microbiology_konspekt_lysak_2008

ɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɭɦɚɪɚɬɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɦ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɹɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɚɧɚɷɪɨɛɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ.

ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɭɦɚɪɚɬɚ ɜ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɭɤɰɢɧɚɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɜ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ, ɚ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɭɤɰɢɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɦɢ. Ʉ ɧɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɪɨɞɨɜ Bacteroides, Fibrobacter, Wolinella. ȼɫɟ ɨɧɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɢɤɪɨ-

ɚɷɪɨɮɢɥɚɦɢ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦɢ ɤ ɚɷɪɨɛɧɨɦɭ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ, ɧɨ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ Ɉ2 ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ – ɮɭɦɚɪɚɬ.

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɫɭɤɰɢɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ, ɤ ɮɭɦɚɪɚɬɧɨɦɭ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɯɟɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɨɬɪɨɮɵ, ɧɨ ɢɯ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦ ɧɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜ ɹɧɬɚɪɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. Ʉ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɷɧɬɟɪɨɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ (ɪɨɞɵ Escherichia, Proteus,

Salmonella, Klebsiella ɢ ɞɪ.), ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɨɞɚ Propionibacterium. ȼɫɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɨɞɵ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɸ ɜ ɚɧɚɷɪɨɛɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɨɤɢɫɥɵɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɷɬɚɩ ɮɭɦɚɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɭɦɚɪɚɬɚ ɤ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɪɨɫɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ȺɌɎ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɮɭɦɚɪɚɬɚ.

6.1.3. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ

ɉɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɭɬɢ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɟ – ɷɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ȺɌɎ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɚɧɚɷɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɯ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɢ ɞɨɧɨɪɚɦɢ, ɢ ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɨɜ.

ɉɪɢ ɫɛɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ (ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɫɦɟɫɢ) ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ, ɤɚɤ ɷɬɚɧɨɥ, ɦɨɥɨɱɧɚɹ, ɦɭɪɚɜɶɢɧɚɹ, ɹɧɬɚɪɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɚɰɟɬɨɧ, ɋɈ2, ɇ2 ɢ ɞɪ. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɢɥɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦɢ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɨɟ, ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɟ, ɦɭɪɚɜɶɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɟ, ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɟ, ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɨɤɢɫɥɨɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ.

ɋɩɢɪɬɨɜɨɟ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɟ

148

Ʉɚɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨ ɝɥɢɤɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɭɬɢ ɞɨ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɩɢɪɨɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɟ ɞɟɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɢɪɭɜɚɬɞɟɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɚɡɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɬɢɚɦɢɧɩɢɪɨɮɨɫɮɚɬɚ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɚɰɟɬɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞ ɢ ɋɈ2. Ⱥɰɟɬɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɦ ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɚɡɵ ɨɧ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɷɬɚɧɨɥɚ (ɪɢɫ. 44).

ȽɅɘɄɈɁȺ

Ƚɥɢɤɨɥɢɡ

2ȺɌɎ + 2ɉɢɪɭɜɚɬ + 2ɇȺȾ ·ɇ2

ɉɢɪɭɜɚɬɞɟɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɚɡɚ

2ɋɈ2 2Ⱥɰɟɬɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞ

Ⱥɥɤɨɝɨɥɶɞɟɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɚɡɚ

2ɗɬɚɧɨɥ

Ɋɢɫ. 44. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ

ɋɭɦɦɚɪɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟɦ:

C6 H12O6 + 2Ɏɧ + 2ȺȾɎ2CH3CH2OH + 2CO2 + 2ȺɌɎ + 2H2O

ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɞɜɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ȺɌɎ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɭ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɭ ɤɚɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ.

Ɍɢɩɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɫɩɢɪɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨ-

ɪɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɞɪɨɠɠɟɣ (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, S. uvarum, Schizosaccharomyces pombe ɢ ɞɪ.) ɢ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ (Erwinia amylovora, Sarcina ventriculi, Zymomonas mobilis). Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɷɬɚɧɨɥ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɦɟɡɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɚɤ-

ɬɟɪɢɢ, ɤɚɤ Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactococcus lactis, Clostridium sporogenes, Spirochaeta aurantia, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɟɪɦɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus, Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum, C. thermocellum.

ɋɩɢɪɬɨɜɨɟ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɪɬɚ, ɜɢɧɚ, ɩɢɜɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɯɥɟɛɨɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɫɩɢɪɬ, ɚ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɵɣ ɝɚɡ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɵɯɥɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɞɴɟɦ ɬɟɫɬɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɡɚɩɚɯ.

Ɇɚɫɥɹɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɟ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɟ

149

Ɇɚɫɥɹɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɟ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɷɪɨɛɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɢɝɚɬɧɨ-ɚɧɚɷɪɨɛɧɵɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɪɨɞɚ Clostridium. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɟɝɨ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɫɛɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɝɥɢɤɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɭɬɢ ɞɨ ɩɢɪɨɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɰɟɬɢɥ-ɄɨȺ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ – ɦɚɫɥɹɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɚɰɟɬɢɥ-ɄɨȺ. ɉɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɚɰɟɬɢɥ-ɄɨȺ ɜ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɭɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɨ ɫ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɨɧɨɪɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɇȺȾ · ɇ2, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɝɥɢɤɨɥɢɡɚ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɚɰɟɬɢɥ-ɄɨȺ, ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɹ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɨɫɮɚɬ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɹɫɶ ɜ ɚɰɟɬɢɥɮɨɫɮɚɬ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɜ ɚɰɟɬɚɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɨɦ ȺɌɎ ɩɪɢ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɧɨɦ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ. ɗɬɨ ɬɪɟɬɶɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚ ȺɌɎ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɦ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɢ (ɞɜɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ȺɌɎ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɩɨ ɝɥɢɤɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɭɬɢ) (ɪɢɫ. 45).

ȽɅɘɄɈɁȺ

			Ƚɥɢɤɨɥɢɡ
2ȺɌɎ	+	2ɉɢɪɭɜɚɬ	+	2ɇȺȾ · ɇ2
	2ɄɨȺ-SH		2ɋɈ2
		Ⱥɰɟɬɢɥ-ɄɨȺ
Ɏɨɫɮɨɬɪɚɧɫɚɰɟ-			Ⱥɰɟɬɢɥ-ɄɨȺ
		Ɏɧ	ɄɨȺ-SH
ɬɢɥɚɡɚ		Ɍɢɨɥɚɡɚ
Ⱥɰɟɬɢɥɮɨɫɮɚɬ		Ⱥɰɟɬɨɚɰɟɬɢɥ-ɄɨȺ		ȕ-Ɉɤɫɢɛɭɬɢɪɢɥ-
ȺȾɎ			ɇȺȾ+
Ⱥɰɟɬɚɬɤɢɧɚɡɚ				ɄɨȺ-ɞɟɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɚɡɚ
ȺɌɎ		ȕ-Ɉɤɫɢɛɭɬɢɪɢɥ-ɄɨȺ
Ⱥɰɟɬɚɬ			ɇ2Ɉ	Ʉɪɨɬɨɧɚɡɚ
		Ʉɪɨɬɨɧɢɥ-ɄɨȺ
			ɇȺȾ+ Ȼɭɬɢɪɢɥ-ɄɨȺ-
		Ȼɭɬɢɪɢɥ-ɄɨȺ		ɞɟɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɚɡɚ
		Ɇɚɫɥɹɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ		ɄɨȺ-ɬɪɚɧɫɮɟɪɚɡɚ

Ɋɢɫ. 45. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɨ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɥɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɬɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɨɞɧɨɝɨ – ɨɤɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɜɟ-

