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HHJKEHEPHAH rPA<l>HKA. PA31,EMHLIE H HEPA3'LEMHI,JE COE.Z.HHEHHH: MeTO.LIHlfeCKHe yKa3aHHll / CaHKT•IleTep6yprCKHll rocy,llapCTBCHHblll ropHblll HHCTHTYT (TeXHHl.feCKHll yu11eepc11TeT). CocT.: C.C.I'aJ1yutKUH,
10.A.:Jucm, H.E.Eo6uH,/(.E.JlyHe«. CD6, 2008. 21 c.
B MCTO.llHlfeCKHX YKa3aHltllX ,llaHl,1 peKOMCH,llaUHH no BbmOnHeHHIO Kypcoeon pa60Tbl «Pa:n.eMHble H uepa3'beMHble COe,llHHeHHll» Ha npHMepe c6opO'IHOfOlfCpTe)f(a npHBO.llHOro 6apa6aua neHTOlfHOro KOHBeiiepa, a TaK)f(e npHBO,llllTCll cee,lleHHll no npoeK'rnpoeamnoHeKOTOpbIX )'3noepa:n.eMHbIX H uepa:n.eMHbIX coe.L111Heu11ll. B npHJIO)f(eHHH npe,llCTaeneHbI eapHaHTbI 38,ll,aHHj;j, nepe'!eHbH3,llenHll, BXO,lllll.LlHX B l.fepTe)f( c6opO'IHOlle,llHHHUbl, npHMep BblnOnHeHHll c6opO'IHOfOqepre)f(a H uarnll,llHOe TpeXMepuoe 11306pa)f(e1rne npHBO.llHOro 6apa6aua e pa3pe3e.
MeTO,llHlfeCKHe YKaJaHHll npe.llHa3HalfeHbl .llJlll CTy,lleHTOB cneUHMbHOCTell 080500 «MeHe,ll)f(MeHTI>, 080507 «MeHe,ll)f(MeHT oprau113au1111», 280102 «Ee3onacuoCTb TexuononNecKHX npoueccoe 11 npoH3BO.llCTB», 280202 «lilH)f(eHepua,i Ja- l.LlHTa 0Kpy)f(ru01uen cpe,llbI».
Ta6n. 6. Hn. 10. E116n11orp.: 4 Ha3B.
HaylfHbill pe,llartop npo<j>. C.Jl.Jf«aHo«
© CaHKT-IleTep6yprcK11j;j ropub1j;j HHCTHTYT HM. r.B.Dnexauoea, 2008
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BBE~EHHE
KypcoBasI pa6oTa "Pa:n,eMHbie H Hepa:n,eMHble COCAHHeHmI" BXO)J;HT a KOMIIJICKC rpaqmqe-
_CKH~J'.~!_6_oT,Bl>IIIOJIHHCMl>IX CTYACHTaMH no Kypcy "MmKeHepHasI rpaqmKa".
0CHOBHOH uerr1,10 BbIIIOJIHeHHH KypCOBOH pa60TJ,I HBJIHeTCH rrpHo6peTeHHe cTyAeHTaMH HaBblKOB a BbIIIOJIHeHHH H ocpopMrreHHH c6opo'IIHl>IXqepTe)KeH H COCTaBJICHHH Ha HHX crrea;Hq>HKaUHH, a TaK)Ke 3HaKOMCTB0 C rrpoeKTHpoaaHHeM, H306pa)KeHHeM H o603Ha'lieHHeM HeIIO)J;BH)KHJ,IX
coeAHHeHHH ,neTarreH MamHH Ha 11epTe)Kax.
IKHerroABH)KHI>IM coeAHHeHHHM OTHOCHTCH Hepa.31,eMH1>1e H pa.31,eMH1>1e coe)J;HHeHHH.
\ H~pa:n,eMHhie coeuuuemra 11eTanei1 - coe.D.HHeHHR, npn KOTop1,1x O.D.Ha )leTanh He MO)KeT 6bITh oT-
.n.eneHa OT .n.pyroH 6e3 HapyrneHHjf cpopMbl XOTR 6hI O)lHOH H3 HHX HJIH coe)lHHRJOI.Qero HX :meMeHTa. K TaKHM coe)lHHeHHjfM OTHOCRTCR_ 3aKJieII~1IHbie, ceae_Hbl~ naRHb!e_~eeewe H .!JP_,_
Pa.3beMHbie COeAHHeHHH .neTarreii - COeAHHeHHH, a KOTOpbIX O)J;Ha .n;eTaJIJ, MO)KeT 6blTJ, OT-
.n;erreHa OT .npyroH 6e3 HapymeHHH HX cpopMbl HJIH coe.n1rnHIOmero HX 3JieMeHTa. Pa.3JIH'liaIOTABa
CJieAYJOIUHX BH)J;a pa.3'beMHblXcoe,ll;HHeHHH;
1. HeIIOABH)I(Hbie pa.3'beMHbiecoe)J;HHeHHH .n;eTarreii - COeAHHeHH.sI, a KOTOpblX )J;eTarrH He
MOryT rrepeMemaTJ,C.sI o.n;Ha OTHO'JITeJibHO.upyroii.
2. Ilo.n;BH)KHJ,Ie pa.31,eMHI>Ie coe.n;1rneHH.sI .n;eTarreii. - coe)lHHeHH.sI, B KOTOpbIX OAHa .n;eTaJIJ, MO)KeT rrepeMemaTE,C.sI OTHOCHTeJibHO .n;pyroii•.
K HeIIOABH)I(HhIM pa.3'bCMHhIM coe,UHHCHH.sIM OTHOC.sITC.sI pe31,60Bble coe,iwHeHH.sI, T.e. coCAHHCHH.sl ~eTarreH rrpH IIOMOmH pe31,60BbIX H3ACJIHii: 60JITOB, BHHTOB, IIIIIHJieK, raeK H T.,ll;.;
illIIOHO'IIHbieH mm1ueBbie coe.n;HHCHH.sI, r.n;e TaKHe AeTaJIH KaK Barr, 3y6qaToe KOJieco HJIH illKHB coe.n;HHCHJ,I .npyr C .n;pyroM rrocpe,ll;CTBOM illIIOHOK HJIH IIIJIHUOB; illTHq>TOBbie coe.n;HHeHHH, rrpe,ll;Ha.3Ha'lieHHbie)J;JIH TO'IIHOroB3aHMHOro q>HKCHpOBaHH.sI ,ueTarreii: .npyr OTHOCHTeJibHO .upyra.
