687983_a1d9b_aliev_t_i_seti_evm_i_telekommunikacii

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

62 8 9F F 7C6BC3E 42 6A 9 BC E 2 BC 294F, F 2 BC972 BCD 2B4F 6C4 923, 3 8 9F F862EAD5 98 86 FCEA7 589B2 893C – PAD (Packet

Assembler Disassembler – 35%8E-56C 35%8E 6E2 3), 4292B 3 B58842 D 7 F892 7F4C 7CD 3C 98 !/% (!C4 97 / C69 B %C77). !/% 2 59 9A 389B2 77 F FEF 5 CE#77 F.

19C7 CB92 26B E#7 52D 53 72 AB 2E 53 3E3F3 8 F862EAD23C7F 7C 4C7CEA72 F 8 9 32 5B237 6B29242E23 673 F2782 32 87278, 56BC3E F 62924C F C77 F F86BC3E F 2$F 4F.

1 9 32 5B23 7A BC88 F9C7 7C BC 295 92EA42 3 78 53 3E3F3 E676F 7343 53 7 F 7 2 9 62 2 72 6B29242E5 IP 2 F7 9A BCD72B2 7 8 9F.

9574 F F !/% 3 82293 9893FF 82 89C7 CB92 &.- 3E 98:

•8 2B4C 8F 32E23, 62E5 77 29 C8F7 B277 9 B F7CE23 ), 3

6C4 9;

•BCD 2B4C 6C4 923 F 3 32 C77 7C C8F7 B277 9 B F7CE;

•56BC3E 7F 6B2 5BC F 589C723E 7F 82 F7 7F F BCD F7 7F 62 8 9F &.25;

•6 B C C 8F 32E23 62 9B 23C7F C8F7 B2772 2 9 B F7CEC F B. ) B F7CE 7 F 9 427 7 C B 823 8 9F &.25. / B 8

6BF83CF3C 98 62B95 !/%, 4292B 62 4E 7 4 42 59C92B5 6C4 923 &.25 8 62 2 A 3 E 772 2 4C7CEC.

.2 6A 9 B F E24CEA7 8 9F 62 4E C 98 4 8 9F &.25 7 628B 893 772 B D C C69 B &.25 FEF CB$B59FDC92B (BF8.4.20) 8 62 B 42 6B29242E23 &.25.

4.3.2.2. %C9 23C3 3E3! B9CF $.25

19C7 CB9 8 9 &.25 26F8 3C 9 3 5B237 6B29242E23:

•"FDF 84F;

•4C7CEA7;

•8 9 32.

4C BF8.4.21 624CDC7C 2 EA 3DCF 2 893F 427 7 5DE23 (' (, CB$B59FDC92B, !/%) F 79B23 42 59C FF 6C4 923 (5.!).

	3D E								3D E
	4-7	&.25	5.!		&.25	5.!		&.25	4-7
				3			3
	3								3
	2	LAP-B	2	2	LAP-B	2	2	LAP-B	2
	1		1	1		1	1		1

4.21

4C 8C892 E3 53 72 26B E#7 6B29242E X.21 – 57F3 B8CEA7 F79 B" 8 5 2427 7 2 2B5 23C7F (DTE) F C66CBC95B2

271

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

6 B C F C77 (DCE) E 8F7 B2772 2 B F C BC 29 3 8 9 2 2 62EAD23C7F, C 9C4 6B29242E X.21bis E 2 23, 5 23E 932B F B 42 7 C F 8 BFF V.

16 E676F 73 53 72 F862EAD5 98 6B29242E LAP-B, 3E F 8 62 72 8932 6B29242EC HDLC. '929 6B29242E 2 86 F3C 9 8 CEC78FB23C77 B F BC 29, 92 2D7C C 9 BC3726BC3F 5DE23, 5 C8935 F 3 82 F7 7FF. !2 6B29242E5 LAP-B 589C7C3EF3C 98 82 F7 7F 5 427 7 F 5DEC F (42 6A 9 B2, CB$B59FDC92B2 FEF 8 2B F4C F-BCD 2B F4C F 6C4 923) F 42 59C92B2 8 9F, C 9C4 5 7 628B 893 772 83 DC77 F 42 59C92BC F.

2 2 3B 53 27 +.25/3 (3 89C7 CB9 7CD3C7 6E2 7A 53 72)

B CEFD5 98 8 F862EAD23C7F BCDEF 7 9F623 6C4 923 F 3 62E7 9

"574 FF 65 5 8C6 88 6E2 3, 673 F278 F 56C5A 6 85 6F 7343 E676F6 5 427 7 F C 27 79C F 8 9F F 56BC3E 7F 629242 6C4 923.

