Meyer R., Koehler J., Homburg A. Explosives. Wiley-VCH, 2002 / Explosives 5th ed by Koehler, Meyer, and Homburg (2002)

Index	416

process; contains 3 –12 % W Octogen 68; 239

RDX Polar PE = plastizised RDX; containing 12 % Gulf 300 process oil and lecithine 90/10 = RDX/KelF 90/10

reactivity test 365 recommended firing current 272 recommended test current 272 recul = setback 282

Règlement International concernant le transport des marchandises dangereuses 273

regressive burning 272 Reibempflindlichkeit = friction sensi-

tivity 144

relais = booster 40

relation des masses = mass ratio 211

relative weight strengt 26; 37; 300; 369

relay 273 reliability 273

requirements on industrial and military explosives 135

résistance à l’eau = water resistance 368

résistant au balles = bullet resistant resonance = erosive burning 273 resserrement = propellant area ratio

269

restricted propellant 273 retart = delay 76

retard d’allumage = delayed inflammation; funtioning time 76; 147 RF-208 = organic phosphorus compound for hypergolizing rocket

fuels

RFG = rifle fine grain powder (UK) RFNA = red fuming nitric acid (UK) RID = Réglement International con-

cernant le transport des marchandises dangereuses 3; 72; 165; 185; 273

rifle bullet impact test 275

RIPE = plastizided RDX with 15 % Gulf Crown Oil (USA)

rocket 275 rocket motor 275

rocket propellants 61; 114; 324 rocket test stand 275

Röhrenpulver; Röhrchenpulver = tube shaped gun powder 158

Rohmasse; Pulverrohmasse = paste 244

roquette à propergol liquide = liquid propellant rocket 205

roquette à propergol solide = solid propellant rocket 292

Rossite = guanylnitrourea (USA) rotational firing 276

Round Robin Test 276

RP-1 = kerosin type as fuel in liquid rocket motor systems

rubberlike propellant = polysulfide-, polyurethaneor Plastisolbonded W compostie propellants

Rückstoß = setback 282

russian method = fibre length evaluation by pulp sedimentation 223

Russkii Koktel = russian cocktail = potassium chlorate and nitrotoluene in glass containers; ignition by concentrated sulfuric acid

Russkii Splav = mixture of pricric acid and dinitronaphthalene

RX-05-AA = RDX/polystyrene/dioctylphthalate 90/8/2 (USA)

RX-09-AA = HMX/dinitropropylacrylate/ethyldinitropentanoate 93.7/5/0.6 (USA)

RX-04-AV = HMX/polyethylene 92/8 (USA)

RX-04-BY = HMX/FNR 86/14 (USA) RZ-04-AT = HMX/carborane-fluoro-

carbon polymer 88/12 (USA) RZ-04-Pl = HMX/Viton 80/20 (USA)

S

safe & arm 276

safety classes (of permitted explosives) 248

safety diaphragm 276

safety distance of buildings 138 safety fuse 271; 276

SAFEX INTERNATIONAL 277

Saint-Venant and Wantzel formula 149

Salpeter = salpetre; potassium nitrate 261

417	Index

Salpetersäure = nitric acid

salt pair (ion exchanged) permitted explosives 248

sand test 277

Sanshokitoruoru = TNT (Japan) 339 Sauerstoffträger = oxidizer 241 Sauerstoffwert; Sauerstoffbilanz 242 sautage à gran trou = large hole

blasting 195

sautage par grands fourneaus de mines = coyote blasting 65

SBA = slurry blasting agent (USA) scaled distance 278

Schießpulver = gun powder 168; 222

Schießwolle = underwater explosives consisting of TNT, hexanitrodiphenylamine and aluminum, now obsolete (german)

Schlagempfindlichkeit = impact sensitivity 185

Schlagwetter = firedamp 141; 248 Schneckenpresse = screw extruder

279

Schneiderit = mixture of AN and nitrocompounds, mostly dinitronaphthalene (french)

Schneidladungen = cutting charges 67; 283

schonendes Sprengen = smooth blasting

Schub = Thrust 338 Schubmessung = thrust determina-

tion 338

Schuttdichte = bulk density 42 Schutzwall = barricade 29 Schwaden = fumes 145 Schwarzpulver = black powder 35 Schwarzpulverzündschnüre = safety

fuses 276 Schwefel = sulfur 304 screw extruder 279

SD = double base propellant fabricated without solvents (french)

SDMH = symmetric dimethylhydrazine (USA)

SE = slurry explosive (USA) 289 secondary blasting 279 secondary explosives 279

Securit W Wetter-securit = permitted explosive (german) 370

Seismocord = detonating cord for seismic shoths (german) 280

seismic explosives; seismic gelatins 279

seismic shots 79; 279 Seismo-Gelit = gelatinous special

gelatin for seismic use 280 seismograph; seismometer 280 Seismopak; Seismoplast = special

explosives for seismic shots (german) 281

selective detonation 86

self forging fragment; SFF 284 Sekundärladung = base charge 31 semigelatin dynamites 281 Semtex 281

sensibilité 309

sensibilite´ à l’impact = impact sensitivity 185

sensibilié à l’impact projectiles = projectile impact sensitivity 268

sensibilité au chauffage = heat sensitivity 165

sensibilité au choc de détonateur = cap sensitivity 49

sensibilité au frottement = friction sensitivity 144

sensitivity 144; 165; 268; 282 Serienschaltung = series electric

blasting cap circuit 282 Serien-Parallel-Schaltung = series in

parallel electric balsting cap circuit 282

setback 282 SFF = EFP 284

S.G.P. = denomination of W permitted explosives in Belgium

S-H-process (RDX-synthesis) 68 shaped charge 42; 67; 283 sheathed explosives 284

shelf life (storage life) 114; 285 Shellite (UK) = Tridite (USA) = mix-

tures of picric acid and hexanitrodiphenylamide

Shimose = picric acid (Japan) 256 shock pass heat filter 89

shock wave 3; 80 ff.; 285 Shoeiyaku = PETN (Japan) 253 Shotoyaku = An/TNT 50/50 (Japan) Shouyaku-koshitsu = plastizised

RDX

Index	418

short delay blasting (W also: millisecond delay blasting) 217

shot anchor 285

shot firer, blaster 36; 285

SH-Salz = RDX fabricated by decomposing nitration according to

Schnurr-Henning 70 Sicherheitsabstands-Tabelle (USA)

138

Sicherheitszündschnüre = safety fuses 276

Silberacetylid 285 Silberazid 286 Silbercarbid 285 Silberfulminat 287 silver acetylide 285 silver azide 286 silver carbide 285

silvered vessel test 286 silver fulminate 287 single bases powders 287

SiNCO = gas generating propellant (german) 288

Sinoxid = non eroding primer composition (german) 288

SINTOX = lead free priming composition (german) 289

Sixolite = tetramethylolcyclohexanol pentanitrate 310

Sixonite = tetramethylolcyclohexanone tetranitrate 310

skid test 289

slotted mortar (test gallery) 250 slurries 10; 17; 36; 49; 117; 158;

195; 204; 214; 289 slurry casting 55

small arms ammunition primers 290 SN = sodium nitrate 291

snake hole 290

Sodatol = sodium nitrate/TNT 50/50 291

sodium chlorate 291

sodium chloride; salt 248; 249; 332 sodium hydrogen carbonate 329 sodium nitrate 63; 241; 242; 291;

329

sodium perchlorate 292

soft grain powder (black powder) 35; 292

Sohlenbohrloch = snake hole 290 solid propellant rocket 292

soluble gun cotton = nitrocellulose 12.2 % 223

solventless processing for propellants 158

Sorguyl = tetranitroglycolurile (french) 100

soufre 304 spacing 293

Spätzündung = hangfire 160 Spaltzünder = spark detonator 294 Span = sorbitane monooleate (USA) spark detonators 294

special effects 294

specific energy 294; 301; 319 specific impulse 295

spezifischer Sprengstoffverbrauch = explosive loading factor 132

spinner = spin stabilized rocket Splittertest = fragmentation test 142 Spränggrummi = blasting gelatin

(Norway)

Sprengbereich = blast area 36 Sprengels explosives = chlorate

explosives; mixed on site of use (other name: “Miedziankit”); now obsolete 296

Sprenggelatine = blasting gelatin 37 Sprengkapselempfindlichkeit = cap

sensitivity 49

Sprengkapseln = blasting caps; detonators 37

Sprengkraft = strength 300 Sprengluft-Verfahren W liquid oxygen

explosives 204

Sprengmeister = shot firer; blaster 36; 285

Sprengmittel = explosive materials 132

Sprengoel = nitroglycerine, nitroglycol and mixtures thereof 226; 229

Sprengupulver = black powder for blastings 31; 35

Sprengriegel = explosive bolt 132 Sprengsalpeter = B-black powder 31 Sprengschlamm = slurry 10; 17; 36;

