687983_a1d9b_aliev_t_i_seti_evm_i_telekommunikacii

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

•C B 8C F 89C7 F,

•2 7 56BC3E F7"2B C F,

•5B237F 6B29242EC /)(,

•86282 589C723E 7F 3FB95CEA72 2 4C7CEC,

•86282 56BC3E 7F 9BC"F42.

C)	/	NNI	/)(	D
	UNI		42 59C92B	UNI
		/)(	NNI	E
		42 59C92B
	UNI			F
			/)(
	1	NNI		UNI
			42 59C92B
				G

)		5# 5* B '
UNI (User-Network Interface)				NNI (Network-Network Interface)

4.27

.2 59C F 6C4 923 6B2F8 2 F9 7C 28723 4C2914 4 61536

431D67895F5 69676 (Virtual Channel Identifier, VCI), 4292B 7CD7C C 98 82 F7 7F 6BF 2 589C723E 7FF F 57F 92 C 98 6BF BCDB 3 82 F7 7F.

FB95CEA7 4C7CE 2 59 9A 3 3 77A 8 (PVC) F E3 85 2 A 8 (SVC). %E 5842B 7F 42 59C FF 3 2EA$F 8 9 F862EAD5 98 627 9F 85 6F 7343 8 (Virtual Path), 4292B 2 F7 9 3FB95CEA7 4C7CE, F F 3 8 9F /)( 2 F CB$B59 5 F8 2 7 F 427 7 5DEC F FEF 2 5 C89A CB$B59C 5 35 42 59C92BC F 8 9F. C2914 4 6153 431D67895F5 BD14 (Virtual Path Identifier, VPI) 3E 98 89CB$ C89A E24CEA72 2 C B 8C F 6B 89C3E 9 82 2 2 F 6B "F48 E 7 4292B2 2 42EF 893C BCDEF 7 3FB95CEA7 4C7CE23. )C4F 2 BCD2, C B 8C F 3 9 72E2 FF /)( B CEFD23C7C 7C 35 5B237:

•7C 5B237 C B 823 427 7 5DE23 (7C +9C6 589C723E 7F 3FB95CEA72 2 4C7CEC);

•7C 5B237 72 B23 3FB95CEA7 4C7CE23 (6BF 6 B C C77

62 8"2B FB23C772 5 3FB95CEA72 5 4C7CE5).

19C7 CB9 /)( 7 332 F9 832F 86 F"F4C FF 7C B CEFDC F "FDF 842 2 5B237 F 28723 3C 98 7C 9 72E2 FF SDH/SONET, 6BF7F C # F BCB F 842B289. *B C7FDC F /)( Forum 26B EFEC E /)( 7 38 F BCB FF 842B289 SDH, C 92EA42 842B289F *1-3 (155 ( F9/8) 8 F862EAD23C7F 32E242772-269F 842 2 4C E FEF 7 +4BC7FB23C772

281

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

3F92 6CB 4C9 2BFF 5 F *1-12 (622 ( F9/8) 8 F862EAD23C7F 92EA42 32E242772-269F 842 2 4C E.

2 98 F B5 F "FDF 84F F79 B" 8 8 9 /)(, 29EF 7 29

SDH/SONET:

•F79 B" 8 )1/11 F )-/1-, F862EAD5 3 E2 CEA7 8 9;

•F79 B" 8 E24CEA7 8 9 82 842B289A 100 ( F9/8 (FDDI) F 25 ( F9/8.

%E B$7F DC C F 823 7F BCD72B2 72 2 9BC"F4C 3 2 72 8 9F 3 9 72E2 FF /)( B CEFD23C7 6BF7 F6 C6E6C6 53 E73B 3 3 73 8 F

E692 6 3 F #8 678, 4C4 3 9 72E2 FF Frame Relay.

4.3.4.2. %C9 23C3 3E3! *D

19 4 6B29242E23 /)( 624CDC7 7C BF8.4.28, C BC86B E 7F 6B29242E23 62 427 7 5DEC F 42 59C92BC /)( – 7C BF8.4.29.