4C BF8.4.22 624CDC7C 628E 23C9 EA7289A "2B FB23C7F 4C BC 4C7CEA72 2 5B237 LAP-B, 6 B C3C 2 2 5 5DEC F F 5.!.

427 7 5DEC C77 2E 3 824F 5B237 (4-7) 56C423 3C 98 7C 8 9 32 (6C4 972) 5B237 3 6C4 9 &.25, 4292B DC9 6 B C#98 7C 2- 4C7CEA7 5B23 7A, 6C4 9 34EC 3C 98 3 62E C77 4C BC LAP-B. .C B LAP-B 34E C 9 3 8 35 C 923 DC 2E2324, 82 B C F C B 8 (/) F 62E «36BC3E 7F (3)», F 427 3F4 (2 FEF 4 C 9C), 82 B C F 4279B2EA75 85 5 (.1). 4C 893 2 BC E 7F 4C BC F862EAD5 98 8-F923C 628E 23C9 EA7289A 01111110, 7CD 3C C "EC 2 (9). 4CD7C 7F F 82 B C7F 54CDC77 62E BC88 C9BF3C 98 3 6.4.4.10.2, 6283 #772 26F8C7F 6B29242EC HDLC.

				%C77
			3 C 9C
			-C 2E2324	%C77		!C4 9 X.25
9	/	3	-C 2E2324	%C77	.1	9	.C B LAP-B
							4.22
4.3.2.3. &BC573!E97F9 !F2C 5E 73 3 B39 F797F

%E 589C723E 7F 3FB95CEA72 2 82 F7 7F 5D E-296BC3F9 EA 628 EC 9 5DE5-62E5 C9 E 6C4 9 Call Request (BF8.4.23) 6B29242EC X.25.

!2E, BC862E2 77 3 6 B3 9B C 9C DC 2E234C 6C4 9C, F862EAD5 98 32 38 9F6C 4C B23 6B29242EC &.25.

!BFD7C4 Q 26B E 9 8 87 35 6 88 3 62E C77 6C4 9C: Q=1 – 56BC3E C F7"2B C F, Q=0 – C77.

!BFD7C4 D 6B 7CD7C 7 E 3 25# 278 58, 6 6C4 9C 5DE2 7CD7C 7F.

272

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

%35 F9232 62E Modulo DC C#9
				1			2 3 4		5 6 7 8
2 5EA 75 BC FF 6C4 923: 10 –			2 5EA
128, C 01 – 2 5EA 8.						Q	D	Modulo	LGN
!2E	LGN	(Logical	Group					LCN
Number) 82 B F9		D7C 7F	73 256					Type
F34892 E3B	45 A,	2 F7					Lengh DA		Lengh DA
3FB95CEA7 4C7CE 8 2 7F 2 F							Destination address (DA)
"574 F27CEA7 6BFD7C42, 7C6BF B:								…

•62892 77 3FB95CEA7

4C7CE;				Source address (SA)
•	42 59FB5	56E 487		…
3FB95CEA7 4C7CE F 9. .
				Facilities length (FL)
!2E LCN (Logical Channel
				Facilities
Number) 82 B F9 73 25 85 6F 7343
E676F6, 7CD7C C 5DE2-F892 7F42				…
(E	42 59FB5	3FB95CEA7
4C7CE23) FEF C F7F89BC92B2 8 9F				User Data
(E 62892 77 3FB95CEA7 4C7CE23).				…
(C48F CEA72 42EF 8932 3FB95CEA7
4C7CE23, 6B2 2 F B D 2 F7 62B9,					4.23
BC372 28=256.

!2E & (Type), EF72 8 F9, 54CD 3C 9 8 6E2 6: 56BC3E F 6C4 9 FEF 6C4 9 C77. %E 56BC3E F 6C4 923 3 +9262E 54CD 3C 98 62 9F6 6C4 9C, C E 6C4 923 C77 – 72 BC 62E2 F9 EA7 F 29BF C9 EA7 43F9C7 F.

1E 5 F 3C 62E 26B E 9 F87 6 52 3 76C769278 8 8 3978E6 (DA F SA), 4292B BC862EC C 98 3 8E 5 F 35 62E. / B 8 DA F862EAD5 98 E CB$B59FDC FF 6C4 9C Call Request, C SA – E 6 B C F 5DE2 7CD7C 7F 62 93 B 7F 2 589C723E 7FF 82 F7 7F 659# 628 E4F 6C4 9C Call Accepted – « -C6B28 6BF7 9», 3 4292B2 +9F C B 8C 7 98 89C F. / B 8C 2 59 F 9A 6B2FD32EA7 "2B C9.

!2E Facilities length (!F876 3F F 4) F Facilities (-F 48) 75 7 E 82 EC823C7F 262E7F9 EA7 58E5, 4292B 6B 289C3E 9 8 9A C 27 795. 4C6BF B, 62EAD23C9 EA 8 62 2 A 58E5 F «12 EC823C7F 6CBC 9B23 56BC3E 7F 629242» 2 9 F862EAD23C9A 7 89C7 CB97 D7C 7F 6CBC 9B23 6B29242EC, 9C4F 4C4 BCD B 247C, C48F CEA7 BCD B 62E C77 6C4 9C F 9. 6.

!2E User Data (3F2 677AD) 2 9 F 9A BCDEF 7 C48F CEA7 D7C 7F EF7: 29 64 2 4096 C 9. !B 62 9F9 EA72 3E 98 EF7C 128 C 9.

!C4 9 Call Request CB$B59FDFB5 98 3 5DEC 8 9F 7C 28723C7FF 9C EF CB$B59FDC FF, 6B24EC 3C 6BF +92 3FB95CEA7 4C7CE. 4C CEA72 D7C 7F 72 BC 3FB95CEA72 2 4C7CEC DC C 9 62EAD23C9 EA 3 +92 6C4 9 3 62E LCN. !28E 589C723E 7F 3FB95CEA72 2 4C7CEC 427 7 5DE 2 7F3C 98 6C4 9C F C77 (Data), 3 4292B 6 B3

273

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

9BF C 9C 9C4F , 4C4 3 6C4 9 Call Request, C C B 87 62E F 62E 58E5 298598935 9.

.2 59C92B (5.!) 8 9 &.25 6B2 F $3E CB$B59FDC92B23, 62842EA45 7 62 B F3C 9 6B2 5B 2 7C CB$B5972 F7"2B C F F, 4C4 8E 893F, 6B2 5B 62F84C 269F CEA7 CB$B5923, C 9C4 7 3 62E7 9 6B 2 BCD23C7F "2B C923 4C B23 4C7CEA7 6B29242E23. 1 B5 2 892B27, 62 8BC37 7F 8 42 59C92BC F E24CEA7 8 9, 4292B 6B2892 6 B C 9 628956F3$F 4C B 7C 3 2 72 62B9, 42 59C92B &.25 3 62E7 9 B 262E7F9 EA7 "574 F, C F 772:

•6BF7F C 9 4C B LAP-B F 6B23 B 9 4279B2EA75 85 5;

•6BF 2 7CB5 7FF 2$F 4F FEF 59 B 4C BC 2B C7FD5 9 62392B75 6 B C 5;

•"2B FB5 9 293 9-62 93 B 7F 8 4274B 97 72 B2;

•26B E 9 62 72 B5 3FB95CEA72 2 4C7CEC 3 2 72 62B9, FD3E 4C 9 FD 4C BC 6C4 9 &.25, C DC9 "2B FB5 9 723 4C B E CEA7$2 6B2 3F 7F 6C4 9C.

4CEF F +9F "574 F 2 58E23EF3C 9 8BC37F9 EA72 7 3 8245 6B2FD32 F9 EA7289A 42 59C92B23 &.25, 4292BC 8289C3E 9 7 842EA42 9 8 6C4 923 3 8 457 5.

!B29242E 8 9 &.25 EF BCDBC 29C7 F 78CE3 E353 7AD

E676F3 C8 A 3E8 53 72 3 2D F 72 46567 85$ 52 2 3B 53 E73B 3 3 73 8, 72 2 59 589C7C3EF3C9A 6BF2BF9 9 9BC"F4C 29 EA7 3FB95CEA7 4C7CE23, 4292B 54CD 3C 98 3 DC6B28 7C 589C723E 7F 82 F7 7F 3 62E 58E5.

4.3.3.!65C Frame Relay

4.3.3.1.'B3(9773BCF C9 73E3 FF Frame Relay

Frame Relay – 8 9F, 4292B 62 8BC37 7F 8 8 9 F &.25 2BCD 2 E5$ 62 2 9 E 6 B C F 65EA8FB5 2 9BC"F4C E24CEA7 8 9 3 9 8E5 C, 42 C 4C7CE 83 DF 6BF EF C 98 62 4C 8935 4 4C7CEC E24CEA7 8 9, 7C6BF B 6BF F862EAD23C7FF 32E242772-269F 84F 4C E.

6C88 29BF 4BC942 287237 282 77289F 9 72E2 FF Frame Relay.

1. 18CE6 53 3E3F 76 8C A 3973 8 F 2B 6456 7AB 52#8 56 3 A 8 9 Frame Relay 2 86 F3C 9 3 8245 6B2658475 86282 7289A (2 2 ( F9/8) F 7 2EA$F DC B 4F 4C B23. 92 3B 9 72E2 F Frame Relay 72 3 2 298 62 76 2#7$ 252 69 4C B23,

32DEC C +9F "574 FF 7C 6B29242E 3 B 7F 5B237.