IlOABH)I(Hbie pa.3'beMHbiecoe.n;HHeHH.sI B AaHHOM 3aAaHHH He paccMaTpHBalOTC.sI,
Ha qePTe)KaX HCIIOJih3YJOTC.sI pa.3JIH'IIHbieH306pa)KeHH.sI coe,UHHeHHH AeTarreH: IIOJIHbie, yrrpomeHHI>Ie H ycrrOBHbie, a B pH.n;e crryqaeB rrpHMeHHIOTC.sI H )J;OIIOJIHHTCJibHble ycrrOBHbie o603HaqeHHH, HanpHMep .nrr.s1 o6o3Ha11eHHH pe31>6:E,1, CBapKH, IlaHKH HT.):(.
B1,morrHeHH.sI 3a,naHH.sI Tpe6yeT 3HaHH.sI crre.n;YJOmHx fOCToa: 2.301-68, "<I>opMaT1>1", 2.30268 "MacmTa61:.1", 2.303-68 "flHHHH", 2.304-81 "llipHq>Tl:.I qepTC)I(Hble", 2.305-68, "J1306pa)KeHH.sI, BH.ZJ;bI, pa.3pe31>1, ceqeHH.sI", 2.306-68 "06o3HaqeHH.sI rpaq>H'lleCKHeMaTep.Harroa H npaa1ma HX HaHeceHHH Ha qepTe)KaX", 2.307-68 "HaHeceHHe pa3MepOB H rrpe.n;eJibHbIX OTKJIOHeHHH11 , 2.311-68
"J.fao6pa)KeHHe pe31,fa1", 2.315-68 "YrrpomeHHOe H ycrrOBHOe H306pa)KeHHe Kpene)KHJ,IX H3,ll;eJIHH11 •
1. CO~EP'.>KAHHE 3A,ll;AHHR
3a,naHHe rrpe.n:cTaarr.s1eT co6oii: c6opo'IIH1>1iiqepTe)K npHBOAHOro 6apa6aHa rreHToqHoro KOH-
aeiiepa.
C6opO''IHbIHqepTe)K - )lOKyMeHT, co.nep)KaJUHH H306pa)KCHHe c6opo'11HOHe,AHHHIU,I B )J;OCTaTQqHOM KOJIH11CCTBe BHAOB C rrpHMeHeHHeM Heo6XO)J;HMl>IX pa.3p_~30B, ceqeHHH, BbIHOCHbIX 3JieMeHTOB H ,n;pyrn:x .naHH1>1x, Heo6xo,n;HMI>IX ,n;M ee c6opKH, H3roroarreHHH H KOHTpOM. C6opoqH1,m qepTe)K ( corrracHo fOCT 2.102-68) .sIBJIHeTC.sI 06.s13aTeJibHI>IM rrpH c.n:aqe TeXHHqecKoii AOKYMeHTa- I.J;HH Ha H3,ll;eJIHe.
C6opoqHJ,IH 11epTe)K, B COOTBeTCTBHH c Tpe6oBaHH.sIMH fOCT 2.109-73, )J;OJI)KCH co.n;ep)KaTb CJie,D;YJOIUHe 3JieMeHTbI:
a) H306pa)KeHHe c6opo11HOH e,ll;HHHUbI, )J;aIOIUee npe,ll;CTaBJICHHe O pacnoJIO)KeHHH H B3aHMHOH CB.s13H COCTaBHbIX qacTeii;
6) pa.3Mep1>1, rrpe,n;eJihHbie OTKJIOHeHH.sI H ,n;pyrHe rrapaMeTpbl H Tpe6oaamrn, KOTOpbie ,[(OJDKHl:,I 61>ITJ, BbIIIOJIHCHbl HJIH rrpOKOHTpOJIHpOBaHbl a c6opO'lHOHe,n;HHHUe; •
B)YKa.JaHH.sI O BhIIIOJIHeHHH Hepa.31,eMHbIX coe,n.HHeHHH, eCJIH TO'lHOCTh)J;OCTHraeTCH npHroHICOH HJIH no.n;6opoM;
r)HOMepa II03HI.J;HH COCTaBHJ,IX qacTeH, BXO)J;.simHx B )J;aHHOe H3AeJIHe;
A)ra6ap.HTHhie, ycTaHOB011Hl>Ie, npHCOeAHHHTeJIJ,HI,Ie H .n;pyrne cnpaBOtIHbie pa.3Mep1>1;
e)TeXHH'lleCKYJOxapaKTepHCTHKY H3)J;eJIH.sI (Macca, 11HCJIO o6opOTOB, MOIUHOCTJ, H np.).
4
no BbIIlOJIHeHHOMY c6opo1IHOMY qepTeiKy COCTaBIDieTCSI crreumpHKaUIDI B COOTBeTCTBHH C fOCT 2.108-68. CrreumpHKaUHSI rrpe.n.cTaBIDieT co6oii TeKCTOBOH KOHCTpYKTopcKHH .D.OKYMeHT, J orrpe.n.eIDIIOmHH COCTaB c6opotIHOH e)J,HHHUbI, KOMIIJieKca HJIH KOMIIJieKTa n Heo6XO)J,HMOH )J,IDI KOMIIJieKTOBaHHSI H H3fOTOBJieHHSI KOHCTpYKTOpCKHX )J,OKyMeHTOB, IIJiaHHpOBaHHSI H 3arrycKa H3)J,e-
JIHH B1IpOH3B~ .
L~~-==--==---K."YJ)'e'oBaSIpa6oTa cocTOHT H3 110.sicHHTeJI1>Hoii 3arrHCKH H rpa<pH1IeCKOH qacTH (qepTeiKeii).
