Introduction

Methods of pedagogical research - a study of ways of pedagogical reality. There are several approaches to the classification of methods of pedagogical research. According to one of them, the methods of teaching are divided into empirical studies (studying methods of teaching experience), theoretical (methods of theoretical research) and mathematics (statistics).

Any method of pedagogical research is not universal, each of them is only effective when used correctly. The correctness of the method involves two aspects:

• possession of the method;

• skill researcher choose the most effective method is based on the existing conditions of the study, specific research objectives.

When choosing methods of pedagogical research should be guided by the following principles:

• a set of methods (to solve any scientific problem is used not one but a set of complementary research methods);

• the adequacy of the method exists the phenomenon under study, expected results, enabling researchers;

• no harm (ban utilization research practices contrary to moral standards, capable harm subjects, pedagogical process).

1.Empirical methods of pedagogical research

By empirical methods include observation, conversation, questioning, teacher testing, the study of school records, learning products business. Their common feature - focus on the direct study of managed object, collection and systematization of factual material about the process and results of the educational system. The empirical nature of knowledge inherent in the methods of this group is an important precondition for the reliability of findings.

Observation is empirically most common method by which the object being studied under different conditions, without interfering in its existence.Observation is widely used in everyday life, providing information spontaneously flowing process of learning. However, spontaneous observation because of the nature of human attention to many details of the escape from the observer, and other details are quickly forgotten, without forming a coherent system of knowledge about the object. Observation as a method of pedagogical research is focused, it is carried out on a definite plan, the results are recorded and at the end of the observation data collected are summarized.

The advantages include its monitoring availability and researcher to directly become familiar with the subject being studied.

Deficiencies in teacher observation of the study is that:

• the reliability of the results strongly influenced by personal characteristics of the observer, his interests, beliefs and stereotypes;

• the accuracy of the results is directly proportional to the duration of follow-up (longer were followed, the statistically reliable data obtained with it);

• personal observation is physically impossible to cover all aspects of the test process, which means that many of the facts still remain unidentified.

1.1.The survey

Survey - a method of gathering information through questionnaires - a specially designed questionnaire, which is required to give written answers.

Main types of profiles:

• open (respondents must formulate an answer on your own);

• Closed (respondent necessary choose most suitable answer of of a few ready options);

• Mixed (combined), which provide for both the choice of ready-made and self-formulation of an answer.

The survey is most effective when you want to identify the collective opinion on any issue and needs a significant amount of people. Depending on the purpose of questioning may be subject teachers, students, parents, representatives of the immediate social environment. Using this method, it should be remembered that the results of the survey, even on large samples obtained reflect the opinions, attitudes, habits of thought and perception of respondents, especially given social group, and so they may significantly diverge from the established scientific facts.

With the help of a questionnaire can be a relatively small amount of time to reach a large number of people questioning, and the standard wording of the questions in the questionnaire makes it relatively easy to process the data. However, the survey excluded the possibility of adjusting the wording of the questions. Therefore, an important condition for the effectiveness of this method is of sufficient quality used questionnaire (clarity for the respondent essentially questions the opportunity to give them clear answers or select the appropriate answer from the offered alternatives and avoidance of issues that provoke deliberately false answers). During the mass questionnaire-factor reducing the true answer, it is the opinion of other people (for example, filling in the questionnaire together with other people, a person can write off a response from a neighbor, "not allocated", or vice versa: to respond in a different way from a desire to excel, rather not because he really believes otherwise).