Finansove_pravo_2 / Podatkove_Pravo_Bandurka2012

ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȿ ɉɊȺȼɈ	131

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɹ 10.1

ɊɈɁɉɈȾȱɅ ɅȱɋɈȼɂɏ ȾȱɅəɇɈɄ ɁȺ ɊɈɁɊəȾȺɆɂ

Ɋɨɡɪɹɞɢ	1	2	3	4	5
ȼɿɞɫɬɚɧɶ,	Ⱦɨ 10	10,1—25	25,1—40	40,1—60	60,1
ɤɿɥɨɦɟɬɪɿɜ					ɿ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ

ȼɿɞɫɬɚɧɶ (ɩɪɹɦɚ) ɜɿɞ ɰɟɧɬɪɭ ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥɭ (ɭɪɨɱɢɳɚ) ɞɨ ɧɢɠɧɶɨɝɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɭ ɚɛɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɭ ɜɿɞɜɚɧɬɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɟɜɢɧɢ ɡɚɥɿɡɧɢɰɟɸ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɿɱɧɢɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɚɦɢ ɿ ɤɨɪɢɝɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɝɟɨɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɭɦɨɜ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɫɬɿ ɡɚ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɤɨɟɮɿɰɿɽɧɬɚɦɢ:

ɚ) ɭ ɥɿɫɚɯ ɡ ɪɿɜɧɢɧɧɢɦ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɨɦ — 1,1; ɛ) ɭ ɥɿɫɚɯ ɡ ɝɨɪɛɢɫɬɢɦ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɨɦ ɚɛɨ ɭ ɥɿɫɚɯ, ɩɨɧɚɞ 30 ɜɿɞ-

ɫɨɬɤɿɜ ɩɥɨɳɿ ɹɤɢɯ ɡɚɣɧɹɬɨ ɛɨɥɨɬɚɦɢ, — 1,25; ɜ) ɭ ɥɿɫɚɯ ɡ ɝɿɪɫɶɤɢɦ ɪɟɥɶɽɮɨɦ — 1,5.

Ⱦɨ ɜɟɥɢɤɨʀ ɞɟɪɟɜɢɧɢ ɜɫɿɯ ɥɿɫɨɜɢɯ ɩɨɪɿɞ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɜɿɞɪɿɡɤɢ ɫɬɨɜɛɭɪɚ (ɭ ɜɟɪɯɧɶɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɬɢɧɿ ɛɟɡ ɤɨɪɢ) ɞɿɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɜɿɞ 25 ɫɚɧɬɢɦɟɬɪɿɜ ɿ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ, ɞɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨʀ — ɞɿɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɜɿɞ 13 ɞɨ 24 ɫɚɧɬɢɦɟɬɪɿɜ, ɞɨ ɞɪɿɛɧɨʀ — ɞɿɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɜɿɞ 3 ɞɨ 12 ɫɚɧɬɢɦɟɬɪɿɜ.

Ⱦɨ ɞɪɨɜ’ɹɧɨʀ ɞɟɪɟɜɢɧɢ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬɢ, ɹɤɿ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɞɚɬɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɦɢɫɥɨɜɨʀ ɩɟɪɟɪɨɛɤɢ (ɞɪɨɜɚ ɩɚɥɢɜɧɿ).

ɋɭɛ’ɽɤɬɢ ɥɿɫɨɜɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ, ɹɤɿ ɜɢɞɚɸɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɿ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɢ, ɞɨ 10 ɱɢɫɥɚ ɦɿɫɹɰɹ, ɳɨ ɧɚɫɬɚɽ ɡɚ ɡɜɿɬɧɢɦ ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥɨɦ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɩɟɪɟɥɿɤ ɥɿɫɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɿɜ, ɹɤɢɦ ɜɢɞɚɧɨ ɥɿɫɨɪɭɛɧɿ ɤɜɢɬɤɢ ɬɚ ɥɿɫɨɜɿ ɤɜɢɬɤɢ, ɡɚ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɸ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɡɚ ɩɨɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɡ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɜɱɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɡ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɥɿɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ. ɋɭɦɚ ɡɛɨɪɭ ɨɛɱɢɫɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚɦɢ ɥɿɫɨɜɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ, ɹɤɿ ɜɢɞɚɸɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɿ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɢ, ɿ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɚɯ.

Ʌɿɫɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɿ ɫɩɥɚɱɭɸɬɶ ɡɛɿɪ ɭ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɿ ɞɥɹ ɤɜɚɪɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ (ɡɜɿɬɧɨɝɨ) ɩɟɪɿɨɞɭ. Ɂɛɿɪ ɫɩɥɚɱɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɥɿɫɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɚɦɢ ɳɨɤɜɚɪɬɚɥɭ ɪɿɜɧɢɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɦɢ ɜɿɞ ɫɭɦɢ ɡɛɨɪɭ, ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨʀ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɚɯ, ɜɢɞɚɧɢɯ ɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɦɭ ɤɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɨɦɭ ɪɨɰɿ.

132		Ɉ. Ɇ. Ȼɚɧɞɭɪɤɚ, ȼ. Ⱦ. ɉɨɧɿɤɚɪɨɜ, ɋ. Ɇ. ɉɨɩɨɜɚ

?	Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɿ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹɞɨ ɬɟɦɢ 10

10.1.əɤɿ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɢ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɮɿɤɫɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɫɿɥɶɫɶɤɨɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ?

10.2.Ɉɛ’ɽɤɬɢ ɬɚ ɛɚɡɚ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɮɿɤɫɨɜɚɧɢɦ ɫɿɥɶɫɶɤɨɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɢɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɦ.

10.3.Ɋɨɡɦɿɪɢ ɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɤɬɚɪɭ ɫɿɥɶɫɶɤɨɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɢɯ ɭɝɿɞɶ ɬɚ ɡɟɦɟɥɶ ɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɭ.

10.4.əɤɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɢ ɧɟ ɫɩɥɚɱɭɸɬɶ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɢ ɮɿɤɫɨɜɚɧɨɝɨ ɫɿɥɶɫɶɤɨɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ?

10.5.ɉɥɚɬɧɢɤɢ ɡɛɨɪɭ ɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɨʀ ɧɚɞɛɚɜɤɢ ɞɨ ɞɿɸɱɨɝɨ ɬɚɪɢɮɭ ɧɚ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭ ɿ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɭ ɟɧɟɪɝɿɸ?

10.6.əɤɚ ɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɡɛɨɪɭ ɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɨʀ ɧɚɞɛɚɜɤɢ ɞɨ ɞɿɸɱɨɝɨ ɬɚɪɢɮɭ ɧɚ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɭ ɿ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɭ ɟɧɟɪɝɿɸ?

10.7.əɤɿ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɢ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɩɥɚɱɭɸɬɶ ɡɛɿɪ ɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɨʀ ɧɚɞɛɚɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɣ ɝɚɡ?

10.8.ɍ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɪɨɡɦɿɪɿ ɫɩɥɚɱɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɛɿɪ ɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɨʀ ɧɚɞɛɚɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɣ ɝɚɡ?

10.9.ɇɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɹɤɢɯ ɞɨɡɜɿɥɶɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɧɚɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɪɚɞɿɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɢɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɦ?

10.10.Ɉɛ’ɽɤɬ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɛɨɪɨɦ ɡɚ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɚɞɿɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɢɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɦ.

10.11.Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡɛɨɪɨɦ ɡɚ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɜɨɞɢ.

10.12.əɤ ɫɩɥɚɱɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɛɿɪ ɡɚ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɜɨɞɢ ɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɥɿɦɿɬɭ?

10.13.Ɂɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɹɤɢɯ ɞɠɟɪɟɥ ɫɩɥɚɱɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɛɿɪ ɡɚ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɜɨɞɢ?

10.14.əɤɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɽ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɡɛɨɪɭ ɡɚ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɥɿɫɨɜɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɿɜ?

10.15.əɤɿ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɿʀ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɿ ɫɬɚɜɨɤ ɡɛɨɪɭ ɡɚ ɡɚɝɨɬɿɜɥɸ ɞɟɪɟɜɢɧɢ?

11.ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɂɃ ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɖ

ɌȺ ɁȺȻȿɁɉȿɑȿɇɇə ȼɂɄɈɇȺɇɇə ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɂɏ ɁɈȻɈȼ’əɁȺɇɖ

11.1. ɈɊȽȺɇȱɁȺɐȱə ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼɈȽɈ ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɘ

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ — ɰɟ ɫɭɤɭɩɧɿɫɬɶ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ, ɳɨ ɜɠɢɜɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɡ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɩɨɜɧɨɬɢ ɿ ɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ ɡ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɨɜɢɯ ɬɚ ɤɚɫɨɜɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣ, ɩɚɬɟɧɬɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɥɿɰɟɧɡɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹɦ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɥɚɞɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ.

Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɡ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ ɽ:

—Ɉɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ — ɳɨɞɨ ɩɨɞɚ-

ɬɤɿɜ, ɹɤ, ɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɿɜ ɬɚ Ⱦɟɪɠɚɧɢɯ ɰɿɥɶɨɜɢɯ ɮɨɧɞɿɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɫɬɨɫɨɜɧɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹɦ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɥɚɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ;

—Ɇɢɬɧɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ — ɳɨɞɨ ɦɢɬɚ, ɚɤɰɢɡɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ, ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɞɨɞɚɧɭ ɜɚɪɬɿɫɬɶ, ɿɧɲɢɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ ɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɪɚɡɿ ɜɜɟɡɟɧɧɹ (ɩɟɪɟɫɢɥɚɧɧɹ) ɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ ɿ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɿɜ ɧɚ ɦɢɬɧɭ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɸ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɚɛɨ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿɸ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɦɢɬɧɨʀ ɡɨɧɢ, ɚɛɨ ɜɢɜɟɡɟɧɧɹ (ɩɟɪɟɫɢɥɚɧɧɹ) ɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ ɿ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɿɜ ɡ ɦɢɬɧɨʀ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɚɛɨ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɦɢɬɧɨʀ ɡɨɧɢ.

Ɍɚɤɨɠ ɦɢɬɧɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɸɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɦɢɬɧɨʀ ɜɚɪɬɨɫɬɿ ɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɭ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɦɢɬɧɢɣ ɤɨɪɞɨɧ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ.

ȱɧɲɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɧɟ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ ɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ, ɞɨɫɬɨɜɿɪɧɨɫɬɿ, ɩɨɜɧɨɬɢ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɢɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɯɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ.

134		Ɉ. Ɇ. Ȼɚɧɞɭɪɤɚ, ȼ. Ⱦ. ɉɨɧɿɤɚɪɨɜ, ɋ. Ɇ. ɉɨɩɨɜɚ

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɿɯ ɫɩɪɚɜ, ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɦɿɥɿɰɿʀ, ɩɪɨɤɭɪɚɬɭɪɢ ɬɚ ʀɯ ɫɥɭɠɛɨɜɿ (ɩɨɫɚɞɨɜɿ) ɨɫɨɛɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɛɪɚɬɢ ɛɟɡɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨʀ ɭɱɚɫɬɿ ɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɤ, ɳɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ, ɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɡ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ.

ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ:

ɚ) ɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ; ɛ) ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɨ-ɚɧɚɥɿɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɨɪ-

ɝɚɧɿɜ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ; ɜ) ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɤ ɬɚ ɡɜɿɪɨɤ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɜɢɦɨɝ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚ-

ɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɤ ɳɨɞɨ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹɦ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɥɚɞɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɳɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɸɬɶ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɭ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ.

Ɉɛɥɿɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜɟɞɟɬɶɫɹ ɡ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɭɦɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɡɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɿɫɬɸ ɿ ɩɨɜɧɨɬɨɸ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɧɚɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɿɣ, ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹɦ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɥɚɞɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ. ȼɡɹɬɬɸ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɚɛɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɸɬɶ ɜɫɿ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ.

Ȼɚɧɤɢ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɿ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɜɚɸɬɶ ɩɨɬɨɱɧɿ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ — ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɚɦ (ɹɤ ɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚɦ, ɬɚɤ ɿ ɧɟɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚɦ) ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɨ ɜɿɞ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣɧɨɩɪɚɜɨɜɨʀ ɮɨɪɦɢ, ɜɿɞɨɤɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɦ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɚɦ ɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɰɬɜɚɦ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɚɦ — ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɰɹɦ ɬɚ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦ ɨɫɨɛɚɦ, ɹɤɿ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɹɬɶ ɧɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɿɣɧɭ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɶ, ɥɢɲɟ ɡɚ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɜɢɞɚɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɭɸɬɶ ɜɡɹɬɬɹ ʀɯ ɧɚ ɨɛɥɿɤ ɭ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɯ.

ȱɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɨ-ɚɧɚɥɿɬɢɱɧɟ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ — ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɡɚɯɨɞɿɜ ɿɡ ɡɛɨɪɭ,

ɨɩɪɚɰɸɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨʀ ɞɥɹ ɜɢ-

ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȿ ɉɊȺȼɈ	135

ɤɨɧɚɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɩɨɤɥɚɞɟɧɢɯ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɣ, ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɢɯ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɨ-ɚɧɚɥɿɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ,

ɳɨ ɧɚɞɯɨɞɢɬɶ:

ɚ) ɜɿɞ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɿɜ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ:

— ɳɨ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹɯ, ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɚɯ, ɿɧɲɢɯ ɡɜɿɬɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ;

— ɳɨ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɧɚɞɚɧɢɯ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɦɢ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɜ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɤɨɩɿɹɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɡ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɞɨɯɨɞɿɜ, ɜɢɬɪɚɬ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ, ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɿɡ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ (ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ), ɩɟɪɜɢɧɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɹɤɿ ɜɟɞɭɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ, ɪɟɝɿɫɬɪɚɯ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ, ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɿɣ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ, ɿɧɲɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ, ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɡ ɨɛɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɬɚ ɫɩɥɚɬɨɸ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ;

— ɩɪɨ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ-ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɿ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ;

— ɩɪɨ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɬɨɪɿɜ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣ;

ɛ) ɜɿɞ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɜɱɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ, ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɜɪɹɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɇɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɭ_ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ ɿɧɮɨɪ-

ɦɚɰɿɹ:

—ɩɪɨ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɳɨ ɧɚɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɬɚ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ. Ɂɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɢ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ, ɜɢɞ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɿɧɞɢɜɿɞɭɚɥɶɧɿ ɨɡɧɚɤɢ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ (ɜ ɪɚɡɿ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ), ɡɚ ɹɤɢɦɢ ɣɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɿɞɟɧɬɢɮɿɤɭɜɚɬɢ;

—ɩɪɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɡɚ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨɸ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɿɫɬɸ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ;

—ɳɨ ɦɿɫɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɡɜɿɬɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ (ɤɪɿɦ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɿɮɿɤɨɜɚɧɨʀ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ, ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ ɡɜɿɬɿɜ), ɹɤɿ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɜɱɨʀ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɬɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɜɪɹɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ;

—ɩɪɨ ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɜɪɹɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɢɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɡɛɨɪɿɜ ɬɚ ɧɚɞɚɧɿ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɿ ɩɿɥɶɝɢ;

136Ɉ. Ɇ. Ȼɚɧɞɭɪɤɚ, ȼ. Ⱦ. ɉɨɧɿɤɚɪɨɜ, ɋ. Ɇ. ɉɨɩɨɜɚ

—ɩɪɨ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɢ, ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿʀ, ɩɚɬɟɧɬɢ, ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ;

—ɩɪɨ ɟɤɫɩɨɪɬɧɿ ɬɚ ɿɦɩɨɪɬɧɿ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ;

ɜ) ɜɿɞ ɛɚɧɤɿɜ, ɿɧɲɢɯ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ — ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ ɩɪɨ

ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɬɚ ɪɭɯ ɤɨɲɬɿɜ ɧɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɚɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ;

ɝ) ɜɿɞ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɜɥɚɞɢ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɞɟɪɠɚɜ, ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɣ ɚɛɨ ɧɟɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɿɜ;

ɞ) ɜɿɞ ɩɿɞɪɨɡɞɿɥɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ_ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɬɚ ɦɢɬɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ

—ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɣɧɨ-ɚɧɚɥɿɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ

ɬɚɤɨɠ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɿɧɲɚ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ, ɨɩɪɢɥɸɞɧɟɧɚ ɹɤ ɬɚɤɚ, ɳɨ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɨɩɪɢɥɸɞɧɟɧɧɸ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ, ɬɚ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɿɥɶɧɨ ɱɢ ɡɚ ɡɚɩɢɬɨɦ ɧɚɞɚɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ.

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɢ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɿ, ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɿ (ɩɥɚɧɨɜɿ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɡɚɩɥɚɧɨɜɿ: ɜɢʀɡɧɿ ɚɛɨ ɧɟɜɢʀɡɧɿ) ɬɚ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ.

Ʉɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɿ ɬɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɜ ɦɟɠɚɯ ʀɯ ɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɶ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨ ɜ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɚɯ ɬɚ ɭ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, ɜɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɯ ɉɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɨɦ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɚ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ — ɰɢɦ Ʉɨɞɟɤɫɨɦ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹɦ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɨɤɥɚɞɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ.

Ʉɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɚ, ɹɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɞɚɧɢɯ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹɯ (ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɚɯ) ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ.

Ʉɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɜɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɛɟɡ ɛɭɞɶ-ɹɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɚ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɚɛɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ ʀʀ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ. Ʉɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɿɣ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɰɿ ɩɿɞɥɹɝɚɽ ɜɫɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɡɜɿɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɫɭɰɿɥɶɧɢɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɦ. Ɂɝɨɞɚ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɭ ɬɚ ɣɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɿɞ ɱɚɫ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɤɚɦɟɪɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ ɧɟ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɚ.

Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɨɸ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɚ, ɩɪɟ-

ɞɦɟɬɨɦ ɹɤɨʀ ɽ ɫɜɨɽɱɚɫɧɿɫɬɶ, ɞɨɫɬɨɜɿɪɧɿɫɬɶ, ɩɨɜɧɨɬɚ ɧɚɪɚɯɭ-

ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȿ ɉɊȺȼɈ	137

ɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɫɩɥɚɬɢ ɭɫɿɯ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹɦ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɥɚɞɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɸɱɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ, ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɪɨɛɨɬɨɞɚɜɰɟɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ ɳɨɞɨ ɭɤɥɚɞɟɧɧɹ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ ɡ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ (ɧɚɣɦɚɧɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ); ɬɚ ɹɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɿ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɣ (ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɿɜ) ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɨʀ, ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɨʀ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ; ɪɟɝɿɫɬɪɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ, ɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ; ɩɟɪɜɢɧɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɿ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡ ɧɚɪɚɯɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɿ ɫɩɥɚɬɨɸ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɬɚ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ, ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹɦ ɜɢɦɨɝ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹɦ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɥɚɞɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ; ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɢɯ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɬɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ, ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɤ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ.

Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɿɞɩɨ-

ɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ɩɥɚɧɭ-ɝɪɚɮɿɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɤ.

Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚ ɩɨɡɚɩɥɚɧɨɜɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɚ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɚ-

ɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɩɥɚɧɿ ɪɨɛɨɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɿ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɯɨɱɚ ɛ ɨɞɧɿɽʀ ɡ ɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧ:

—ɡɚ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɚɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɤ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɚɛɨ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɿɜ, ɳɨ ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɿ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ, ɜɚɥɸɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹɦ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɥɚɞɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɹɤɳɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɟ ɧɚɞɚɫɬɶ ɩɨɹɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ʀɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɿ ɩɿɞɬɜɟɪɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɿɜ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɜɢɣ ɡɚɩɢɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɝɨɦ 10 ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɡ ɞɧɹ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɡɚɩɢɬɭ;

—ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɚɧɨ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɫɬɪɨɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɭ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɸ ɚɛɨ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɢ, ɹɤɳɨ ʀɯ ɩɨɞɚɧɧɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ;

—ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɭɬɨɱɧɸɸɱɢɣ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɡ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ

138		Ɉ. Ɇ. Ȼɚɧɞɭɪɤɚ, ȼ. Ⱦ. ɉɨɧɿɤɚɪɨɜ, ɋ. Ɇ. ɉɨɩɨɜɚ

ɡɚ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ, ɹɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɹɜɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ;

—ɜɢɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɨɜɿɪɧɿɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɢɯ, ɳɨ ɦɿɫɬɹɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɹɯ;

—ɪɨɡɩɨɱɚɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɪɟɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ;

—ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɧɨ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɚɰɿɸ, ɜ ɹɤɿɣ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɞɨ ɜɿɞɲɤɨɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɡ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɞɨɞɚɧɭ ɜɚɪɬɿɫɬɶ, ɹɤɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɛɿɥɶɲɟ 100 ɬɢɫ. ɝɪɢɜɟɧɶ;

—ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɭ (ɭɯɜɚɥɭ) ɫɭɞɭ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɿɡɧɚɧɧɹ, ɫɥɿɞɱɨɝɨ, ɩɪɨɤɭɪɨɪɚ, ɜɢɧɟɫɟɧɭ ɧɢɦɢ ɭ ɤɪɢɦɿɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɫɩɪɚɜɚɯ, ɳɨ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ ɭ ʀɯ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɿ, ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ.

Ɉɛɦɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɚɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɟ ɩɨɲɢɪɸɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ, ɳɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɜɟɪɧɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɚɛɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ, ɳɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɤɪɢɦɿɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɫɩɪɚɜɢ.

ɉɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɦɿɥɿɰɿʀ ɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɛɪɚɬɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɶ ɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɿ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɢɯ ɬɚ ɩɨɡɚɩɥɚɧɨɜɢɯ ɜɢʀɡɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɤ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɳɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɹɤɳɨ ɬɚɤɿ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡ ɜɟɞɟɧɧɹɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɪɨɡɲɭɤɨɜɢɯ ɫɩɪɚɜ ɚɛɨ ɪɨɡɫɥɿɞɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɤɪɢɦɿɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɫɩɪɚɜ, ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɢɯ ɫɬɨɫɨɜɧɨ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ (ɩɨɫɚɞɨɜɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ, ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ), ɳɨ ɡɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ʀɯ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɿ.

Ɍɪɢɜɚɥɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɜɢʀɡɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɤ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɜɚɬɢ 30 ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɳɨɞɨ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɦɚɥɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɬɜɚ — 10 ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ, ɿɧɲɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ — 20 ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ.

Ⱥ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɿɫɬɶ ɩɨɡɚɩɥɚɧɨɜɢɯ ɜɢʀɡɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɤ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɜɚɬɢ 15 ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, 5 ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ — ɳɨɞɨ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɦɚɥɨɝɨ ɛɿɡɧɟɫɭ, ɿɧɲɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ — 10 ɪɨɛɨɱɢɯ ɞɧɿɜ.

Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɜɢʀɡɧɨɸ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɨɸ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɚ, ɹɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɡɧɚɯɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɱɢ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɚ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ, ɫɬɨɫɨɜɧɨ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɚ.

ɉɈȾȺɌɄɈȼȿ ɉɊȺȼɈ	139

Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɸ ɧɟɜɢʀɡɧɨɸ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɨɸ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɟ-

ɪɟɜɿɪɤɚ, ɹɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɿɳɟɧɧɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ.

Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɸ ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɚ, ɳɨ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɦɿɫɰɟɦ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɪɨɡɬɚɲɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɢɯ ɚɛɨ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɜɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ. Ɍɚɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɚ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɳɨɞɨ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɪɨɡɪɚɯɭɧɤɨɜɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣ, ɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɤɚɫɨɜɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɿɣ, ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɚɬɟɧɬɿɜ, ɥɿɰɟɧɡɿɣ, ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜ, ɭ ɬɨɦɭ ɱɢɫɥɿ ɫɜɿɞɨɰɬɜ ɩɪɨ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɭ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿɸ, ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɬɚ ɨɛɿɝɭ ɩɿɞɚɤɰɢɡɧɢɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɿɜ, ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɪɨɛɨɬɨɞɚɜɰɟɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ ɳɨɞɨ ɭɤɥɚɞɟɧɧɹ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɭ, ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ ɡ ɩɪɚɰɿɜɧɢɤɚɦɢ (ɧɚɣɦɚɧɢɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ).

Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɧɚ ɩɨɜɿɪɤɚ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ.

Ɍɪɢɜɚɥɿɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɜɢʀɡɧɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɤ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɢɳɭɜɚɬɢ 10 ɞɿɛ.

ɉɨɫɚɞɨɜɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɜɩɪɚɜɿ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɢɬɢ ɞɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɜɢʀɡɧɨʀ ɿ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɧɨʀ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ ɡɚ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɩɪɟɞ’ɹɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ, ɜ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɞɚɬɚ ɜɢɞɚɱɿ, ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ, ɪɟɤɜɿɡɢɬɢ ɧɚɤɚɡɭ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨʀ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ, ɧɚɣɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɪɟɤɜɿɡɢɬɢ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚ (ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɚ), ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɚ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ (ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳɟ, ɿɦ’ɹ, ɩɨ ɛɚɬɶɤɨɜɿ ɮɿɡɢɱɧɨʀ ɨɫɨɛɢ — ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɭ, ɹɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɹɽɬɶɫɹ), ɦɟɬɚ, ɜɢɞ (ɩɥɚɧɨɜɚ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɡɚɩɥɚɧɨɜɚ), ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɢ, ɞɚɬɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɬɚ ɬɪɢɜɚɥɿɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ, ɩɨɫɚɞɚ ɬɚ ɩɪɿɡɜɢɳɟ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɜɨʀ (ɫɥɭɠɛɨɜɨʀ) ɨɫɨɛɢ, ɹɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɢɦɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɭ. ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɭ ɭ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɽ ɞɿɣɫɧɢɦ ɡɚ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɭ ɤɟɪɿɜɧɢɤɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɚɛɨ ɣɨɝɨ ɡɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɤɚ, ɳɨ ɫɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɱɚɬɤɨɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ.

ɉɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɧɚɞɚɬɢ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɜɢɦ

(ɫɥɭɠɛɨɜɢɦ) ɨɫɨɛɚɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɜ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɭ

140		Ɉ. Ɇ. Ȼɚɧɞɭɪɤɚ, ȼ. Ⱦ. ɉɨɧɿɤɚɪɨɜ, ɋ. Ɇ. ɉɨɩɨɜɚ

ɩɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɫɹɡɿ ɜɫɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ, ɳɨ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɞɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ ɚɛɨ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡ ɧɢɦ. Ɍɚɤɢɣ ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɨɤ ɜɢɧɢɤɚɽ ɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ.

ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɣ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɣ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɧɚɞɚɬɢ ɜ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɝɥɹɞɿ ɡ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹɦ ɭɦɨɜɢ ɳɨɞɨ ɪɟɽɫɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɭ ɩɿɞɡɜɿɬɧɢɯ ɨɫɿɛ (ɭ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɿ ɬɚ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɭ, ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ) ɤɨɩɿʀ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɡ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ ɞɨɯɨɞɿɜ ɜɢɬɪɚɬ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɿɜ, ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɿɡ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ (ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɯ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɶ), ɩɟɪɜɢɧɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɪɟɝɿɫɬɪɿɜ ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɿɤɭ, ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨɜɨʀ ɡɜɿɬɧɨɫɬɿ, ɿɧɲɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢɯ ɡ ɨɛɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɬɚ ɨɩɥɚɬɨɸ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɿ ɡɛɨɪɿɜ, ɧɟ ɩɿɡɧɿɲɟ ɪɨɛɨɱɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ, ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ ɞɧɟɦ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɜɢʀɡɧɨʀ ɩɥɚɧɨɜɨʀ, ɩɨɡɚɩɥɚɧɨɜɨʀ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ, ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɧɟɜɢʀɡɧɨʀ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɤɢ.

ɋɚɦɟ ɰɿ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɚ ɿɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɿɹ, ɟɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɿ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ, ɫɭɞɨɜɿ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɿ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɢ ɽ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɿɜ ɳɨɞɨ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ ɫɭɛ’ɽɤɬɚɦɢ ɩɿɞɩɪɢɽɦɧɢɰɶɤɨʀ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ.

ȿɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɪɚɡɿ, ɤɨɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ, ɳɨ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ, ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶɧɿ ɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɭ ɝɚɥɭɡɿ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɦɢɫɬɟɰɬɜɚ, ɬɟɯɧɿɤɢ, ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ ɬɚ ɜ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɝɚɥɭɡɹɯ. Ɂɚɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɬɚ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɨɝɨɜɿɪɧɢɯ ɡɚɫɚɞɚɯ ɬɚ ɡɚ ɪɚɯɭɧɨɤ ɤɨɲɬɿɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɢ, ɳɨ ɽ ɿɧɿɰɿɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɡɚɥɭɱɟɧɧɹ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɬɚ.

ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɿ ɩɟɪɟɜɿɪɨɤ ɩɨɫɚɞɨɜɿ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɭ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɨɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢ ɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɿɜ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ ɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ ɡɚɜɿɪɟɧɿ ɤɨɩɿʀ ɩɟɪɜɢɧɧɢɯ ɮɿɧɚɧɫɨ- ɜɨ-ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɢɯ, ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɶɤɢɯ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɳɨ ɫɜɿɞɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɩɪɢɯɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹ (ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ) ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɿɜ ɨɩɨɞɚɬɤɭɜɚɧɧɹ, ɧɟɫɩɥɚɬɭ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɿɜ, ɡɛɨɪɿɜ (ɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɤɨɜɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɿɜ), ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɧɹ ɜɢɦɨɝ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹɦ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɥɚɞɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɩɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɨʀ ɫɥɭɠɛɢ. ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɩɥɚɬɧɢɤɢ ɡɨɛɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɧɧɹ ɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɿɜ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ɬɢɯ, ɳɨ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɿ ɡ ɜɢɤɨɧɚɧɧɹɦ ɜɢɦɨɝ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɜɫɬɜɚ, ɞɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɹɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɥɚ-