- •А. Л. Казыро, а. А. Фокина, е. Л. Яндакова
- •Раздел I Значение дисциплины и методические рекомендации по ее изучению
- •1.1 Значение пособия для подготовки студентов-филологов
- •1.2 Цели и задачи курса
- •1.3 Методические рекомендации по работе со сборником
- •Раздел II тексты по лингвистике для студентов-филологов What is linguistics?
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:
- •5. Retell the text. Language as a system
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Explain the meanings of the following words and expressions:
- •5. Retell the text. Language structure and language function
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Complete the following text with the words or phrases from the box (using them in the appropriate form).
- •5. Retell the text. Language families
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Match each word or expression on the left with the correct definition on the right.
- •5. Retell the text. The languages of Russia
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Read the text again and say if the following statements are true (t) or false (f).
- •5. Retell the text. The Maris and their language
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Finish the following sentences:
- •5. Retell the text. The Finns and the Karelians and their languages
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Find pairs of words from these two lists:
- •5. Retell the text. The world language
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Complete the statements about the world language with the words in the box.
- •5. Retell the text. British English
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Work with a partner. Think of as many differences between British English and American English as possible.
- •5. Retell the text. What is American English?
- •Australian English
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •4. Replace the words in italics by the words from the standard English.
- •5. Retell the text. The language competition
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Look at the suffixes of these words. Are they adjectives (a) or nouns (n)?
- •5. Retell the text.
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Read the text ‘Killer languages’ strengthen their grip. Are these statements true or false?
- •5. Retell the text. Fields and aspects of linguistics
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Match a word in a to a synonym in b.
- •5. Retell the text. Phonetics as a branch of linguistics. Phonemes
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Write the nouns connected to Phonetics.
- •5. Retell the text. The object of lexicology. Synonyms, antonyms and homonyms
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Match up the words in column a with the words in column to form meaningful phrases.
- •5. Retell the text. English Vocabulary. New words and old
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •5. Retell the text. Words and their ways in English speech
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •5. Retell the text. What are proverbs?
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •5. Retell the text. An introduction to theoretical grammar
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •5. Retell the text. Parts of speech
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Choose the right answer.
- •5. Retell the text. On the English case system
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Complete the sentence using the missing prepositions where it is necessary.
- •5. Retell the text. Syntax
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •4. Match up the words in column a with the words in column b to form meaningful phrases.
- •Problems of stylistic research
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Work in small groups. Read the text and add any information to the chart you can.
- •5. Retell the text. Stylistics of language and speech
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •1. Study the vocabulary:
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
- •4. Find synonyms of these words.
- •5. Retell the text. Список использованной литературы
- •Содержание
- •Раздел I. Значение дисциплины и методические рекомендации по ее изучению 3
- •Раздел II. Тексты по лингвистике для студентов-филологов5
5. Retell the text. The Maris and their language
The Mari language (Cheremis) belongs to Volgaic unit which is a part of Finnic group. Finnic group belongs to Western Finno-Ugric group which is a branch of Finno-Ugric group. Finno-Ugric group together with Samoyed group make the Uralic family of languages.
There are two literary forms of the Mari language:
Meadow Mari;
Hill Mari.
There are also two dialects of the Meadow Mari language: Eastern Mari and North-Western Mari.
The standard Mari language is based on Morki-Sernur dialect. Mari literature and the standard Mari language were founded by Sergey Chavain. He wrote many stories, plays, novels and essays. He was working also in the field of sociopolitical journalism. The first poem "Oto" ("The sacred grove") by S.Chavain was published in 1905. This poem was translated into many languages including English. Another outstanding work of Chavain is the novel “Elnet”. He was born in a small village in Morki area which was named after his death as Chavainur village. There is a museum to S. Chavain in Chavainur. Many people from our Republic, from Russia and foreign countries visit it every year.
Basically Mari is spoken in towns and villages. However people speak Mari in Yoshkar-Ola, the capital of Mari El Republic, too. Meadow Maris and Hill Maris in general can understand each other. Some of them can speak both languages.
The total number of Mari people is about 605 000 people.
The total number of people who speak Mari is about 464 000.
Unfortunately many people whose native language is Mari cannot speak it. Besides many people, especially young people, tend to mix Russian and Mari words in their speech.
Mari people live in all regions of Russian Federation and in all former USSR countries. Mari people live in Mari El Republic (about 312 000 people), in Bashkortostan Republic (about 106 000 people), in Kirov Region (about 39 000), in Sverdlovsk Region (about 28 000) and in Tatarstan Republic (about 19 000). Maris also live in Udmurt Republic, Nizhni Novgorod Region, Hanty-Mansiysk Autonomus Region, Volgograd Region, Krasnoyarsk Region, Perm Region, Saratov Region, Samara Region, Tcheliabinsk Region, in Chuvash Republic, etc.
Meadow Mari is spoken on the left bank of the Volga River. Hill Mari is spoken in Hill Mari area (Mari El Republic) and partly in Kilemary area (Mari El), in Sharanga area (Nizhni Novgorod Region), etc. Eastern Mari dialect is spoken in Tatar Republic, Bashkortostan Republic, in the Urals and in Sverdlovsk Region and in some other areas too. North-Western Mari dialect is spoken in Kirov Region and in the North of our republic too.
1. Study the vocabulary:
Chavainur village – деревня Чавайнур
Cheremis – черемисский язык
Eastern Mari – восточный диалект марийский языка
Finnic – финский (применительно к языковой группе)
Hill Mari – горномарийский язык
Meadow Mari – луговой марийский язык
Morki area – Моркинский район республики Марий Эл
North-Western Mari – северо-западный диалект марийский языка
the Samoyed family of languages – самодийская семья языков
the standard Mari language – литературный марийский язык
the Urals – Урал
Volgaic unit – волжская подгруппа