2. BLIIlOJIHEHHE IlO.HCHHTEJILHOH 3AIIHCKH .
. TiosJCHHTeJibHaSI 3aIIHCKa Bl>IIIOJIHSieTC.8: Ha JIHCTax 6yMam cpopMaTa A4 H rrpe.n.cTaBJISieTCSI B 3JieKTpOHHOM BapHaHTe. 0Ha BKmoqaeT B ce6SI c11e.n.yromHe pa3.n.e111,1:
1 - nuym,Hl>IH JIHCT, 2 - 3a)J,aHHe Ha Kypcoayro pa6oTy, 3 - OIIHCaHHe KOHCTpYKUHH npHBO.ztHoro 6apa6aHa, 4 - a1,16op KOHCTpYKTHBHl>IX rrapaMeTpOB CTaH.n.apTHbIX H3n'eJIHH,BXOnSJmHx B c6opo'[rnyroe)J.HHHUY, 5 - OIIHCaHHe rrocne.n.oaaTeJibHOCTH TeXHOJIOrH1IeCKHX orrepaUHH rrpH c6opKe rrpHBO)J,HOrO 6apa6aHa
THTYJil>Hl>IH JIHCT H 38naHHe Ha Kypcoayro pa6ozy rrpe,ncTaBJieHbI B [ 1].
--...--=apa6aH ycTaHaBJIHBaeTCSI Ha rrpHBO)J,HOH fOJIOBKe neHT01lllOro KOHBeiiepa n CJIYiKHT )J,JISI a30BaHHSI apamaTeJil>HOro )J,BHiKeHHSI B IlOCTYIIaTeJibHOe ,nBHiKeHHe KOHBeiiepHOH JieHTI,I.
OHCTpYKUHjl rrpHBO)J,HOro 6apa6aHa (rrpHJIOiKeHHe 1) COCTOHT H3 o6eqaiiKH 1 (UHJIHHnP c BBapeHHl>IMH B Hero KOJibUaMH). K KOJII,UaM o6eqaiiKH 6apa6aHa KpeIISITCSI Topuea1,1e CTeHKH 3, co- e.n.HHeHHbie co CTYilHUaMH 4 3aKJieIIKaMH 17. JleBaSI TopueBaSI CTeHKa KpeIIHTCSI IIpH IIOMOmH 6011TOBOro coe)J,HHeHHSI, COCTOSimero H3 6011Ta 5, rrpope3HOH raHKH 6, maii61,1 10 H lµIIJIHHTa 13. TipaBaSI mptieaaSI CTeHKa KperiHTCSI rrpH IIOMOmH illlIHJie'CJHOfOcoe)J,HHeHHSI, COCTOSimero H3 mIIHJihKH 12. rrpyiHHHOH maii61,1 11 H raHKH 7. _(I>HKCHpoBaHHe mpueBbIX CTeHOK 3 OTHOCHTeJII,HO ueHTpaJibHOH OCH 6apa6aHa ocymecTBJISieTCjl KOHH'CJeCKHMH 15 (neBaSI CTeHKa) H UHmrn.n.pH'CJeCKHMH 16 (rrpaBaSI CTeHKa) IIITH<pTaMH. CTyrrHUbl 6apa6aHa HaCaiKeHbl·Ha BaJI 2 H coe)J,HHIDOTCSI c HHM rrpH3MaTH'CJeCKHMHmIIOHKaMH 14. OceBoe rrepeMemeHHe 6apa6aHa OTHOCHTeJibHO BaJia 2 <pHKCHpyeTCSI raHKOH 8. Me~y raHKOH 8 H CTyrrHueii 4 rrpoJIOiKeHa CTOIIOpHaR maii6a 9.
,llanee B rrogeHHTeJIJ,HOH 3aIIHeKe rrpHBO)J.HTeSI paeqeT KOHeTpyKTHBHblX rrapaMeTpOB eTaH-
.n.apTHhIX H3)J,eJIHH, npe.n.eTaBJieHHblX B Ta6JIHue 1.
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Ta611Hua 1 |
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CTaH.n.apTHbie H3.i:.eJIHH, Bxo.i:.HIQHe B c6opo'IIHblHqepTeiK |
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bOJIT ,;. |
faiiKa rrpope3HaSI |
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lliaii6a |
IIIrrmrnT |
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fOCT 7798-7-0·;Herr. 2 fOCT 5918-73; Men. l |
fOCT 11371-78.; Mcrr.2 |
fOCT 397-79. |
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Il03. 5 |
Tio3. 6 |
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Tio3. 10 |
Tio3. 13 |
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lliIIHJibKa |
lliau6a IIOV)t(HHHaR |
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faiiKa |
3aKrrerrKa |
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fOCT 22032-76. |
fOCT 6402-70·;Herr. 1 |
fOCT 5915-70·;Men. 1 |
fOCT 10299-80 |
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Tio3. 12 |
TI03. 11 |
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Tio3. 7 |
Tio3. 17 |
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IIIrroHKa |
lliTH<pT |
IIIm<pT |
faiiKa |
lliaii6a |
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KOHH'CJeeKHH |
UHJIHH.lJ.PH'CJeeKHH |
mm1ueBaSI |
CTOIIOPHaSI |
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fOCT 23360-78.; |
fOCT 3129-70.; |
fOCT 3128-70"; |
fOCT 11871-80* |
fOCT 11872-80 |
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Men. 1 |
THn 1 |
Ten. 2 |
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Ilo3. 14 |
Ilo3. 16 |
TI03. 15 |
Ilo3. 8 |
TI03. 9 |
HoMepa II03HUHH B Ta6rr. l eooTBeTeTByIOT HOMepaM II03HUHH B IlpHJIO:>KeHHSIX 1 H 7.
B KOHeTpYKUHH rrpHBO)J,HOfO 6apa6aHa rrpe.n.eTaBJieHI,I err~.n.yromHe eoemrneHHR: 60JITOBOe, illIIHJieqHoe, 3aKJieIIO'CJHOe;illTH<pTOBOe (UHJIHH.D.pHlleCKOe H KOHHqeeKoe), mrroHOtIHOe. HHiKe npHBO)J,HTes paeqeT KOHCTpYKTHBHI,IX napaMeTpO~ 3JieMeHTOB 3THX eoe)J,HHeHHH.
5
Eo11m0Boe coeouHeHue
B 6oJITOBoe coe.n;1meHHe (puc. l) :exo,rv1T c11e.n;yromue cTaH,n;apTHble 311eMeHTL1: 6011T (fOCT |
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• |
(fOCT |
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7798-70; Mcn.2), npope3HWI nmKa (fOCT 5918-73;11:cn.l), maii6a |
11371-78 ; Mcn.2) H |
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mnJIHHT (fOCT 397-79•). |
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Tio ,l(HaMeTPY OTBepCTHH B coe,n;HmieMblX ,n;eTaIDIX (11eBWI TOpneBWI CTeHKa H JieBoe KOJibno 06e11aHKH) no cnpaB01:IHHKY [2] no.l(6HpaIOT HOMHHaJibHblH .l(HaMeTP CTep:>KHH 6011Ta H3 CTaH.l(apTHOro pMa .l(HaMeTpOB. TipH 3TOM 6onT CB060.l(HO (6e3 ycHJIHH) .l(OJI:>KeH npOXO,l(HTb 1:1epe3 ynoMHHYTbie OTBepCTHH. HanpHMep, .l(HaMeTP OTBepCTHH COCTaBJIHeT 17 MM, c11e,noBaTeJibHO, HOMHHaJibHbIH .l(HaMeTp CTep:>KHH 6oJITa .l(OJI:>KeH paBHHTbCH 16 MM. B npe.l(eJiax .l(aHHOH KypCOBOH pa60TbI BO Bcex pe3b60BbIX 3JieMeHTax HCnOJib3yeTCH MeTPH1:leCKWI nHJIHH.l(pHqecKWI pe3b6a KpynHoro mara.
,ll;anee onpe.l(eJIHIOT paCCTOHHHe OT OCHOBaHIUI roJIOBKH .no neHTpa OTBepCTHH no.n mnJIHHT 11, ,l(JIHHY CTep:>KHH /, .l(JIHHY pe3b6bI. Ha pHc.1 npe.ncTaBJieHO 6oJITOBoe coe,n;HHeHHe.
!,
a b C
PHc.1 Eo11T0Boelo
BeJIH1:IHHY l1 BbI6HpaIOT B COOTBeTCTBHH CBbipa:>KeHHeM
. r.ne: COOTBeTCTBeHHO, TOJimHHbl JieBOH Topnesoii CTeHKH H rresoro KOJibl.la 06e1:1aHKH; c-Torrm1ma maH6J,I fOCT 11371-78*, ucn. 2 no.n HOMHHaJILHbIH .nuaMeTP 6orrTa. BerruqHHbI h H m BbI6HpaIOT no napaMeTPaM npope3HOH raHKH rocT 5918-73, HCn.l c HOMHHaJibHBlM .l(HaMeTpoM H maroM pe3b6LI, KaK y 6011Ta [2]. Tioc11e :noro no.n6uparoT .nrruHy cTep:>KHH l H b - .l(JIHHY pe3b6oaoro KOHI~a. 3aTeM no.n;6HpaIOT napaMeTPbI npope3HOH raHKH H maH6bI no.n; HOMHHaJibHbIH
.l(HaMeTP 6orrTa. YCJIOBHbIH .l(HaMeTP IIInJIHHTa do BbI6HpaIOT paBHbIM ,l(HaMeTPY OTBepCTHH no.n mnJIHHT, BbIIlOJIHeHHOro B CTep:>KHe 6oJITa. )];JIHHY IIInJIHHTa l BbI6HpaIOT H3 CTaH,napTHOro pMa H s COOTBeTCTBHH c Bbipa:>KeHHeM l = 1,3-1,4 S, r.ne S - paCCTOHHHe MeiK)zy napanneJibHbIMH rpaHHMH npope3HOH raiiKH.
6 mnw1e111we coeiJu11e11ue
B IIlilHJietrnoe coe.I{HHeHHe (pHc.2) BXO.I{.SIT CJie.I{}'IOII.(HeCTaH,!{apTHbie :meMeHTbI: illilHJILKa (fOCT 22032-76\ maii6a np)')KHHHa.SI(fOCT 6402-70; Men.I), raiiKa (fOCT 5915-70*).
Ilo HOMHHaJibHOMY ,!{HaMeTpy Hape3aHHbIX rHe3.I{ BbIIlOJIHeHHblX B npaBOM KOJibUe o6eqauKH 6apa6aHa BI>I6HpaIOT HOMHHaJibHbIH ,!{HaMeTp H THil pe31,61,1 illilHJibKH.
)];JIHHa illilHJibKH I He BKJIIOqaeT a ce6.SI .I{JIHHY BBHHqHaaeMoro KOHi.la I1 H BbI6HpaeTC.SI a COOTBeTCTBHH C BblpruKeHHeM I= a+b+c+d,
r.I{e: a - TOJIII.(HHa npaaou TOpneaou cTeHKH; b - TOJIII.(HHa maii61,1;
C - BbICOTa raHKH;
d =(2-3)P;
P - mar pe31,61,1 mnHJibKH.
Bee HeCTaH.I{apTHbie ,!{eTaJIH npHBO.I{HOro 6apa6aHa BI,IIlOJIH.SIIOT H3 CTaJIH, Il03TOMY z, paa-
H.SieTC.SI HOMHHaJibHOMY .I{HaMeTPY BBHHqHaaeMoro pe31,6oaoro KOHi.la ([2], Ta6JI. 26.1).
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lo
I, |
a |
C |
d |
PHc.2 lllnHJieTJHoe coe.I{HHeHHe
3aKJ1eno1111oe coeiJu11e11ue
3aKJienoqHoe coe.I{HHeHHe (pHc.3) cocTOHT H3 O.I{Horo CTaH.I{apTHoro 3JieMeHT (3aKJienKa, fOCT 10299-80) H coe.I{HHSieMblX ,!{eTaneii.
3aKrrerrKa BXO,!{HT B OTBepCTH.SI COe.I{HH.SieMbIX ,!{eTaJieH CB060.I{HO, II03TOMy HOMHHaJil,HI,IH ,!{HaMeTP ee CTep>KH.SI BbI6HpaeTC~ H3 CTaH,!{apTHOro p.SI.I{a C MHHHMaJibHblM 3a30pOM no OTHOIIleHHIO K ,!{HaMeTPaM yrroM.SIHYTI>IX OTBepCTHH. ,ll;JIHHY 3aKrreIIKH orrpe.I{eJI.SIIOT H3 Bbipa>KeHHSI:
l=a+b+h
r,!{e: a,b - COOTBeTCTBeHHO, TOJIII.(HHbl rrepaoii H BTOpOH COe,!{HHSieMblX ,!{eTaneii,
d - .I{HaMeTP CTep>KHSI 3aKJiemm. ,ll;rrHHY 3aKJienKH BbI6HpaIOT H3 CTaH.I{apTHOro p.SI.I{a 3HaqeHHeM, 6JIHilCHHM K pacqeTHOMY 3HaqeHHIO (B 6orr1,myro CTOpoHy).