2. .6567 853 6776 3 25#E6 3 73 7AD 3E6C6 2F2B E692 6 3 F #8 678 – 8B 7 842B289F 6 B C F C77 62 3FB95CEA72 5 4C7CE5 6BF 26589F 65EA8C F 9BC"F4C – 287237C 282 77289A, 29EF C C 9 72E2 F Frame Relay 29 &.25.

3. 19C7 CB9 Frame Relay 26B E 9 6 8 6 85 6F 7AD E676F3 – 62892 77 (PVC) F 42 59FB5 (SVC).

274

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

4.) 72E2 F Frame Relay F862EAD5 9 E 6 B C F C77 9 7F45 3FB95CEA7 82 F7 7F, C7CE2 F 75 92, 4292BC 6BF 7 98 3 8 9 &.25. * 7C42 62EAD23C9 EA84F C77 (6BF 589C723E 772 3FB95CEA72 82 F7 7FF) 3 8 9 Frame Relay 6 B C 98 62 6B29242EC 92EA42

8C892 E343 8 E676F 7343 53 72B, 3 92 3B 4C4 3 8 9 &.25 628E 589C723E 7F 82 F7 7F C77 6 B C 98 6B29242E2 3-2 5B237.

5.!2 8BC37 7F 8 9 72E2 F &.25 3 8 9 Frame Relay 7A$ 76EF6 7A2 56 D3 A 6BF 6 B C C77, 9C4 4C4 27F 34EC 3C 98 3 4C B 4C7CEA72 2 5B237, C 7 3 6C4 9 8 9 32 2 5B237, 4C4 3 8 9 &.25.

6.!B29242E 4C7CEA72 2 5B237 LAP-F 3 8 9 Frame Relay, 29728 F 8 4 8 8935 6B29242E23 HDLC, F 9 6 52#8 6 56 3 A –$* (core) %$6 /2 * (control). 2872372 B F 4C B 6 B C 98 D 6B 2 BCD23C7F F 4279B2E, 4C4 F 3 42 59C92BC E24CEA7 8 9. -C 8 9 +92 2 8 9F Frame Relay 2 EC C 9 3 8A C 3 8242 6B2FD32 F9 EA7289A, 9C4 4C4 4C B 3 42 59C92BC 7 62 3 B C 98 6B 2 BCD23C7F, C 8 9A 7 6 B C 9 43F9C7 FF 62 93 B 7F 5 42 59C92BC F 7C 4C 62EAD23C9 EA84F 4C B, 4C4 +92 6B2F8 2 F9 3 8 9F &.25. !5EA8FB5 F 9BC"F4 6 B C#98 3 8 9F Frame Relay 289C92 72 89B2 F D 2EA$F DC B 4.

7.) 72E2 F Frame Relay, 2BF 79FB23C77C 7C F862EAD23C7F

4C7CE23 83 DF 3 8242 2 4C 893C, 7 6B 58 C9BF3C 9 3 62E7 7F

"574 F 62 3 765 #278$ 8 E3552E 88 8 E6#,77AD E6 53. '9F "574 FF 32DEC C 98 7C 427 7 5DE, 4292B 2E 7 2 7CB5 F3C9A F 42BB 49FB23C9A 2$F 4F 8 F862EAD23C7F 6B29242E23 9BC7862B972 2 FEF 2E 3 824F 5B237. +92 2972$7FF 9 72E2 F Frame Relay EFD4C 4 9 72E2 F E24CEA7 8 9, 9C4F 4C4 Ethernet, Token Ring F FDDI,

4292B 92 92EA42 3 56 A 6$ 8 E6#277A2 E6 5A, 72 8C F 7 DC7F C 98 F 62392B72 6 B C.

16282 7289A 9 72E2 FF Frame Relay 46567 853 6 72E3 35A2 656 2 5A E692 6 3 F #8 678 (QoS) 3E 98 4E 32. 2 772 62+92 5 C77C 9 72E2 F 62E5 FEC $FB242 BC86B289BC7 7F.

4.3.3.2. 13 92) 5 569BC!5 3(BE )F!57F

) 72E2 F Frame Relay CBC79FB23C772 2 86 F3C 9 3 62E7 7F 287237 6CBC 9B23 4C 893C 9BC7862B972 2 2 8E5 F3C7F, 7 2 2 F 6BF 2 F7 7FF E24CEA7 8 9. %E +92 2 6BF 589C723E 7FF 82 F7 7F F862EAD5 98 54%#2 32 232 2"5$2 6%3$2 , 298598935 C 3 8 9 &.25 F DC4E C C 8 3 8E 5.

%E 4C 2 2 3FB95CEA72 2 82 F7 7F 26B E 98 D7C 7F 6CBC 9B23, 3EF F 7C 4C 8932 2 8E5 F3C7F (BF8.4.24):

• CIR (Committed Information Rate) – A5F76A5 6996 49 53 6 45996 A 535A18, 8 4292B2 8 9A 5 9 6 B C3C9A C77 62EAD23C9 E;

275

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

•B (Committed Burst Size) – A5F76A5 699 5 (2 BD78A6 44, 92 89A C48F CEA72 42EF 8932 C 923, 4292B2 8 9A 5 9 6 B C3C9A 29 +92 2 62EAD23C9 E DC F79 B3CE 3B 7F ";

•Be (Excess Burst Size) – C5B579412789 5 (2 BD78A6 44, 92 89A C48F CEA72 42EF 8932 C 923, 4292B2 8 9A 5 9 6 9C9A8 6 B C9A 83 B 589C723E 772 2 D7C 7F / DC F79 B3CE 3B 7F ).

-2#2(5 # 2"5$2 6%3$2 (QoS)

CIR (Committed Information Rate) –

82 EC823C77C 842B289A 6 B C F C77

B (Committed Burst Size) – 82 EC823C77C 3 EF F7C 65EA8C FF

Be (Excess Burst Size) – 262E7F9 EA7C 3 EF F7C 65EA8C FF

4.24

,CBC79F 62 C6 25#E6 6 B C F 4C B23 9 72E2 F Frame Relay 7 C 9, 289C3E +95 58E5 5 8 9 /)(.

*87237 6CBC 9B2, 62 4292B2 5 C 27 79 F 8 9A DC4E C 9 82 EC$7F 6BF 589C723E 7FF 3FB95CEA72 2 82 F7 7F, 3E 98

34F6 3 6776 E353 252 698 677AD. %E 62892 77 3FB95CEA7 4C7CE23 +92 82 EC$7F 3E 98 C89A 4279BC49C 7C 62EAD23C7F 58E5 C F 8 9F. !BF 589C723E 7FF 42 59FB5 2 2 3FB95CEA72 2 4C7CEC 82 EC$7F 2 4C 893 2 8E5 F3C7F DC4E C 98 C392 C9F 84F 8 62 2 A 6B29242EC Q.931/933 – 9B 5 6CBC 9B CIR, / F Be 6 B C 98 3 6C4 9 DC6B28C 7C 589C723E 7F 82 F7 7F.

)C4 4C4 842B289A 6 B C F C77 2 72 FD BF9A 92EA42 7C 4C4292 F79 B3CE 3B 7F, 92 3 4C 893 9C42 2 4279B2EA72 2 F79 B3CEC, 7C 4292B2 6B23 B 98 58E23F 82 EC$7F, 3 FBC 98 3B ), D7C 7F 4292B2 2 26B E 98 8E 5 F 2 BCD2: T = Bc / CIR (BF8.4.25).

!2EAD23C9 EA 3 82293 9893FF 8 82 EC$7F 2E 7 6 B C3C9A 3 8 9A C77 82 8B 7 842B289A, BC372 CIR (6B C B1 = CIR *t 7C

BF8.4.25). 18EF 27 7CB5$C 9 82 EC$7F F 6 B C#9 C77 82 8B 7 842B289A R (6B C B2 = R *t 7C BF8.4.25), 92 8 9A 7 CBC79FB5 9

289C345 4C BC. !BF +92, 2 9 62B, 624C 2 # 6 B C77 C77 7 6B 3$C 9 / 4C B F 9 86 FCEA7 6BFD7C4 DE (Discard Eligibility), BC37 0 (4C B .1 F .2). 18EF 2 # 6 B C77 C77 6B 3 8FE /, 92 38 628E 5 F 4C B 62 C 98 6BFD7C42 DE, BC37 1 (4C B .3).

.C B, 29 77 9C4F 6BFD7C42, 62 E C9 5 CE 7F, 2 7C42 27F 5 CE 98 FD 8 9F 92EA42 3 92 8E5 C, 8EF 42 59C92B 5 59

276

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

6 B B5 7. 18EF 6 B B5D24 7 9, 92 4C B 8 6BFD7C42 DE=1 289C3E 98 C B 8C95.

B

K4(29 B2$7)

Bc+Be

K3(DE=1) B2=R*t

Bc

K2(DE=0)

K1(DE=0)

B1=CIR*t

R

CIR t

T=Bc/CIR

4.25

)C42 623 7F 8 9F 82293 98935 9 8E5 C, 42 C 2 2 # C77, 6 B C77 62EAD23C9 E 3 8 9A DC 6 BF2 ), 7 6B 3$C 9 (/+/2). 18EF +929 62B2 6B 3$7, 92 4C B 7 62 C 98 6BFD7C42 DE, C 7 E 772 5 CE 98 FD 8 9F (4C B .4).

