his nickname	HIGH
Air Jordan. His personal (11 ...) is immense and	WEALTHY
his (12 ...) at not winning the league title a thing	DISAPPOINT
of the past. Perhaps (13 ...) made him quit after	BORED
leading the Chicago Bulls to three successive vic-
tories.

TEST ON READING

I. You are going to read a text about the great drivers of Formula One motor racing. Choose from A–H the sentences or paragraph which fits each gap (1–6).There is one extra letter which you do not need to use. There is an extra example at the beginning. Translate the first two passages into Russian:

A.This cannot be good for the sport as a whole as it can lead to boredom. In the earlier days races seemed to be as much to do with the driver as the machine.

B.Fangio’s record of five championship titles were driving for Alfa Romeo, Mercedes and Maserati, Lancia and Ferrari!

C.By contrast, a driver like the young German Michael Schumacher fights the car round the corner.

D.Before his death at 32 he had won three championships and could have looked forward to another, say, six years of competition.

E.There are four who deserve special consideration.

F.It was undoubtedly the wise choice.

G.Victory seems less to do with the talents of the driver.

H.There were few second chances.

Even though Formula One motor racing has only existed since 1950, it is difficult to make a decision about who is the best driver of all. (0–E) They are

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the Argentine Juan Fangio who dominated the competition in the 1950s, Britain’s Jim Clark who died after winning two world championships, and from the mid 80s France’s Alain Prost and the Brazilian Ayrton Senna.

If judgement depended on the number of grand prix wins there would be no contest. Alain Prost scored 51 before his retirement, followed by Ayrton Senna who had 41 to his credit before his tragic death. Even the great Fangio, who won five championships, “only” had 24 victories. Britain’s Nigel Mansell won nine times in the 1992 championships. In terms of technical ability too, Prost deserves our admiration. His cool controlled driving and clean lines were the basis of his success. (1- ...)

A factor that does not make our choice harder is the role of the car in all this. There is a feeling that it is the car that is the real star. (2- ...) Over the years the fortunes of different constructors have changed. Ferrari and McLaren have won the constructors’ championship nine times. The past fifteen years or so it seems to have been dominated by the McLaren and Williams teams. (3- ...)

Prost’s decision to quit meant he had to forego the opportunity to equal the Argentine master’s record. (4- ...) Others have been less wise and Formula One is no stranger to trategy. The Austrian Jochen Rindt was awarded the 1970s title championship posthumously after being killed at Monza. Jim Clark (who some maintain was the greatest of them all) met his end at Hockenheim at the height of his carreer when he was just 32. Niki Lauda survived a horrifying crash yet returned to win a second title.

It is certainly true that the risks drivers took in the old days were much higher. (5- ...) Nowadays drivers are cocooned in special cockpits and encased in fireproof clothing and sophisticated helmets which mean they can often walk away from the wreckage of a devastated vehicle. Compare this with Fangio who drove in his shirt sleeves with no more than a leather helmet for protection. Englishman Graham Hill – Damon Hill’s father – even wore a bow tie. Despite the tragic loss of Senna it is true to say that racing has become a lot safer in recent days.

Yet if we base our final judgement on passion and commitment we must return to Senna. He admired that winning was like a drug. Before a Formula One carreer he already had a collection of trophies beginning with those he won as a boy in his karting carreer. Despite his enormous personal wealth he remained consumed by his thirst for success on the track. Sometimes the risks he took caused great anger among fellow competitors – notably his arch-rival Prost’s retirement he had seemed the most likely to break Fangio’s long standing record. (6- ...) Fangio had not begun until he was an “old man” of 38 and continued for eight years. In his case we might ask ourselves what he might have achieved had he started earlier.

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II. For questions 1–15, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. Write your word in the answer boxes provided:

Maps

Throughout the history of mankind, people (0) … explored the world around them. We know that explorers from several ancient civilizations travelled throughout most (1) … Europe and Africa. These ancient explorers journeyed mainly (2) … they wanted to trade or to expand their empires; however, as they travelled to unfamiliar areas, they added to (3) … was known about those places. As a further result, they grew more skilled (4) … producing maps. Early maps were simply rough drawings that showed distance and direction, (5) … as travel became more common, maps became (6) … accurate and detailed. The ancient Greeks were probably (7) … first people in the western world to study geography in a systematic way. They tried to explain (8) … the geographic characteristics of a place played a (9) … in the activities of its inhabitants, and they made maps of their own seacoast, as (10) … as sailing throughout the Mediterranean Sea. The Romans, too, added to the study of geography during the military campaigns they carried (11) … all through the known world. Unfortunately, a (12) … of this knowledge was later lost, and until the 15th century not many Europeans knew very much (13) … the world around them. Maps of that period showed huge unknown areas decorated with drawings of dragons and other imaginary creatures. After the 15th century, (14) … , the Spanish, Portugese, Dutch, English and French all began to explore unfamiliar lands. Their voyages resulted (15) … an explosion of new information and explorers started to map many new parts of the world.

0	Have
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

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Final Tests

LEXICAL-GRAMMAR TEST 1

Task 1. Give the English equivalents of the following words and phrase:

1. новая история; 2. история древнего мира; 3. средние века; 4. ход событий; 5. надписи на камне; 6. летописи; 7. государственность; 8. убеждение; 9. порабощать; 10. предвидеть; 11. провозглашать; 12. унижение; 13. возрождать; 14. принимать во внимание; 15. пасть, рухнуть; 16. нарушать закон; 17. отступать; 18. с точки зрения; 19. декрет, указ; 20. поклоняться, почитать.