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I
PHc.3 3aICJieIIO'IHOecoe,nHHeHHe
lllmu<J>moBoe coeouHeHue
B mTmproBoe coe)OIHem1e (p:e:c.4) BXO.l{HT o,nHH cTaH,napTHbIH :rneMeHT - mTH<pT (fOCT 3128-70*, THII 2- mm<Irr~H'lecKHiimm fOCT 3129-70*, THII 1 - mTH<pT KOHH'!ecKHii).
HOMJmWil,BldB l(ll3Me1p IIITHq>Ta BbI6HpalO'rpaBHbIM ,nHaMeTpy OTBepCTHH 110.n IIITH<pT BbIIIOJIHCHHbIX B ropneBoii cremce H COOTBeTCTByrome:M Kom,ne o6eqaiiKH 6apa6aHa.
a b
C C
I
PHc.4 IIITH<pTOBOe coe,nHHCHHe
,ll;JIHHa IIITH<pTa paCC'IHTbIBaeTC.sIB COOTBCTCTBHH C Bbipa:>I<:eHHeM:
l=a+b+2c,
r.ne: a H b - COOTBeTCTBCHHO, TOJIII.\HHI,I coe,nHH.sICMI,IX ,neTaneii; C - BbIXO,n IIITH<pTa 3a rrpe-
.l{CJibI ACTaJIH. 11pH 3TOM AJIHHY BI,IXO,llOB C BbI6HpaIOT, HCXO,n.sI H3 CJieAYIOII.\HX coo6pa:>I<:CHHH: a) AJIHHa mTHq>Ta I AOJI:>I<:Ha COOTBeTCTBOBaTb 3Ha'IeHH.ijMCTaH.u;apTHoro pg,na AJIHH, 6) AJIHHa BI,I- xo.u;a c - AOJDKHa 6b1Tb He MeHee IIOJIOBHHbI HOMHHaJII,HOro AHaMe-rpa IDTH<pTa.
8
IllnoHO'IHoe coeouHeHue
B IIIIlOHOtJHOe coe}lHHeHHe BXOJlHT O.L(HH CTaH,napTHI,IH 3JieMeHT - IIIIlOHKa (fOCT 2336078*; HCil. 1). KOHCTJ)YKTHBHI>Ie napaMeTpl>I IIIIlOHKH BI>I6HpaIOT a COOTBeTCTBHH c pa3MepaMH IIIIlO-
HOtJHI,IX Ila30B, Bl>IIlOJIHeHHI,IX Ha BaJiy.
Kpenne1me ea!la
|
' |
I1po,non1,uoe nepeMemeHHe aana B cTynHl(ax npe,noTBpamaeTCR c n0Mom1,10 Kpyrnoif IIIJIH- |
I |
l(CBOH raifKH (fOCT 11871-80*) H IIIaii61,~ cTonopHoii MHOroJiantJaToii (fOCT 11872-80), KOTKopag |
,l· |
HCilOJII>3YCTCjl JlM HCKJilOtJCHHR cxo,na raHKH C pe3I,6 oaoro KOHi.la aana npH ero BH6 pal(HRX. OH- |
· |
CTJ)YKTHBHI>Ie napaMeTJ)I>I 3THX CTaH.L(apTHI,IX 3JICMCHTOB BI>I6HparoT B COOTBeTCTBHH C KOHCTJ)yK- |
|
THBHI>IMH napaMeTJ)aMH pe31,6oaoro KOHl(a aana. |
|
ITocne BI,IIlOJIHCHHjl c6opotIHOro qepTe:>Ka H cnel(Hq>HKal(HH K HeMy cTy,neHT caMOCTOjl- |
|
TeJII>HO OIIHCI>IBaeT nocJie}lOBaTeJILHOCTI, TeXHOJIOnltJCCKHX onepal(HH npH c6opKe (pa360pKe) IIpH- |
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BO.L(HOro 6apa6aHa H npHBO.L(HT ee B IlOjJ:CHHTCJII>HOH 3aITHCKe. |
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3. BbIIlOJIHEHIIE "l!EPTEiKA IlPHBO}];HOrO liAPAliAHA
Ka:>K.L(I,IH CTY.L(CHT no YKa3aHHlO npeno,[(aBaTeM Bl>IIlOJIHRCT 0.L(HH H3 BapHaHTOB KypCOBOH pa60TI>I. BapHaHTI>I KypCOBOH pa60TI,I npHBe.L(eHM B npHJIO>KeHHRX 1lepTe:>K Bl>IIlOJIHjlCTCR Ha
JIHCTe cpopMaTa Al c pa3MepaMH CTOpOH 594 x 841 MM H HMeeT OCHOBHyro H~IlHCI, no fOCT
2.104-68.
3.1. PeKOMCH,LJ.aQHH no BbIIlOJJHCHHIO -iepTe,Ka npHBO,ll.HOl'O6apa6aua
no l(Hq>pOBLIM .naHHI>IM aapHaHTa H KOHCTpyKTHBHI>IM pa3MepaM OT.L(CJII,HI,IX .L(CTaJICH, BXOMinHX B c60pOtIHyro C.l{HHHI.lY, B COOTBeTCTBHH C npHHjlTBIM MaCIIITa60M ITO rOCT 2.302-68 BLIIlOJIHjlCTCg qepTe:>K npHBO.l{HOrO 6apa6aHa JieHTOllHOro KOHBeiiepa. IlpH Bl>IIlOJIHCHHH qepTe:>Ka 6apa6aHa, nopg,z::i:OK pacnoJio:>KeHHjl BH.L(OB, pa3pe30B H cetJeHHH .L(OJI>KHI,I COOTBeTCTBOBaTI, rOCT
ITpH 3TOM peKOMCH}lyeTCjl BI,IITOJIHHTI, Ha MeCTe rrraBHoro BH.L(a JIOMaHI,IH pa3pe3 H BHJl
C!leea (CM. npHJIO:>KeHHe 1). )J;M HarJijl}lHOCTH, B npHJIO>KeHHH 2 npHBOJlHTCjl TJ)eXMepHOe H306pa- :>KeHHe npHBOJlHOro 6apa6aHa B pa3pe3e.