49; 117; 158; 195; 204; 214; 289 Sprengschnur 79 Sprengstoff-Attrappen = Mock Explo-

sives 218 Sprengstoff-Ladegeräte = loading

devices

419	Index

Sprengstoff-Lager = magazine 209 Sprengstoff-Prüfstrecke = test gallery

249

Sprengzubehör = blasting accessories 36

Sprengzünder = blasting cap 37 springing 296

squib 43; 296

Stabilität; stabilité; stability 1; 32; 114; 158; 215; 282; 297; 365; 366

stabilizer 5; 10; 56; 57; 104; 111; 127; 158; 215; 298

stable detonation 85 Stärkenitrat = nitrostarch 235

Stahlhülsenverfahren = steel sleeve test (heat sensitivity) 166

standard combustion chamber 60 Standardization of tests: International

Study Group for the Standardization of the Methods of Testing Explosives Secretary: Dr. PerAnders Persson, Swedish Detonic Research Foundation, Box 32 058, S 12 611 Stockholm, Sweden 87

Start-Rakete = booster 40 state equation 85; 120

Stauchprobe = upsetting test 362 Steinflug = fly rock 142

steel sleeve test 165 stemming 64; 299

Stickstofftetroxid = nitrogen tetroxide 204

Stirnabbrand = face burning 58; 140 Stoppine = quick-match; cambric 272 storage of explosives 138; 139; 299 Stoßgriffmaschinen = blasting

machines wiht impact knob 37 Stoßtränkungssprengen = pulsed

infusion shotfiring 270 Stoßwelle = shock wave 80 straight dynamites 27 strands 66

stray current protection 299 strength 27; 197; 294; 300 Streustromsicherheit = stray current

protection 299 strontium nitrate 303

styphnic acid = trinitroresorcinol 303; 330

styphnyldichloride = dichloro- 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene

sulfur 35; 242; 304

Supercord = detonating fuse with ca. 40 g/m PETN (german) 305

superconic propagation W shock wave; detonation 80 ff.

T

T4 = RDX (Italy) 68

T 4 plastico = RDX plastizised with 17,3 % diglycol dinitrate or with 11 % petroleum (Italy)

T-Stoff = concentrated hydrogen peroxide (german)

TA = triacetine 164

Tacot = tetranitrodibenzole-trazapen- talente 307

tableau des distances de sécurite: W table 13, page 138

TAGN = triaminoguanidine nitrate 343 talc 331

Taliani test 308

tamping = stemming 299, 308 tamping pole 308

Tanoyaku = mixtures of RDX, TNT and Tetryl (Japan)

TAT = 1,3,5,7-tetracetyl-1,3,5,7-octa- hydroazocine, precursor-product for the W Octogensynthesis 240 TATB = triaminotrinitrobenzene 344 TATNB = triazidotrinitrobenzene 345

TAX = acethylhexahydrodinitrotriazine (USA)

TDI = toluene diisocyanate 342 TEDFO = bis-(trinitroethyl)-difluor-

formal

TEGMN = triethyleneglycolmononitrate

TEGN = triethyleneglycoldinitrate 346 temperature coefficient W burning

rate 45

température de décomposition; température d’inflammation = deflagration point 75

température d’explosion = explosion temperature 131

TEN = PETN (russian) 253 TeNA = tetranitroaniline 310 TeNAns = tetranitroanisol

TeNAzxB = tetranitroazoxybenzene

Index	420

TeNB = tetranitrobenzene TeNBPh = tetranitrodiphenylamine TeNBu = tetranitrobutane