Task 2. Match the words in column A with their definitions in column B:

	A		B
1)	to coincide	a)	to rob (people) especially during war or civil disaster
2)	eternity	b)	happen at the same time
3)	to plunder	c)	time without end; the future life; period of time that
			seems endless

Task 3. Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space:

(1) ____ to tradition, the first American Thanksgiving was (2) _____ in 1621 by the English Pilgrims who had founded the Plymouth Colony. The Pilgrims marked the (3) ____ by (4) ____ with their Native American guests who brought gifts of food as a gesture of goodwill. Although this event was an important part of American colonial history, there is no (5) ____ that any of the (6) ____ thought of the feast as a thanksgiving celebration. Two years later, during a period of drought, a day of fasting and prayer was changed to one of thanksgiving because rains came during the prayers. (7) ____ the custom (8) ____ among. New Englanders to (9) ____ celebrate Thanksgiving

after the harvest.
1.	A.	Accordingly	C.	According
	B.	Accordance	D.	Accordant
2.	A.	celebrating	C.	celebration
	B.	celebrated	D.	celebrate
3.	A.	occasion	C.	occasionally
	B.	occasional	D.	occasionalism

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4.	A.	feast	C.	festivity
	B.	feasted	D.	feasting
5.	A.	evident	C.	evidence
	B.	evidently	D.	evidenced
6.	A.	participate	C.	participants
	B.	participating	D.	participated
7.	A.	Grade	C.	Graded
	B.	Gradually	D.	Gradual
8.	A.	prevailed	C.	prevailing
	B.	prevalence	D.	prevalent
9.	A.	annual	C.	annualize
	B.	annum	D.	annually

Task 4. Read the text below and decide which word (A, B, C or D) best fits each space:

The Seven Wonders of the

Ancient World

Only one of the seven wonders of the ancient world (1) ____ exists. This is hardly (2) ____, as it is probably the most dramatic and indestructible. The Egyptian Pyramids were (3) ____ between 2550 BC and 2480 BC as royal burial places. They (4) ____ on the West bank of the Nile. However, the last century of human civilization has had a terrible (5) ____ on them, as pollution is decaying the stone. All of the (6) ____ six wonders have been completely (7) ____ by war or natural disasters. For example, the Colossus of Rhodes (8) ____ during an earthquake just 200 years after it was put up at the end of the 4th century. The statue was (9) ____ by scrap metal merchants in 654 AD. The Mausoleum in Haricarnassus survived (10) ____. It (11) ____ 19 centuries, but the white marble tomb was broken up and used for building (12) ____ by the crusaders in 1522. The statue of Zeus at Olympia is now (13) ____, but the temple in which it was housed still stands. In recent years people have (14) ____

to compile lists containing the seven wonders of the (15) ____ world. However nobody seems to (16) ____ to agree on what it should include.

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1.	A.	always	C.	again
	B.	still	D.	yet
2.	A.	amazing	C.	interesting
3.	B.	shocking	D.	surprising
	A.	done	C.	formed
	B.	put	D.	built
4.	A.	stay	C.	exist
	B.	stand	D.	situate
5.	A.	nuisance	C.	trouble
	B.	effect	D.	affect
6.	A.	another	C.	other
	B.	left	D.	rest
7.	A.	broken	C.	wasted
	B.	destroyed	D.	damaged
8.	A.	pulled down	C.	put down
	B.	fell down	D.	got down
9.	A.	removed	C.	received
	B.	disposed	D.	transferred
10.	A.	farther	C.	further
	B.	later	D.	longer
11.	A.	lasted	C.	held
	B.	kept	D.	continued
12.	A.	purpose	C.	substance
	B.	reason	D.	material
13.	A.	missed	C.	disappeared
	B.	lost	D.	away
14.	A.	engaged	C.	tried
	B.	worked on	D.	tempted
15.	A.	fresh	C.	modern
	B.	latest	D.	current
16.	A.	able	C.	possible
	B.	capable	D.	probable

Task 5. Sentences are complete, but there is one mistake in A, B, C or D in each sentence. Identify one word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct:

1.The (A) Pyramids of Egypt, built at Giza during the 4th Dynasty are the oldest of (B) Seven Wonders of the World and the only ones (C) remaining intactly (D) today.

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2.The city is noted chiefly by (A) hot mineral springs, which were known

(B)in the time of the Roman Empire (C); remains of Roman baths have been discovered (D) here.

3.The Chinese (A) possessed the wealth and the skills that would enable (B) them to explore (C) but they had little (D) interest in the world outside of China.

4.Bacon wrote letters of a sound advice (A) to Elizabeth I, Queen of England, but his suggestions were never implemented (B), and he completely lost favour with (C) the Queen in 1953, when he opposed a bill for a royal subsidy (D).

Task 6. Complete the sentences below using the correct alternative form those marked A, B, C or D:

1.The story of the magnificent ____ castle the guide told us about was exciting.

A.five-centuries-old;

B.five-century’s old;

C.five-century old;

D.five-century old’s.

2.By ____ late 18th and ____ Captain Cook’s exploration of ____ southern Pacific, much of ____ world had been mapped.

A.the, the, the, the;

B.–, –, –, the;

C.the, –, the, the;

D.the, –, –, –.

3.In 1722 several thousand Polynesians inhabited the island, but ____ diseases and raids by slave traders reduced ____ number to fewer than 200 by ____ late 19th century.

A.the, the, –;

B.the, a, the;

C.–, the, –;

D.–, the, the.

4.____ Magna Carta was signed in 1512 by ____ King John of England.

A.–, a;

B.the, an;

C.the, –;

D.the, the.

5.It refers to the ways ancient Greeks spoke, worshipped, understood the nature of the physical world ____, organized their governments, made ____

livings, entertained ____, and related to ____ who were not Greek.

A.themselves, them, themselves, the others;

B.itself, their, itself, others;

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