KoHCTpyKl.lffjl ,neTaneii, CTaH}lapTHLie H3}leJIHjl, BXOJlHmHe B c6op0"1HblH qepTe>K, npHBe,neHI,I a npHJIO:>KeHHj!X 3-6 .
ITpH BLI6ope KOHCTJ)YKTHBHI>IX pa3MepoB 6oJITOB, IIIIlHJieK, raeK, IIIaii6, IIITHq>TOB, IIIIlJIHHTOB, IIIIlOHOK, 3aKrrenOK B COOTBeTCTBHH C BI>I6paHHI,IM BapHaHTOM crre.nyeT IlOJII,30BaTI,CSI cnpaBOtIHHKOM [2].
BLIITOJIHHH pa3pe3LI H cetieHHSI, crre.nyeT IlOMHHTI, CJICJlyIDII.lHe npaBHJia, OTHocgmHecg K c6opOtIHOMY qepTe>Ky:
1)JlM Bcex pa3pe30B, cetJeHHH O}lHOH H TOH )Ke ,neTaJIH crre.nyeT BLIIlOJIHSITI, IIITJ)HXOBKY C HaKJIOHOM JIHHHH ITO.[( yrrroM 45° (MeTaJIJIHtJeCKHe H3}leJIHjl) B OJlHY H TY >Ke CTOpOHY C paBHI>IM paCCTOjlHHeM Me)KJly IIITJ)HXaMH;
2)npH CTI,IKe JlByx pacce11eHHI,IX ,neTaneii: IIITpHXOBKa BLIIlOJIHjleTCjl" JlJijJ 0.l{HOH H3 HHX C HaKJIOHOM anpaao, a JlM .npyroii - aneao;
3)BaJILI, 3aKJieITKH, 60JITI,I H T.Jl., - rrpH rrpO}lOJII>HOM pa3pe3e (eCJIH ceKymag IlJIOCKOCTI,
rrpOXOJlHT B}lOJII, OCH TaKoro 3JieMeHTa) IIOKa3I,IBalOT He paccelleHHI>IMH,
IIpeMe11aeue: IlpH s1,1qep1msaHHH c6opoquoro qepTe:>Ka npneo.n;uoro 6apa6aua .n;onycKaeTc.11 ynpomenHe H306pa:>KeHIDI Kpene:>KHbIX AeTa.rtei1 pe3b60BbIX coe,n;HHeHHH (6oJIThl, WTIHJibKH, raHKH, wau61,1, wnJIHHTbI). Ha ynpomeuuoe H3o6pa:>KeHHe Kpene)l(HbIX ,n;eTa.neu pacnpocTPaIDieTC.11 fOCT 2.315-68.
Ha c6op011HOM 11epTe>Ke MO>KHO He Il0Ka3LIBaTI, cpacKH, CKpyrrreHHg, rrpoTOtIKH, yrrry6rre-
HHH, BI,ICTyrILI, HaKaTKH, HaCellKH_ H .npyrHe MerrKHe 3JieMeHTl,I.
9
3.2. BLIROJIHCHHe BLIHOCHLIX lJieMeHTOB
Ilocne BLIIIOJIHeHHB JIOMaHOro pa3pe3a H BH)];a 6apa6aHa CJieBa CJieAyeT BI,IIlOJIHHTI, BLIHOCHLie 3JieMeHTLI CJieAyromHx COeAHHeHHH:
1) 60JITOB0ro COeAHHeHH.sI JieBOH TOp[(eBOH CTeHirn K o6eqaiiKe 6apa6aHa;
2) IDilHJielfHOro coeAHHeHHa npaBOH TOp[(eBOH CTeHKH K o6e1faHKe 6apa6aHa;
3) COeAHHeHHa KOHHlfeCKHM I.IITH!pTOM, nonaBIIIHM B pa3pe3 H <pHKCHpyromHM JieByro TopneByro CTeHKy;
4) coeAHHeHHa [(HJIHHAPHlfeCKHM I.IITH<pTOM, nonaBI.IIHM B pa3pe3 H <pHKCHpyromHM npaByro TOp[(eByro CTeHKy;
5) 3aKJieilOlJHOro coeAHHeHH.sI CTYIIH[(I,I K TOp[(eBOH CTeHKe 6apa6aHa. KaiK,lJ;LIH BLIHOCHOH 3JieMeHT BLIIlOJIH.sieTC.sI OT):\eJILHO B 6om,IIIeM MaCI.IITa6e, qeM 11epTe)I( 6apa6a11a. B1,1qep1IHBaeTca H306pa)l(eHHe npeACTaBJieHHOro COeAHHeHH.sI IlOAp06Ho 6e3 ynpomeHHH. BLIHOCHLle 3JieMeHTI,I Ha qepTe)l(e OTMe1IaIOT 3aMKHYTOH CilJIOI.IIHOH TOHKOH JIHHHeH H o603Ha1IaIOT Ha IlOJIKe JIHHHHBLIHOCKH pHMCKOH [(H!ppOH nopH,L\KOBLIH HOMep. HM H306pa)l(eHHeM BLIHOCHoro 3JieMeHTa YK!l3LIBaI0T ero .UH<ppoBoe o603Ha1feHHe H MaCI.IITa6, eCJIH OH He COOTBeTcTByeT MaCIIITa6y qepTe)l(a, HanpHMep,
3.3. BLIIlOJIHCHHe BbIHeceHHblX ceqeunii
KpoMe JIOMaHoro pa3pe3a npHBOAHOro 6apa6aHa, Ha qepTe)l(e Heo6XOAHMO BLIIlOJIHHTI, BblHeceHHble CelfeHHSI CBapHoro I.IIBa [(HJIHHApa 6apa6aHa; I.IIIlOHOlJHOfO COeAHHeHHSI CTynH[(bl TOp[(e- BOH CTeHKH [(HJIHHApa c BaJIOM 6apa6aHa.
B1,rneceHHLle ce1IeHH.sI BbIIlOJIH.sIIOTC.sI Ha JII060M MeCTe IIOJl.sI qepTe)l(a B 60J1LI.IIeM MaCUITa6e, 1IeM H3o6pa)l(eHHe 6apa6aua. Ha ce11eHHaX noK!l3LIBaIOT oco6eHHocTH coeAHHeHHa conp.siraeMbIX AeTaJieH C COOTBeTcTBy10mHMH ITOCaA01lHI,lMH H npHCOeAHHHTeJILHbIMH pa3MepaMH.
