Text 11. Grain-Conveying Equipment

Conveying equipment often has to move grain contaminated with straw or weed seeds at angles varying from vertical to horizontal. It should be self-cleaning to avoid contamination of different varieties of cereal.

Augers consist of a helical screw in a closely fitting tube. The screw projects at the inlet end of the tube and there is a slide to control the amount exposed. An electric motor at the other end drives the screw.

Augers convey grain at any angle from the horizontal to the vertical, but the greater the angle the less the throughput; they are self-cleaning.

Chain and flight conveyers consist of horizontal chain with cross bars or flights running between the flights.

This type of conveyer is suitable for horizontal use or at very slight angles. It is not self-cleaning and therefore gives a certain amount of grain contamination.

Endless belts are used for horizontal conveying and are self-cleaning and efficient.

A long wooden trough is suspended on flexible wooden strips and pushed backwards and forwards by an eccentric drive from an electric motor. These are durable and self-cleaning but have a limited output, particularly when the grain is wet. They are only suitable for horizontal conveying.

A series of small metal buckets is fitted to a canvas belt. The buckets dip into the grain in the foot of the conveyer, raise it to the top, then flick it out as they turn over the top. These are only suitable for vertical conveying but are not affected by the moisture content of the grain; they are also self-cleaning.

List of sources

1) Livestock Production / Ed. by W.H. Peters - McGraw - Hill Books Co., New-York - London, 1972.

2) Kircher, H.B., McNall, P.E. Our Natural Resources - The Interstate Printers and Publishers, 1976.

3) Kay, M. Sprinkler Irrigation: Equipment and Practice - B.T. Batsford Ltd., London, 1988.

4) Farm Journal: The Magazine of American Agriculture, 1993-1996.

5) Farmers Weekly Journal - Reed Business Information Ltd., 1998-2001.

6) Nebraska Farmer Journal - HBJ Farm Publications, 1991-1999.

7) Automotive Engineering Journal - Society of Automotive Engineering, Inc., 1996-1999.

8) Facts and Figures 1996/97: Highlights of Dutch Agriculture, Natural Management and Fisheries - Netherlands, 1997.

9) Deere and Company: Annual Report, 1999.

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11) Land Privatization and Farm Reorganization in Russia: Annexes - International Finance Corp., Overseas Development Administration, Washington, 1995.

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13) Славис А.А., Смецкая Т.С. Методические разработки по обучению чтению литературы по специальности на английском языке для студентов 2 курса факультета механизации сельского хозяйства - Киев: УСХА, 1985.

14) Англо-русский автотракторный словарь / Сост. Б.В. Гольд, Р.В. Кугель, С.А. Шершер - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1972.

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17) Career in the Food, Agricultural, and Natural Resource Sciences - The Pennsylvania State University, 1996.

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22) Evans, V. Successful Writing: Proficiency - Express Publishing, 1998.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Foreword ……………………………………………………………….	Page 3
UNIT 1. The History of the Development of Agricultural Implements …………………………………………………..	6
UNIT 2. Importance of Economic Mechanization ……………………. Grammar: Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs; Complex Object	12
UNIT 3. General Characteristics of Agricultural Mechanization in some Foreign Countries ..…………………………………….	19
UNIT 4. Trends of Agricultural Mechanization Development in the USA ………………………..………………………………… Grammar: Passive Voice	24
UNIT 5. Modern Field Machinery ……………………………………. Grammar: Participle I	34
UNIT 6. Tractors Used in Farming …………………………………… Grammar: Participle II	42
UNIT 7. Types of Energy Sources Used for Agricultural Machines …. Grammar: Functions of the verb “to BE”	52
UNIT 8. Agricultural Machinery and Equipment Management ………. Grammar: Modal verbs; Articles	58
UNIT 9. Technical Re-equipment of Modern Agriculture ……………. Grammar: Substitutes	66
UNIT 10. Computer Simulation in Farm Machinery Design …………. Grammar: Infinitive; If-clause; Subjunctive Mood Auxiliary Reading Texts	75 84
List of Sources …………………………………………………………	94

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КУЗНЕЦОВ Андрей Николаевич