150

ɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɤ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ ɚɰɟɬɚɬɚ ɢ ȺɌɎ, ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ – ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ – ɚɤɰɟɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɝɥɢɤɨɥɢɡɚ. Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɛɨɢɦɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ (ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɫɬɚɞɢɹ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɢ ɞɪ.). Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɭ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɭ ɫɛɪɚɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɜ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɦ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ 3,3 ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ȺɌɎ. ɗɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɬ. ɟ. ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

Ɇɚɫɥɹɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɟ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɩɚɪɮɸɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɤɚɪɬɨɮɟɥɶ, ɡɟɪɧɨ, ɦɟɥɚɫɫɭ (ɨɬɯɨɞɵ ɫɚɯɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ). Ɇɚɫɥɹɧɨɤɢɫɥɵɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɸɬ ɜɪɟɞ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɹ ɩɨɪɱɭ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ – ɩɪɨɝɨɪɤɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɥɚ, ɫɦɟɬɚɧɵ, ɤɜɚɲɟɧɵɯ ɨɜɨɳɟɣ, ɫɢɥɨɫɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɪɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ – ɩɨɪɱɭ ɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɢɛɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɹɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ.

Ɇɨɥɨɱɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɟ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɟ

Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɞɜɚ ɬɢɩɚ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ: ɝɨɦɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɢ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ. ɉɪɢ ɝɨɦɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɦ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɞɧɚ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ (§ 90 % ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ). Ʉɚɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨ ɝɥɢɤɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɭɬɢ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɢɪɨɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɚ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɥɚɤɬɚɬɞɟɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɚɡɵ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ. Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɵɦ ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɢɪɨɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ (ɪɢɫ. 46).

2ȺȾɎ 2ȺɌɎ

Ƚɥɢɤɨɥɢɡ

Ƚɥɸɤɨɡɚ

2ɇȺȾ+	2ɇȺȾ · ɇ2	2ɉɢɪɭɜɚɬ

2Ʌɚɤɬɚɬ

Ɋɢɫ. 46. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɝɨɦɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ

Ƚɨɦɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɟ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɞɟɬ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɦɭ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ:

ɋ6ɇ12Ɉ6 + 2ȺȾɎ + 2Ɏɧ 2ɋɇ3 – ɋɇɈɇ – ɋɈɈɇ + 2ȺɌɎ.

151

ȼɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɝɨɦɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɹɜ-

ɥɹɸɬɫɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ Streptococcus cremoris, S. lactis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, L. lactis ɢ ɞɪ.

Ƚɟɬɟɪɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɟ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ: ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɷɬɢɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɪɬɚ, ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɢ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɬɢɩɟ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨ ɩɟɧɬɨɡɨɮɨɫɮɚɬɧɨɦɭ ɩɭɬɢ. Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɵɦɢ ɚɤɰɟɩɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɢɪɨɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɢ ɚɰɟɬɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞ. ȼɨɡɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɛɪɨɠɟ-

ɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɜɢɞɨɜ Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus brevis ɢ ɞɪ.

Ɇɨɥɨɱɧɨɤɢɫɥɵɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɯ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɦɨɥɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ, ɫɵɪɨɤɨɩɱɟɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɛɚɫ, ɤɜɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɜɨɳɟɣ

ɢɮɪɭɤɬɨɜ, ɜ ɯɥɟɛɨɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ, ɞɥɹ ɫɢɥɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɪɦɨɜ, ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɤɢ ɤɨɠ ɢ ɬ. ɩ. Ɉɧɢ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɥɨɪɵ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ

ɢɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵ.

ɉɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɨɤɢɫɥɨɟ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɟ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɨɤɢɫɥɨɦ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɢ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɧɟɟ, ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɭɤɫɭɫɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɢ ɋɈ2. ɉɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɨɤɢɫɥɵɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɹɸɬ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɝɥɢɤɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɭɬɢ ɞɨ ɩɢɪɨɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɦ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɭɤɫɭɫɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɋɈ2:

1,5Ƚɥɸɤɨɡɚ 2ɉɪɨɩɢɨɧɚɬ + ɋɈ2 + Ⱥɰɟɬɚɬ

ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɨɤɢɫɥɵɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚɯ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɤɢɫɥɵɟ (ɪɭɛɟɰ ɢ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤ ɠɜɚɱɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ), ɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ, ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ:

3Ʌɚɤɬɚɬ 2ɉɪɨɩɢɨɧɚɬ + Ⱥɰɟɬɚɬ + ɋɈ2 ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɞɜɚ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɭɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢ-

ɫɥɨɬɵ ɭ ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɨɤɢɫɥɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ:

x ɚɤɪɢɥɚɬɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɥɚɤɬɚɬ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɚɬɚ;

152

x ɫɭɤɰɢɧɚɬ-ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɚɬɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɥɚɤɬɚɬ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɚɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɢɪɭɜɚɬɚ ɢ ɫɭɤɰɢɧɚɬɚ.

Ⱥɤɪɢɥɚɬɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɭɳ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ (Clostridium propionicum, Bacteroides ruminicola, Megasphaera elsdenii). ɋɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ L-, D-, ɢɥɢ LD-ɮɨɪɦɵ ɥɚɤɬɚɬɚ. ȼ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬ ɪɚɰɟɦɚɡɚ, ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɢɡɨɦɟɪɨɜ: L-ɥɚɤɬɚɬ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ L-ɥɚɤɬɢɥ-ɄɨȺ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɤɚ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɤɪɢ- ɥɨɢɥ-ɄɨȺ. ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɚɤɪɢɥɨɢɥ-ɄɨȺ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɩɪɨɩɢɨ- ɧɢɥ-ɄɨȺ ɫ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɚɬɚ (ɪɢɫ. 47).

CH3 – CHOH – ɋɈɈɇ

L-ɥɚɤɬɚɬ

CH3 – CHOH – CO ~ SKoA

L-ɥɚɤɬɢɥ-KoA

ɇ2Ɉ

CH2 = CH – CO ~ SKoA

Ⱥɤɪɢɥɨɢɥ-KoA

2 ɇ CH3 – CH2 – CO ~ SKoA

ɉɪɨɩɢɨɧɢɥ-KoA

CH3 – CH2 – COOH

ɉɪɨɩɢɨɧɚɬ

Ɋɢɫ. 47. Ⱥɤɪɢɥɚɬɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɨɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɚɬɚ, ɜ ɚɤɪɢɥɚɬɧɨɦ ɬɢɩɟ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɰɟɬɚɬ ɢ ɋɈ2. ȼɵɯɨɞ ȺɌɎ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɞɧɭ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɭ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɥɚɤɬɚɬɚ.

ɋɭɤɰɢɧɚɬ-ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɚɬɧɵɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɭ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɚɬ. ɋɭɤɰɢɧɚɬ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɭɬɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ, ɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɜ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɚɤɪɢɥɚɬɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ, ɧɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜ ɫɭɤɰɢɧɚɬɚ.

ɗɬɨɬ ɬɢɩ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɟɳɟ ɦɟɬɢɥɦɚɥɨɧɢɥ-ɄɨȺ-ɩɭɬɟɦ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ – ɦɟɬɢɥɦɚ- ɥɨɧɢɥ-ɄɨȺ (ɪɢɫ. 48).