B COOTBeTCTBHH c rOCT 2.305-68, MeCTO pa3pe3a H BbIHeCeHHOfO ce1IeHHB ceKymeii IlJIOCKOCTbIO IlOK!l3LIBaIOT pa30MKHYTOH JIHHHeH, a HanpaBJ1em1e B3rJIMa - CTpenKaMH, o603Ha1Ia.sI HX 3arJiaBHbIMH 6yKBaMH pyccKoro arr<paBHTa. HaA H306pa)l(eHHeM BLIHeCeHHOro ce1IeHHa YK!l3blBaIOT ero 6yKBaJ1bHOe o6o3Ha1leHHe H MaCI.IITa6, eCJIH OH He COOTBeTCTByeT MaCI.IITa6y qepTe)l(a. HanpHMep, B-B
3.4. HaHeCCHHe p83MepoB
Ha c6opOlJHOM qepTe)l(e npHBOAHOfO 6apa6aHa npocTaBJl.sIIOTC.sI CJle,l\yIOmHe pa3Mep1,1:
1. fa6apHTHLie (pa3Mep1,1 H3AeJIH.sI no BLICOTe, I.IIHpHHe H AJIHHe).
2. y CTaHOB01IHLle (pa3Mep1,1, onpeAeJI.sIIOmHe B3aHMHOe IIOJIO)l(eHHe conp.siraeMLIX AeTarreH B m.neHHH). K HHM OTHOC.sITC.sI IlOCa,l\OlJHbie pa3Mep1,1 COe):\HHeHH.sI CTynH[( 6apa6aHa C BaJIOM. Ha 11epre1Ke B ce1IeHHH B-B yK!l3aH ycTaHOB01IHLIH pa3Mep 0 75.
3. IlpHCOeAHHHTeJILHLie (pa3Mep1,1, onpeAeJI.sIIOmHe BeJIHlJHHI,I 3JleMeHTOB, no KOTOpbIM AaHHOC m.neHHe ycTaHaBJIHBaIOT Ha MecTe MOHTa)l(a HJIH npHcOeAHH.sIIOT K ApyroMy H3AeJIHIO). Ha qepre>Ke 6apa6aHa YK!l3bIBaIOT AHaMeTJ)LI IIOCa,l\OlJHI,IX I.IIeeK IlOA IlOAIIIHilHHKH H IIOJIYMY<pTy, Hanpmtep, WfaMeTJ>hl 35 H 32 Ha qepTe)l(e 6apa6aHa, rrpeAcTaBJieHHoro B npHJIO)l(eHHH 1.
3.5. Ofiooua11eune WBOB CBapHLIX COCAHHCHHH
06e11aiiKa npHBO)Uloro 6apa6aHa JieHTOlJHOro KOHBeiiepa BLIIIOJIHeHa npH IIOMOmH PYlJHOH ;::i;yroBOH 3JleICipOCBapICB. QHJIHHAP 6apa6aHa CBapHBaeTCB B CTLIK H K HeMy npHBapHBaIOTCB )];Ba KOJIL[(a AJI.sI :rcperureHIDI ropneBLIX CTeHOK.
fOCT 2.312-72 yCTaHaBJIHBaeT H3o6pa)l(eHHe H o6o3Ha1feHHe IIIBOB cBapH1,1x coe;::i;HHeHHH Ha qepTe)l(aX: rpalfflill,I msa H306pa)l(aIOT CilJIOI.IIHLIMH OCHOBHLIMH JIHHH.sIMH, a KOHCTJ)YKTHBHbie 3JieMeHTI,I KpOMOK B rpamII.{ax I.IIBa - CilJIOIDHbIMH TOHKHMH JIHHHBMH. ITpH Heo6xo;::i;HMOCTH, Ha qepTe)l(e npocTaBJiaIOTCH pa3Mep1,1 KOHCTJ)YKTHBHblX :rneMeHTOB IIIBa.
He3aBHCHMO OT cnoco6a CBapKH, BH)];HMI,IH I.IIOB H3o6pa)l(aeTCSI Cf(JIOIIIHOH OCHOBHOH JIHHHeH, a HeBHAHMbIH - IDTJ)HXOBOH JIHHHeii.
Ha H3o6pa)l(eHHH CBapHoro mBa pa3JIH1laIOT JIH:QeByro H o6opoTHyro CTOpoHy. JlH[(eBOH CTOpOHOH OAHOCTOpOHHero IlIBa C1IHTaIOT TY CTOpoHy, C KOTOpOH npOH3B0AHTCH CBapKa. Crre;::i;oBaTeJibHO·, H3o6pa)l(eHHe HeB~Moro mBa cne;::i;yeT paccMaTJ)HBaTb KaK ero o6opoTHyro cTOpoHy.
OT H306pa)l(eHHB mBa npoBO,l\BT JIHHHIO-BblHOCKY, 3aKaH1fHBaIOmyroca C OAHOH CTOpOHl,I
fr
I
ii I
10
O,l{HOCTOpOHHeH CTPeJIKOH, C .npyroH - IlOJIKOH. Ha IlOJIKe JIHHHH-BLIHOCKH pacnoJiaraIOT ycJIOBHOe o6o3HatJ:eHHe CBapHoro IIIBa. EcJIH ycJIOBHOe o6o3HatJ:eHHe IIIBa IlOKa3bIBaIOT C JIHUeBOH CTOpOHbI, TO ero HaHOCSIT Ha,n IlOJIKOH JIHHHH-BbIHOCKH, ecJIH :>Ke c o6opOTHOH, TO - no.n IIOJIKOH JIHHHHBbIHOCKH.