%E 4279B2E 82 EC$7F 2 6CBC 9BC 4C 893C 2 8E5 F3C7F 38 42 59C92B 8 9F Frame Relay 3 62E7 9 9C4 7CD 3C CE 2BF9 «B 32 2 3 BC» (Leaky Bucket). /E 2BF9 F862EAD5 9 92 98E 628956F3$F 29 62EAD23C9 E C 9. .C " 8 457 D7C 7F 8 9 F4C 5 7A$C 98 7C 3 EF F75 / FEF 8 BC8 3C 98 3 0, 8EF D7C 7F 8 9 F4C 7A$ , /. 8 4C B, C77 4292B 7 53 EF FEF D7C 7F 8 9 F4C 83$ 62B2 C /, 6B26584C 98 3 8 9A 82 D7C 7F 6BFD7C4C DE=0. .C B, 4292B 53 EF FEF D7C 7F 8 9 F4C 83$ /, 72 7A$ (/+/2), 9C4 6 B C 98 3 8 9A, 72 8 6BFD7C42 DE=1. 2 7C427 , 4C B, 4292B 53 EF FEF D7C 7F 8 9 F4C 83$ (/+/2), 29 BC8 3C 98 42 59C92B2.

!2EAD23C9 EA 2 9 34E F9A 3 82 EC$7F 7 38 6CBC 9B 4C 893C 2 8E5 F3C7F, C 92EA42 7 4292B. 4C6BF B, F862EAD23C7F 6CBC 9B23 CIR F / 2 86 F3C 9 2E 4C 893 772 2 8E5 F3C7F, 9C4 4C4 4C B 7F42 C 7 29 BC8 3C 98 42 59C92B2 8BCD5. .2 59C92B 92EA42 62 C 9 6BFD7C42 DE=1 4C B, 4292B 6B 3$C 9 62B2 / DC 3B ". 18EF 3 8 9F 7 32D7F4C 9 6 B B5D4F, 92 4C B 9C42 2 4C7CEC 38 C 2 59 2 427 72 2 5DEC, C 8EF 62EAD23C9 EA 7CB5$C 9 82 EC$7F 8 8 9A.

( C7FD DC4CDC 8B 7 6B2658472 86282 7289F F C48F CEA72 65EA8C FF 3E 98 287237 C7FD 2 56BC3E 7F 62924C F 4C B23 3

277

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

8 9 Frame Relay. 12 EC$7F 2E 7 DC4E C9A8 9C4F 2 BCD2, 92 85 C 8B 7F 842B289 3FB95CEA7 4C7CE23 7 6B 328 2 FEC 32D 2 7289 62B923 42 59C92B23. !BF DC4CD 62892 77 4C7CE23 DC +92 293 C 9 C F7F89BC92B, C 6BF 589C723E 7FF 42 59FB5 3FB95CEA7 4C7CE23 – 6B2 BC 72 2 86 7F 42 59C92B23. !BF 6BC3FEA72 3D 9 7C 8 2 DC9 EA893C 8 9A 2B 98 8 6 B B5D4C F 659 5 CE 7F 4C B23 8 6BFD7C42 DE=1 F 4C B23, 6B 3 8F3$F 62B2 (/+/2).

.B2 +92 2, 3 9 72E2 FF Frame Relay 26B E 7 # F 262E7F9 EA7 (7 2 DC9 EA7) C7FD 56BC3E 7F 4C BC F. '92 C7FD 2623 7F 427 7 62EAD23C9 E 2 6 B B5D4C 3 42 59C92BC 8 9F.

!BF 82D C7FF 42 59FB5 2 2 3FB95CEA72 2 4C7CEC 6CBC 9B 4C 893C 2 8E5 F3C7F 6 B C 98 3 8 9A 8 62 2 A 6B29242EC Q.931. '929 6B29242E 589C7C3EF3C 9 3FB95CEA72 82 F7 7F 8 62 2 A 7 842EA4F 8E5 7 6C4 923.

4.3.3.3. B 3E 43!57F9 B9C9 Frame Relay

38E5 F Frame Relay F &.25 2 72 6B 289C3E 98 2 7F F F 9 F26 BC92BC F, C 6B2FD32 F9 EF 3 6584C 9 42 59C92B, 4292B 2 59 BC 29C9A 4C4 62 6B29242EC &.25, 9C4 F 62 6B29242EC Frame Relay.

) 72E2 F Frame Relay 3 9 BBF92BFCEA7 8 9 8 42 59C F 6C4 923 2 72 BC88 C9BF3C9A 4C4 C7CE2 9 72E2 FF Ethernet 3 E24CEA7 8 9. * 9 72E2 FF:

•6B 289C3E 9 89B CD23 9BC7862B97 58E5 F, 289C3E 4C B D CBC79F 3 5D E 7CD7C 7F 9C BC 7 86282 2;

•8EF 4C B 9 B 98, 92 7 6B 6BF7F C 98 7F4C4F 58FEF E F 32889C723E 7F.