TeNCB = tetranitrochlorobenzene TeNCbl = tetranitrocarbanilide TeNCbz = tetranitrocarbazol 311 TeNDG = tetranitrodiglycerine 98 TeNDMBDNA = tetranitrodimethyl-

benzidinedinitramine

TeNDPhETa = tetranitrophenylethane TeNDPhEtla = tetranitrodiphenyletha-

nolamine

TeNHzB = tetranitrohydrazobenzene TeNMA = tetranitromethylaniline

(Tetryl) 314

TeNMe = tetranitromethane 311 TeNN = tetranitronaphthalene 312 TeNOx = tetranitrooxanilide TeNPhMNA = tetranitrophenylmethyl-

nitramine

TeNT = tetranitrotoluene

TeNTMB = 3,5',5'-tetranitro-4,4'-tetra- methyldiaminobiphenyl (USA)

TePhUR = tetraphenylurea (USA) Territ = plastic explosive consisting of

nitroglycerine, APC, DNT, TNT, SN and nitrocellulose (Sweden)

test cap 309

test préliminaire = prequalification test 265

testing galleries 249

Tetralit = Tetryl (german) 31

Tetralita = Tetryl (italian, spanish) 314 tetramethylammonium nitrate 309 tetramethylenetetranitramine = Octo-

gen; HMX 134; 144; 207; 239; 255; 329

tetramethylolcyclohexanol pentanitrate = Hexolite 310

tetramethylolcyclohexanone tetranitrate = Hexonite 310

tetramethylolcyclopentanol pentanitrate = Fivolite 310

tetramethylolcyclopentanone tetranitrate = Fivonite 310

tétranitrate de diglycérine 98 tétranitrate d’erythrile 123 tétranitrate de tétraméthylolpenta-

none 309

tétranitrate de pentaérythrite = PETN 253

tetranitroaniline 310 tetranitrocarbazol 311 tetranitrodibenzotetrazapentalene =

Tacot 307 tetranitrodiglycerol 98 tetranitroerythritol 123 tetranitroglycolurile 100

tetranitromethylaniline = Tetryl 314 tetranitromethane 204; 311; 330 tetranitronaphthalene

Tetrasin = tetrazene (russian) 313 Tetratetryl = tetra-(trinitrophenylnitra-

minoethyl)methane (USA) tetrazene 135; 144; 188; 202; 288;

289, 313 tetrazolylguanyltetrazene hydrate =

tetrazene 313

Tetril = Tetryl (russian) 314 Tetritol-Cyclonite = Tetryl/TNT/RDX

11.7/16.4/71.9 (russian)

Tetroxyl = trinitrophenylmethoxynitramine (USA)

Tetryl 37; 134; 167; 188; 199; 314; 330

Tetrytol = mixture Tetryl/TNT 315 TFENA = trifluoroethylnitramine TG = thermogravimetry 98

TG = Trotil-Gheksogen = TNT/RDX mixtures (russian)

théorie hydrodynamique de la détonation = thermohydrodynamic theory of detonation 80 ff.

thermic differential analysis 98 thermische Sensibilität = heat sensi-

tivity 165 thermites 315

thermodynamic calculation of decomposition reactions of industrial explosives, gun powders, rocket propellants, tables 315 ff.

thermogravimetry 98 thermohydrodynamic theory of deto-

nation 80 ff.

Thional = pentanitrodiphenylsulfon (USA)

thrust 293; 338

tir à microretard = millisecond delay blasting 217

tir d’impregnation = pulsed infusion shotfiring 270

tir primaire = primary blast 267

421	Index

tir sou pression d’eau = underwater detonation 360

TLP = Treibladungspulver = gun propellant; the following suffix (e. g., TLP/A) indicates;

A-E = single base powder A: nitrocellulose powder D: DNT added

F-M = double base powders

F = nitrocellulose nitroglycerine

G = nitrocellulose-diglycol dinitrate K = ball powder

N-P = triple base powders

V-W = porous powders (german) TMEMT = trimethylenetrinitrosamine

71

TNA trinitroaniline 349 TNAmPH = trinitroaminophenol TNAZ = Trinitroazetidin 330; 350 TNnd = trinitroanilide

TNAns = trinitroanisole 349 TNB = trinitrobenzene 351 TNBA = trinitrobenzaldehyde

TNBAc = trinitrobenzoic acid 352 TNBxN = trinitrobenzol nitrate TNC = tetranitrocarbazol 311 TNCB = trinitrochlorobenzene 353 TNCrs = trinitrocresol 354 TNDCB = trinitrodichlorobenzene TNDMA = trinitrodimenthylaniline TNDPhA = trinitrodiphenylamine TNEB = trinitroethylbenzene