153

	Ɇɟɬɢɥɦɚɥɨɧɢɥ-ɄɨȺ-
ɋɇ3 – ɋɈ – ɋɈɈɇ	ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɬɪɚɧɫɮɟɪɚɡɚ		ɇɈɈɋ – ɋɇ2 – ɋɈ – ɋɈɈɇ
ɉɢɪɭɜɚɬ			Ɉɤɫɚɥɨɚɰɟɬɚɬ
ɇ			2ɇ
Ʌɚɤɬɚɬɞɟ-			Ɇɚɥɚɬɞɟɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɚɡɚ
ɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɚɡɚ
ɋɇ3 – ɋɇɈɇ – ɋɈɈɇ			ɇɈɈɋ – ɋɇ2 – ɋɇɈɇ – ɋɈɈɇ
L-ɥɚɤɬɚɬ			Ɇɚɥɚɬ
			Ɏɭɦɚɪɚɡɚ
			ɇ2Ɉ
			ɇɈɈɋ – ɋɇ = ɋɇ – ɋɈɈɇ
	ɋɈ2~ ɛɢɨɬɢɧ		Ɏɭɦɚɪɚɬ
		Ȼɢɨɬɢɧ	ȺȾɎ
			ȺɌɎ Ɏɭɦɚɪɚɬɪɟɞɭɤɬɚɡɚ
			ɇɈɈɋ – ɋɇ2 – ɋɇ2 – ɋɈɈɇ
			ɋɭɤɰɢɧɚɬ
			ɄɨȺ-ɬɪɚɧɫɮɟɪɚɡɚ
		ɇɈɈɋ – ɋɇ2 – ɋɇ2 – ɋɈ ~ SɄɨȺ
ɋɇ3 – ɋɇ2 – ɋɈɈɇ			ɋɭɤɰɢɧɢɥ-ɄɨȺ
ɉɪɨɩɢɨɧɚɬ			ȼ12-ɤɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬ,
ɄɨȺ-ɬɪɚɧɫ-			ɦɟɬɢɥɦɚɥɨɧɢɥ-
ɮɟɪɚɡɚ			ɄɨȺ-ɦɭɬɚɡɚ
ɋɇ3 – ɋɇ2 – ɋɈ ~ SɄɨȺ			ɇɈɈɋ – ɋɇ – ɋɈ ~ SɄɨȺ
ɉɪɨɩɢɨɧɢɥ-ɄɨȺ	Ɇɟɬɢɥɦɚɥɨɧɢɥ-ɄɨȺ-
	ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɬɪɚɧɫɮɟɪɚɡɚ		ɋɇ3
			Ɇɟɬɢɥɦɚɥɨɧɢɥ-ɄɨȺ

Ɋɢɫ. 48. Ɇɟɬɢɥɦɚɥɨɧɢɥ-ɄɨȺ-ɩɭɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ

ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɚɤɬɚɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɤɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɉȼɄ. ɇɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɉȼɄ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ ɦɟɬɢɥɦɚɥɨɧɢɥ- ɄɨȺ-ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɬɪɚɧɫɮɟɪɚɡɵ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɋɈ2 ~ ɛɢɨɬɢɧ. ɋɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɤɫɚɥɨɚɰɟɬɚɬ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɫɭɤɰɢɧɚɬɚ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɦɚɥɚɬɚ ɢ ɮɭɦɚɪɚɬɚ. ɇɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɦɚɪɚɬɚ ɜ ɫɭɤɰɢɧɚɬ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚ ȺɌɎ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɫɭɤɰɢɧɚɬ ɩɪɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ ɄɨȺ-ɬɪɚɧɫɮɟɪɚɡɵ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɄɨȺ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɹ ɫɭɤɰɢɧɢɥ-ɄɨȺ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɦɟɬɢɥɦɚɥɨɧɢɥ-ɄɨȺ-ɦɭɬɚ-

154

ɡɵ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɤɨɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ȼ12 ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɬɢɥɦɚɥɨɧɢɥ-ɄɨȺ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɟɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɢɥ-ɄɨȺ. Ɇɨɥɟɤɭɥɚ ɋɈ2 ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɦɟɬɢɥɦɚɥɨɧɢɥ-ɄɨȺ-ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɬɪɚɧɫɮɟɪɚɡɨɣ, ɱɬɨ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɋɈ2 ~ ɛɢɨɬɢɧ. ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɄɨȺ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɢɥ-ɄɨȺ ɧɚ ɫɭɤɰɢɧɚɬ ɩɪɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ ɄɨȺ-ɬɪɚɧɫ-ɮɟɪɚɡɵ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɚɬɚ ɄɨȺ ɢ ɋɈ2 ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ, ɧɟ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɹɫɶ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɪɢ ɤɨɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ (ɛɢɨɬɢɧ, ɄɨȺ ɢ ɤɨɮɟɪ-

ɦɟɧɬ ȼ12).

ɉɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɨɤɢɫɥɨɟ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɵɪɨɞɟɥɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɡɪɟɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɫɵɪɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɞɥɢɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ-ɬɪɢ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ. ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɨɤɢɫɥɵɯ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɫɵɱɭɠɧɵɣ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬ – ɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɤɬ ɬɟɥɹɱɶɢɯ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɨɜ. ɉɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɨɤɢɫɥɵɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɸɬ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɭɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɭ ɜ ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɭɸ ɢ ɭɤɫɭɫɧɭɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɩɪɢɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɵɪɭ ɨɫɬɪɵɣ ɜɤɭɫ, ɚ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɫɵɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɫɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɪɵ («ɝɥɚɡɤɢ»). ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɩɢɨɧɨɜɨɤɢɫɥɵɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɚ ȼ12, ɢɯ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ.

Ȼɪɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ, ɢɥɢ ɦɭɪɚɜɶɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɟ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɟ

ɗɬɨɬ ɜɢɞ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɷɧɬɟɪɨɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɟ-

ɦɟɣɫɬɜɨ Enterobacteriaceae. Ʉ ɢɯ ɱɢɫɥɭ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Erwinia amylovora, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Yersinia pestis ɢ ɞɪ.

ɗɧɬɟɪɨɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɚɧɚɷɪɨɛɚɦɢ: ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɨɧɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɚɷɪɨɛɧɨɟ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɟ, ɚ ɜ ɚɧɚɷɪɨɛɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ – ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɤɫɭɫɧɚɹ, ɦɭɪɚɜɶɢɧɚɹ, ɹɧɬɚɪɧɚɹ ɢ ɦɨɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ, ɷɬɚɧɨɥ, ɚɰɟɬɨɢɧ, 2,3-ɛɭɬɚɧɞɢɨɥ, ɋɈ2 ɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞ. Ȼɪɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɭɪɚɜɶɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɦ, ɯɨɬɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɭɪɚɜɶɢɧɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ. ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɦɭɪɚɜɶɢɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɬɢɩ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɟɳɟ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ.

ɉɪɢ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɝɟɤɫɨɡɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɨ ɝɥɢɤɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɭɬɢ, ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ – ɩɨ ɩɟɧɬɨɡɨɮɨɫɮɚɬɧɨɦɭ ɩɭɬɢ. Ʉɚɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦ ɝɥɸɤɨɧɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɗɧɬɧɟɪɚ – Ⱦɭɞɨɪɨɜɚ.

155

ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɞɜɟ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ.

1. Ȼɪɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɪɨɞɨɜ Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, Citrobacter, Yersinia, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ (ɦɨɥɨɱɧɚɹ, ɭɤɫɭɫɧɚɹ, ɹɧɬɚɪɧɚɹ, ɦɭɪɚɜɶɢɧɚɹ). Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɝɚɡɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɋɈ2 ɢ ɇ2 (ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ 1:1), ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɷɬɚɧɨɥ ɢ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɧɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ 2,3-ɛɭɬɚɧɞɢɨɥ

(ɪɢɫ. 49).

		ȽɅɘɄɈɁȺ
	ȺȾɎ			2ɇȺȾ+
	2ȺɌɎ			2ɇȺȾ · ɇ2
	Ʌɚɤɬɚɬ	2ɉɢɪɭɜɚɬ			ɋɈ2	ɇ
					Ɉɤɫɚɥɨɚɰɟɬɚɬ	ɋɭɤɰɢɧɚɬ
	Ⱥɰɟɬɢɥ-ɄɨȺ			ɉɢɪɭɜɚɬɮɨɪɦɢɚɬɥɢɚɡɚ
Ⱥɰɟɬɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞ				Ɏɨɪɦɢɚɬ
					Ɏɨɪɦɢɚɬɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɥɢɚɡɚ
ɗɬɚɧɨɥ	Ⱥɰɟɬɢɥɮɨɫɮɚɬ			ɋɈ2	ɇ2
Ⱥɰɟɬɚɬɤɢɧɚɡɚ		ȺȾɎ
		ȺɌɎ
	Ⱥɰɟɬɚɬ