*98 C 3 32 – 3F2C76 53 E76 3 3 73 58 56 3 2 9252C

2 8 Frame Relay C6 8 8 3 E692 6 E676F3 8 2 3 3 3 673 F278 6E2 3 7C 5B237 89 4C 6B29242E23, BC862E2 772 2 7C 6B29242E2 Frame Relay. 18EF 4C7CE 4C 893 77, 92 4C B 5 59 9 B 9A8 F F84C C9A8 B 42, 9C4 92 842B289A 32889C723E 7F 6C4 923 6B29242EC F 9BC7862B972 2 5B237 5 9 362E7 6BF E C. 18EF 4C B F84C C 98 F 9 B 98 C892, 92 62E D7C 6B265847C 86282 7289A 3 8 9F Frame Relay 2 9 56C89A 3 8 94F BCD, 4C4 +92 6B2F8 2 F9 3 8 9 Ethernet 6BF 6E2 2 82892 7FF 4C EA72 8F89. !2+92 5 8 9F Frame Relay 8E 5 9 6BF 7 9A 6BF 7CEF FF 7C C F89BCEA7 4C7CEC 32E242772-269F 84F 4C E 3 8242 2 4C 893C. .C7CE 28956C 2 59 9A F 7C 3F92 6CB, 6BF 58E23FF 2 86 7F 6BF E 2 2 5B237 F84C 7F C77.

0 82 46567 8B 76 C6 25#E 6 B C F 4C B23 3 8 9 Frame Relay F 8BC37F9 EA72 7 2EA$C 842B289A 6 B C F C77 3 2 ( F9/8 2 BC7F F3C 9 F 6BF 7 7F E 6 B C F 2E28C F 6BC49F 84F EC 9 7 32D 2 7 6 B C 5 3F 2.

278

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

%E 6 B C F 2E28C 3 8 9 Frame Relay F862EAD5 98 6BF2BF9 DC F 9BC"F4C, DC4E C C 8 3 6BF832 7FF 4C BC, 6 B 728 F DC B 2E28C, 58358 2 3. (C F89BCEA7 42 59C92B Frame Relay 9C4F 4C B 2 8E5 F3C 9 3 6 B35 2 B A.

4.3.4. "6 79E9DC# $"

B ' (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) - 9 72E2 F 6 87D5377343 52#8 6 252 698, F862EAD5 C CE 7A4F 6C4 9 "F48FB23C772 2 BCD BC, 7CD 3C 92BE6 8 (cells), 6B 7CD7C 77C E 6 B C F 3 8 9F 56CF897AD 8 3 56 8E6 – 2E28, 3F 2 F C77, 2 86 F3C 6BF +92 289C92 75 6B2658475 86282 7289A E 4C 2 2 FD 7F F CBC79FB5 832 3B 775 289C345 3286BFF F3 4 DC B 4C C77. ) 72E2 F ATM 2 9 F862EAD23C9A8 4C4 E 6289B2 7F 3 8242842B2897 E24CEA7 8 9, 9C4 F C F89BCE, 2 F7 F 9BC F F277 E24CEA7 8 9F.

/)( BCDBC C9 3CEC8A 4C4 CEA9 B7C9F3C 87D53773B 252 692 STM (Synchronous Transfer Mode), 3 28723 4292B2 E F9 9 72E2 F TDM.

,EC37 7 289C924 9 72E2 FF TDM DC4E C 98 3 7 32D 2 7289F 6 B BC86B E 9A 6B2658475 86282 7289A 2 F7 772 2 4C7CEC 5 62 4C7CEC F (3B 77 F 8E29C F), 4292B 6B 289C3E 98 62EAD23C9 E E 6 B C F C77. 18EF 3B 772 8E29 7 F862EAD5 98 62EAD23C9 E F 62 4C7CE 832 2 7, 2 B 85B8 7 2 59 9A 6 B C7 B5 2 5 62EAD23C9 E, 92 6BF32 F9 4 629 B 6B2658472 86282 7289F 4C7CEC F, 4C4 8E 893F, 4 87F 7F B CEA72 842B289F 6 B C F C77.9 72E2 FF /)( 4F 7 6BF3 DC7 4 3B 77A 8E29C, C F F 79F"F4C F 7C 6BF# 72 892B27 285 893E 98 7 62 72 B5 8E29C, C 62 F 79F"F4C92B5 3FB95CEA72 2 82 F7 7F.