TNEDV = trinitroethyldinitrovalerate TNETB = 2,2,2-trinitroethyl-4,4,4,-tri-

nitrobutyrate

TNG = trinitroglycerine 226 TNM = tetranitromethane 311 TNMA = trinitromethylaniline TNMeL = trinitromelamine TNMes = trinitromesitylene TNM = trinitronaphthalene 356 TNPE = PETN (spanish) 253 TNO = tetranitrooxanilide

TNPh = trinitrophenol = picric acid 256

TNPhBuNA = trinitrophenylbutylnitramine

TNPhDA = trinitrophenylendiamine TNPhENA = trinitrophenylethyl-nitra-

mine 128

TNPhIGI = trinitrophloroglucine

TNPhMNA = trinitrophenylmethylnitramine = Tetryl 314

TNPhMNAPh = trinitrophenyl-methyl- nitraminophenol

TNPht = trinitrophenetol 128 TNPy = trinitropyridine 358 TNPyOx = trinitropyridine-1-oxide

358

TNR = trinitroresorcine (styphnic acid) 303

TNRS = lead styphnate 202 TNStl = trinitrostilbene

TNT = trinitrotoluene 16; 27; 55; 62; 71; 116; 117; 134; 164; 167; 188; 217; 241; 256; 291; 330; 339; 342; 343

TNTAB = trinitrotriazidobenzene 345

TNTClB = trinitrochlorobenzene 353 TNTMNA = trinitrotolylmethyl-nitra-

mine

TNX = trinitroxylene 359 toe 342

TOFLOX = solution of ozonefluoride in liquid oxygen

Tolita = TNT (spanish) 339 Tolite = TNT (french)

Tolite/D = TNT, solidification point 80.6 °C = 177.1 °F

Tolite/M = the same, 78 °C = 172.4 °F

Tolite/O = 79 °C = 174.2 °F

Tolite/T = 80.1 °C = 176.2 °F (french) totuylene diisocyanate 135; 342 Tonka = aniline and dimethylaniline

as liquid rocket fuel together with nitric acid as oxidator (german)

Torpex = mixture of RDX, TNT and aluminum 11; 70; 342

Totalit = AN with ca. 6 % paraffin (swiss)

toxic fumes 8; 145

TPEON = tripentaerythroloctanitrate tracers 342

traitement des métaux par explosion 131

traitement de surface = surface treatment 305

transmission of detonation W detonation, sympathetic detonation; gap test 87; 148

Index	422

transport regulations W ADR (road) 3

W RID (rail) 273

W IATA (air) 183

W IMDG (shipping) 185 transport par injection d’eau 368 Tauzl test W lead block test 197 Treibstoff = propellant 268 triacetin 164

Triacetonperoxid; triacétoneperoxide 252; 346

Trialen = mixture of RDX, TNT and aluminum (german) 11; 70; 343

triaminoguanidine nitrate 6; 207; 330;

343

triaminotrinitrobenzene 330; 344 triazide cyanurique 68 triazidotrinitrobenzene 345 Tribride = 3-component rocket sys-

tem, e. g., metal fuels suspended in liquid fuels and oxidators (USA)

Tricinat = salt of styphnic acid (german)

tricycloacetone peroxide 252; 346 Triergol = same as Tribride triethyleneglycol 347 triethyleneglycol dinitrate = Triglykol-

dinitrat (german) 164, 346 Trilita = TNT (spanish) 339 trimethylamine nitrate 330; 347 trimethyleneglycol dinitrate 348 trimethylenetrinitrosamine 71 trimethylenetrinitramine = RDX =

Cyclonite 68 trimethylolethylmethane trinitrate 124 trimethylolnitromethane trinitrate 232 trimethylolpropane trinitrate 124 Trinal = trinitronaphthalene 356 trinitrate de butanetriol 48

trinitrate de glycérine 226

trinitrate de nitroisobutylglycérine 232 trinitrate de pentaérythrite 246 trinirate de triméthyloléthylméthane

124

trinitrate de triméthylolméthylméthane 216

Trinitril = glyceroltrinitrophenylether dinitrate

trinitroaniline 199; 349 trinitroanisole 349 Trinitroazetidin 330; 350

trinitrobenzene 330; 351 trinitrobenzoic acid 352 trinitrochlorobenzene 102; 330; 353 trinitrocresol 354 trinitrodioxybenzene 303 trinitroethylalcohol 35 trinitrometacresol 354 trinitrometaxylene 359 trinitromethane 355 trinitronaphthalene 356 trinitrophenetol 128

trinitrophenol; picric acid 167; 199; 256; 329

trinitrophenoxy-ethyl nitrate 356 trinitrophenylethylnitramine = ethylte-

tryl 128 Trinitrophenylglycerinetherdinitrat 153 Trinitrophenylglykolethernitrat 356 trinitrophenylmethylaniline = Tetryl

314

trinitrophenylmethylether = trinitroanisol 349

trinitrophenylmethylnitramine = Tetryl 37; 134; 144; 167; 188; 199; 242; 314; 330

trinitrophenylnitramino ethylnitrate 357

trinitropyridine 330; 358 trinitropyridine-N-oxide 330; 358 trinitrorésorcinate de plomb 202 trinitroresorcinol = styphnic acid 303;

330 trinitrosotrimethylenetriamine 77

trinitrotoluene = TNT 16; 27; 55; 62; 71; 116; 117; 134; 164; 167; 188; 217; 241; 256; 291; 330; 339; 342; 343

trinitroxylene 359

Trinol = trinitroanisol 349

Triogen = trimethylenetrinitrosamine (USA) 77

triple base propellants 158 Trisol = trinitroanisol 349

Tritonal = mixture of RDX, TNT and aluminum (german) 11; 359

Trixogen = mixture of RDX and TNT (german) 360

Trizin = trinitroresorcinol (german) 303

Trojel = slurry blasting agent Trotyl = TNT (german) 339

423	Index

trunkline (of detonating cord) 80 tuyère = nozzle 239

U

U = bridgewirde detonator U (unsensitive), (german) 41

UDMH = unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (USA) 99

Übertragung = sympathetic detonation 87; 142

ullage 360

ummantelte Sprengstoffe = sheathed explosives 284

unbarricated 360

unconfined detonation velocity 90; 360

undersonic propagation (= deflagration) 45; 75

underwater detonations 21; 360 underwater explosives W DBX; W Tor-

pex 74; 342; 360 Unterwasserzünder = water resistant

detonator 369 upsetting tests 42; 362 urea nitrate 199; 330; 346 urethane W stabilizer 298 US Bureau of Mines 364

V

vacuum test 61; 365 vaseline 255

velocite de combustion = burning rate 45

Veltex = mixture of HMX, nitrocellulose, nitroglycerine, nitrodiphenylamine and triacetine 365

Verbrennung = combustion 60 Verbrennungswärme = heat of com-

bustion 161

Verbundtreibsätze = composite propellants 61

verdämmen = stemming 299 Vernichten von Explosivstoffen =

destruction of explosive materials 77

Verpfuffungspunkt = deflagration point 75

Versager = misfire 218 Verstärkungsladung = booster 40 Versuchsstrecken = test galleries 249 Verträglichkeit = compatibility 61 Verzögerungszünder = delay fuze 76 vessel mortar test 301

Viatra = Inert stemming cartridge (swiss)

Vibrometer 366 Vieille Test 179; 366 Virial equation 120

viscosity of nitrocellulose 224

Visol; Visol-1; -4; -6 = vinylethylether and mixtures with isopropylalcohol and vinylbutylether; liquid rocket fuel (german)

Vistac No 1 = low molecular weight polybutane (USA)

vitesse de combustion = burning rate 23; 45; 123

vitesse de détonation = detonation velocity 42; 74; 77; 90

vitesse moyenne de combustion = average burning rate 23

Viton A = perfluoropropylene-vinyl- idine fluoride copolymer

vivacity factor 46

VNP = polyvinyl nitrate (USA) 261 volume of explosiongases 367 volume strength 42; 319; 367 Vorgabe = burden 44

vorkesseln = springing 296 vorspalten = pre-splitting 265

VV = Vzryvchatoiye veschestvo = explosive (russian)