y CJIOBHbie o603HaqeHHSI IIIBOB CBapHbIX coe,nHHeHHH COCTOSIT H3 crre.nYIO~HX 3JieMeHTOB:
1)BCIIOMOraTeJibHbIH 3HaK CBapHoro IIIBa no 3aMKHyTOH JIHHHH O .n:uaMeTPOM 3+5 MM HJIH MOHTa)l<HOro IIIBa I;
2)o6o3HaqeHHe crnH,naprn Ha THIIbI :u KOHCTPYKTHBHLie 3JieMeHThI (HanpHMep, fOCT 5264-80) Ha CBapHLie coe.n:uHeHHSI H3 yrnepo,nHCTOH CTaJIH, BbIIlOJIHSieMLie pyqHOH .l{yrOBOH caapKoii;
3)6yKBeHHo-nmppoBoe o6o3Ha'leHHea:u,na H THrra maa, r.ne 6yKBeHHaSI qacTb orrpe,neJISieTC8 BH,l{OM coe.n1rneHHSI, a - nmppoBaSI orrpe,neJISieTCjJ KOHCTPYKTHBHbIM THilOM IIlBa, T.e. CKOC KpOMOK H T.,n. (HaIIpHMep, C18 - CTl,IKOBOH .nayxcmpOHHHH IIIOB co CKOCOM ,nayx KpOMOK; Yl 1- yrJIOBOH, 6e3 CKOCa KpOMOK, .nayxcTOpOHHHH);
4)ycJIOBHOe o6o3Haqemre cnoco6a caapKH (rrpH pyrmoii ,nyroaoii CBapKe pa3pemaeTcg He yKa3LIBaTL);
5)3HaK paBH06e.npeHHOro rrpxMoyrOJibHOrO TpeyroJibHHKa C npocTaHOBKOH pa3Mepa KaTeTa lliBa (HaIIpHMep, 6 - KaTeT IIIBa 6 MM);
6)rrapaMeTpbI ,l{JISI rrpepbIBHCTOfO IIIBa H pa3Mep lllara (HarrpHMep, 502100 - lliOB rrpepbIBHCTbIH c maxMaTHhIM pacnono:>KeHHeM, .n;mrna npoBapHBaeMoro yqacTKa 50 MM, Illar 100 MM);
7)BCTIOMOraTeJibHbie 3HaKH Ha CHSITHe co mBa Harrp.sI:>KeHHH H tJ:HCTOTbl o6pa60TKH (YKa3bIBaIOTCSI npH Heo6xo,nHMOCTH).
YKa3aHHSI IlyHKTOB 4, 6, 7 B .naHHOM 3a,naHHH He npHMeHSIIOTC.sI.
3.6.IIpocTaHOBKa U03HQHH
.ll:JISI cocTaBneHHg cne1~mpHKan:HH Ha c6opo1moM qepTe:>Ke 6apa6aHa ace cocTaBHhie qacTH H3,nemrn HYMepyIOTCSI. HoMepa II03HU:HH rrpoCTaBJISIIOTCSI Ha IlOJIKaX JIHHHH-BbIHOCOK, KOTOpbie npOBO,l{SIT OT H306pa:>KeHHH COCTaBHbIX qacTeH H3,l{eJIH.sI.
IlHHHSI-BbIHOCKa HaqHHaeTCSI Ha H306pa:>KeHHH COCTaBHOH qacTH H3,l{eJIHSI B BH,ne TOtJ:KH H 3aKaHqHaaeTCjJ 3a npe.n;enaMH H306pa:>KeHH.sI ropH30HTaJibHOH IlOJIKOH• .ll:JIHHa TIOJIKH .nom1rna 6bITb 10-12 MM. IlHHHH-BbIHOCKH He ,l{OJl)l(Hbl nepeceKaThCSI Me>KJzy co6oii H 61,1Tb rrapanneJibHbIMH JIHHHSIM IIITPHXOBKH. IlHHHH-BbIHOCKH no B03MO>KHOCTH He JJ;OIDKHl,I nepeceKaTb JIHHHH pa3MepoB H H306pa>I<:eHHSI .npyrHx COCTaBHbIX qacTeH H3,l{eJIHSI.
HoMepa Il03HUHH Ha IlOJIKax YKa3bIBaIOTCSI Ha qepre>I<:e 0.l{HH pa3, 3a HCKJIIOlleHHeM cnyqaeB, Kor.na Ha qepTe:>Ke HMeIOTCSI 0,l{HHaKOBLie COCTaBHbie qacTH.
Bee noBTOpSIIO~Hecg HOMepa BhmonHSIIOTCSI ua ,naoiiuoii nonKe. HoMepa no3HUHH YKa3hIBal0T Ha IlOJIKaX, napanrreJibHbIX OCHOBHOH Ha,nTIHCH BHe KOHTYPa H306pa:>KeHHH H rpymrnpYIQT B CTpoqKy no ropH30HTaJIH HJIH B KOJIOHKY no BepTHKMH Ha O,l{HOH JIHHHH BOKpyr OCHOBHbIX BH.n;OB HJIH pa3pe30B, H306pa:>KeHHblX Ha qepTe:>Ke H3,l{eJIHSI. lllpHq>T HOMepoB no3HUHH ,l{OJI:>KeH faITb Ha O,l{HH-.l(Ba pa3Mepa 6orr1,me, qeM mpHq>T pa3MepHbIX qHceJI, HarrpHMep, eCJIH pa3MepHbie llHCJia IIO BbICOTe COCTaBJISIIOT 5 MM, TO HOMepa n03HUHH COCTaBJijJIOT 7 HJIH 10 MM. TaKOH >I<:e pa3Mep HMeIOT pHMCKHe l.lHq>pbI Ha BbIHOCHbIX 3JieMeHTax H rrponHCHbie 6YKBbI npH o6o3HaqeHHH pa3pe30B H ce1IeHHH.
4. COCTABJIEHHE CIIEil;H<l>HK~HH K qEPTEJKY IIPHBO,l(HOro liAPAliAHA
CnenHq>HKan:HIO COCTaBJISIIOT no fOCT 2.108-68 Ha OT,neJibHblX JIHCTax 6yMam q>opMaTa A4 c pa3MepaMH 210 x 297 MM Ha Ka>I<:,nYIO c6opoqHYIO e.n;HHHUY no q>opMe 2 ,l{JISI nepaoro JIHCTa H no q>opMe 2a ,l{JISI nocrre.nYIO~HX JIHCTOB. Pa36HBKa JIHCTa Ha rpaq>bl H pa3Mep1,1 OCHOBHOH Ha,nnHCH
.l(JISI Ka>I<:,noro JIHCTa ,l(aeTCSI B fOCT 2.108-68 H rocT 2.104-68, KpaTKOe H3JIO:>KeHHe npe.l(CTaBJieHO B cnpaBoqHHKe [2] a pa3.l(eJiax "Oq>opMJieHHe qepTe>I<:eii" H "qepTe>I<:H c6opollHblX e,l(HHHU: H ,l(e- Tanen".