Ɋɢɫ. 51. Ȼɪɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɪɨɞɨɜ

Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, Citrobacter, Yersinia

ȼɵɯɨɞ ȺɌɎ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ 2–2,5 ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ȺɌɎ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɭ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɭ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ȺɌɎ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɝɥɢɤɨɥɢɡɚ, ɟɳɟ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ȺɌɎ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ, ɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɚɰɟɬɚɬɤɢɧɚɡɨɣ.

2. Ȼɪɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɪɨɞɨɜ Enterobacter, Serratia, Pantoea, Erwinia. ɉɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɋɈ2 ɢ ɷɬɚɧɨɥɚ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ 2,3-ɛɭɬɚɧɞɢɨɥ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɬɢɩ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɡɵ-

ɜɚɸɬ ɢɧɚɱɟ ɛɭɬɚɧɞɢɨɥɨɜɵɦ (ɪɢɫ. 50).

156

	ȽɅɘɄɈɁȺ
	2ȺȾɎ	2ɇȺȾ+
	2ȺɌɎ	2ɇȺȾ · ɇ2
		ɉɢɪɭɜɚɬɮɨɪɦɢɚɬɥɢɚɡɚ
Ʌɚɤɬɚɬ	2 ɉɢɪɭɜɚɬ		Ɏɨɪɦɢɚɬ
		ɉɢɪɭɜɚɬ	ɋɈ2	ɇ2
Ⱥɰɟɬɢɥ-ɄɨȺ	ɋɈ2	Ⱥɰɟɬɢɥɥɚɤɬɚɬɫɢɧɬɟɬɚɡɚ
Ⱥɰɟɬɚɥɶɞɟɝɢɞ	2-Ⱥɰɟɬɢɥɥɚɤɬɚɬ
ɗɬɚɧɨɥ	ɋɈ2	2-Ⱥɰɟɬɢɥɥɚɤɬɚɬɞɟɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɥɚɡɚ
	Ⱥɰɟɬɨɢɧ

Ȼɭɬɚɧɞɢɨɥɞɟɝɢɞɪɨɝɟɧɚɡɚ

2,3-Ȼɭɬɚɧɞɢɨɥ

Ɋɢɫ. 50. Ȼɭɬɚɧɞɢɨɥɨɜɨɟ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ ɪɨɞɨɜ

Enterobacter, Serratia, Pantoea, Erwinia

Ⱥɰɟɬɨɢɧ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɩɢɪɭɜɚɬɚ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɞɜɭɤɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɞɟɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɛɭɬɚɧɞɢɨɥɨɜɨɦ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɋɈ2 ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ. ɇɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɭɬɚɧɞɢɨɥɚ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ – ɩɢɪɭɜɚɬ. ȼɵɯɨɞ ȺɌɎ – ɞɜɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɭ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɭ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ.

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɛɪɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɫ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɫɥɹɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɟ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ 3,3 ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ȺɌɎ.

6.2. Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ

ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ E. coli, ɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɜ ɚɷɪɨɛɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɫ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɨɣ, ɨɤɨɥɨ 50 % ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɨɤɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɋɈ2. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ȺɌɎ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɚɤɤɭɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ. Ɉɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ 50 % ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ɇɚ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɡɚɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɛóɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ȺɌɎ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɚɷɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ.

Ȼɨɥɟɟ 95 % ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɣ E. coli ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɢɦɟɪɨɜ: ɛɟɥɤɨɜ, ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɨɜ, ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ, ɊɇɄ, ȾɇɄ. ɇɚ ɞɨɥɸ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ 52 %, ɚ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɸ ɧɭɤɥɟɢɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ – 19 % ɦɚɫɫɵ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɉɤɨɥɨ 3 % ɫɭɯɨɝɨ

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