)BC"F4 823B 77 42 6A 9 B7 8 9 2 72 BCD F9A 7C 3C 2EA$F 4EC88C:

• 6292423 (stream), 6B 89C3E F 82 2 BC372 B7 62924 C77 (BF8.4.26,C) 8 62892 772 F9232 842B289A (CBR – Constant Bit

Rate);

• 65EA8FB5 F (burst), 6B 89C3E F 82 2 7 BC372 B7 7 6B 84CD5 62924 C77 (BF8.4.26, ) 8 6 B 772 F9232 842B289A (VBR – Variable Bit Rate).

!292423 9BC"F4 (CBR)

!5EA8FB5 F 9BC"F4 (VBR)

4.26

279

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

!292423 9BC"F4 CBC49 B 7 E C5 F2 F 3F 2 C77, E 4292B 2872372 CBC49 BF89F42 4C 893C 2 8E5 F3C7F 3E 98 DC B 4C 6 B C F C77. !5EA8FB5 F 9BC"F4 "2B FB5 98 6BFE2 7F F, 83 DC77 F, 7C6BF B, 8 6 B C "C E23 F 6BF BC 29 62EAD23C9 E 3 B F «DC6B28-293 9». !5EA8FB5 F 9BC"F4 2 72 7 53893F9 E 7 4 DC B 4C, 72 53893F9 E 7 4 629 B F F84C 7F 6 B C3C 6C4 923.

) 72E2 F /)( BCDBC C9 3CEC8A 4C4 9 72E2 F, 86282 7C 2 8E5 F3C9A 38 3F 9BC"F4C 3 82293 9893FF 8 F 9B 23C7F F DC 8 #9 F862EAD23C7F:

•9 7F4F 3FB95CEA7 4C7CE23;

•6B 3CBF9 EA72 2 DC4CDC 6CBC 9B23 4C 893C 2 8E5 F3C7F;

•6BF2BF9 DC FF 9BC"F4C.

19C7 CB9 26B E 9 /)( 4C4 87 25 2B 8 53 3E3F, 4292B BCDBC 29C7 F E3 6 88 9BC"F4C B D 2 5 A 3E3 E353 7$

8B 5 8 62892 772 FEF 6 B 772 F9232 842B289A.

4.3.4.1. '( F9 2F7 F 8 C9 73E3 FF *D

!2 2, B CEFD23C77 3 9 72E2 FF /)(, 82892F9 3 6 B C E 2 2 3F C 9BC"F4C – 42 6A 9 B72 2 FEF 5EA9F F 72 2 – 6C4 9C F "F48FB23C772 EF7 3 53 C 9C, 7CD 3C F 4C F (cell). !2E C77 4F DC7F C 9 48 C 9, C DC 2E2324 – 5 C 9.

6CD B 4 3 FBCE8 F8 2 FD 35 6B29F32B F3 58E23F:

•8 2 72 892B27, BCD B 4F 2E 7 9A 289C92 72 CE, 92 824BC9F9A 3B DC B 4F 3 5DEC 8 9F;

•8 B5 2 892B27, BCD B 4F 2E 7 9A 289C92 72 3 EF4, 92 F7F FDFB23C9A 629 BF 6B2658472 86282 7289F, 2 58E23E 77 7C4EC 7 F BC8 2 C F 7C 6 B C 5 DC 2E234C 4F.

!B F 5 893C 4 6 B 4C BC F E24CEA7 8 9 62 B2 72 BC88 29B 7 3 6.1.5.1.4.

%E 5 7A$7F 2EF 8E5 72 F7"2B C FF 3 4 3 9 72E2 FF /)( 6BF 7 7 89C7 CB97 E 9 BBF92BFCEA72-BC86B E 77 3 F8EF9 EA7 8 9 6BF – 6 B C C 4 3 82293 9893FF 8 2D78E3B 85 6F 7AD E676F3 8 EF72 72 BC 3FB95CEA72 2 82 F7 7F 3 24 F9, 92 362E7 289C92 72 E 2 8E5 F3C7F 2EA$2 2 42EF 893C 3FB95CEA7 82 F7 7F 4C 62B92 42 59C92BC 8 9F /)(.

1 9A /)( F 9 4EC88F 845 89B5495B5 9 BBF92BFCEA72 8 9F (BF8.4.27,C) – 427 7 89C7 FF A, B, ..., G 82 F7 98 F7 F3F 5CEA7 F 4C7CEC F 8 42 59C92BC F, 4292B 3 832 2 B A 2 59 82 F7 9A8 8 B5 F F 42 59C92BC F. 12293 9893 772 3 89C7 CB9 26B E 7 2 9F6C F79 B" 8C (BF8.4.27, ):

•62EAD23C9 EA – 8 9A (User-Network Interface, UNI);

•8 9A – 8 9A (Network-Network Interface, NNI).

16 F"F4C F UNI 26B E 9:

•89B5495B5 6C4 9C,

280