W

W I; W II; W III = permitted explosives belonging to the german safety classes I, II and III 370

warm storage tests; Warmlagerteste W hot storage tests 179

Wasacord = detonating fuse (german) 367

Wasserbesatz = water stemming 369 water driven injector transport of

nitroglycerine 368 water 330; 331

water gels 10; 289; 368

Index	424

water hammer; water jet 362 water infusion blasting 362 water resistance 368

water resistant detonator 369 water stemming 369

web 369

Weichkornpulver = soft grain black powder 35; 292

weight strength W relative weight strength 26; 37; 300; 369

Wetter- = german prefix given to all trade name of permitted explosives 370

Wetter-Sprengstoffe = permittet explosives 248; 370

Wetter-Carbonit C; Wetter-Devinit A; Wetter-Energit B; Wetter-Roburit B; Wetter-Securit C; Wetter-Permit B = permitted explosives (german) 370

WFNA; WFN = white fuming nitric acid (UK)

WhC = white compound = 1.9-dicar- boxy 2,4,6,8-tetranitrophenazin- N-oxide (USA)

wood dust 330 Wood’s metal 75

W-Salz = RDX according Wolfram (german) 70

X

X-310 A = igniter for mild detonating fuse (USA)

X-Ray-Flash 370

X-Stoff = tetranitromethane (german) 311

Xilit = trinitroxylene (russian) 359 XTX = RDX coated with Sylgard, a

silicon resin

Xyloidine = nitrostarch 235

Y

Yonkite = industrial explosive (Belgium)

Yuenyaku = black powder (Japan) 35

Z

Zazhigateinaya = Molotow-cocktail (russian)

Zeitzünder W bridgewire detonators 41

Zentralit W Centralite 56; 57

Zhirov = mixtures of tetryl with APC or potassium perchlorate (russian)

Zigarettenabbrand = face burning 140

zinc peroxide 289; 371

Z-Salz; Z-Stoff C; Z-Stoff N = permanganates for decomposition catalysis of hydrogen peroxide

Zuckernitrat 235 Zündabzweigung = downline Zündanlage = ignition system 184 Zündblättche W amorces 19 Zünder = fuze 147

Zünder, elektrische W bridgewire detonators 41

Zünderdrähte = leg wires 203 Zündhütchen = amorce 19 Zündimpuls = electric pulse for

bridgewire detonators 41 Zündkabel = firing line 141; 203 Zündkreis = circuit 58; 282 Zündkreisprüfer = circuit tester 58 Zündladung = primer charge 267 Zündmaschine = blasting machine

37

Zündpille = squib 296 Zündschalter = blasting switch 38 Zündschnur = safety fuse 271, 276 Zündschraube = fuze head 148 Zündsicherung = igniter safety

mechanism 184

Zündstrom = firing current 141 Zündung = initiation 191 Zündverzug = functioning time 77;

147

Zündwilligkeit = ignitibility 184 Zustandsgleichung = equation of

state 85; 120

zweibasige Pulver = double base propellants 114

	, Fifth Edition Rudolf Meyer, Josef Köhler, Axel Homburg
1

Abel Test

In this test, which was proposed by Abel in 1875, the parameter determined is the time after which a moist potassium iodide starch paper turns violet or blue when exposed to gases evolved by one gram of the explosive at 180°F (82.2 °C).

In commercial nitroclycerine explosives, for example, this coloration only develops after 10 minutes or more. In a more sensitive variant of the method, Zinc iodide – starch paper is employed.

The Abel test is still used in quality control of commercial nitrocellulose, nitroclycerine and nitroglycol, but is currently no longer employed in stability testing of propellants.

Acceptor*)

Empfängerladung; charge r´eceptrice

A charge of explosives or blasting agent receiving an impulse from an exploding W Donor charge.

Acremite

This is the name given by the U.S. inventor Acre to his mixture of about 94 % ammonium nitrate with 6 % fuel oil. This mixture was at first prepared in a primitive manner by the users themselves to obtain a very cheap explosive for open pit mining under dry conditions. As W ANFO the material has widely displaced the conventional cartridged explosives.

Active Binders

Aktive Binder

In the realm of modern, nitric-ester-free W LOVA Gun Propellants, the widely used inert binders consume energy and to some extend have an undesirably high overall phlegmatizing effect on the explosive material. The high filler content of an explosive substance has a detrimental effect on the mechanical strength of this type of propellant.

An active binder would be a preferable alternative if it combined a high energy content with favorable mechanical properties, together with a thermal stability higher than that of W Nitrocellulose or of W Polyvinyl Nitrate while remaining relatively uncomplicated to process. At pre-

* Text quoted from glossary.