.5#! 5 %#$

			!2 5B23 7A		* C C89A 62 5B237
	4#$		4273 B 7 FF		4273 B 7 FF
					16 F"F 84C E
	242& 2
					8 B3F8C C89A
		B ' (AAL1-5)
			!2 5B23 7A 8 79C FF F
			B C88 EFB23C7F
			(CB$B59FDC F, 5EA9F6E 48FB23C7F,
		4#$5 B '	56BC3E 7F 629242, 2 BC 294C
				6BF2BF9 923)
	5 3 "5 *		!2 5B23 7A 82 EC823C7F 6 B C F
			!2 5B23 7A,	DC3F8 F 29 "FDF 842
	%#$5
					8B

4.28

19 4 6B29242E23 /)( 82293 98935 9 7F 7F 5B237 8 F5B237 32 2 EF ISO/OSI F 34E C 9:

•5B23 7A C C69C FF /)(,

•82 893 772 5B23 7A /)(;

•"FDF 84F 5B23 7A.

!B 2 2 82293 9893F 5 5B237 F 6B29242E23 9 72E2 FF /)( F 5B237 F 2 EF OSI 7 9.

4#$5 242& 2 (B ' Adaptation Layer, AAL) 6B 89C3E 9 82 2 7C 2B 6B29242E23, 4292B 6B 2 BCD5 9 E24F C77 6B29242E23 3 B 7F 5B237 8 9F /)( 3 4F /)( 75 72 2 "2B C9C. 9574 FF +9F 5B237 289C92 72 58E2372 82293 98935 9 "574 F 9BC7862B972 2 5B237 2 EF OSI, 7C6BF B "574 F 6B29242E23 TCP FEF UDP. !B29242E AAL 6BF 6 B C 62EAD23C9 EA842 2 9BC"F4C BC 29C 9 92EA42

282

	123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF
3 427 7 5DEC 8 9F (8. BF8.4.29), 4C4 F 9BC7862B97 6B29242E
2EA$F7893C 9 72E2 F.
4-7			4-7
//L 1-5			//L 1-5
/)(	/)(	/)(	/)(
9FDF 84F	9FDF 84F	9FDF 84F	9FDF 84F
*37297AB C2F	*3 6 35	*3 6 35	*37297AB C2F
			4.29

4#$5 B ' DC7F C 9 3 89 4 6B29242E23 /)( 6BF B72 92 892, 92 6B29242E IP 3 89 4 TCP/IP FEF 6B29242E LAP-F 3 89 4 6B29242E23 9 72E2 FF Frame Relay. !B29242E /)( DC7F C 98 6 B C 4 B D 42 59C92B 6BF 589C723E 772 F 7C89B2 772 3FB95CEA72 82 F7 7FF, 92 89A 7C 28723C7FF 2923 9C EF 42 59C FF 62B923. !B29242E /)( 3 62E7 9 42 59C F 62 72 B5 3FB95CEA72 2 82 F7 7F, 4292B 3 9 72E2 FF /)( BCD F9 7C 3 C89F –

8 27 8 8E6 35 85 6F 7343 8 (Virtual Path Identifier, VPI) F

8 27 8 8E6 35 85 6F 7343 E676F6 (Virtual Channel Identifier, VCI).

.B2 [phone] DC C F 6B29242E /)( 3 62E7 9 B "574 F 62 4279B2E DC 82 E 7F 9BC"F4-4279BC49C 82 892B27 62EAD23C9 E 8 9F, CB4FB234 4-7CB5$F9 E, 29 BC8 3C7F 4-7CB5$F9 E 6BF 6 B B5D4 8 9F, C 9C4 56BC3E 7F 629242 4 E 623$7F 6B2FD32 F9 EA7289F 8 9F.

4.3.4.3. +32A5C *D-69 F

!B29242E /)( BC 29C 9 8 4C F 8E 5 2 "2B C9C, 6B 89C3E 772 2 7C BF8.4.30.

!2E 4$65 5 & ( (Generic Flow Control) F862EAD5 98 92EA42 3 UNI 6BF 3DCF 2 893FF 427 72 2 5DEC F 6 B32 2 42 59C92BC 8 9F E 56BC3E 7F 9BC"F42 F 6B 293BC 7F 6 B B5D4F. %E NNI +92 62E 7 26B E 72, C 2 F9 F862EAD5 98 E BC8$FB 7F 62E F 79F"F4C92BC 3FB95CEA72 2 659F (VPI).

!2E 45 2 # $# %26 &% (VitualPath Identifier, VPI) F 45 2 # $# %26 2 262 (Vitual Channel Identifier, VCI) DC7F C 9 82293 9893 772 8 F 16 F9. '9F 62E DC C 9 95 23 431D67895F5 A52C49294 , BCD E 77 7C 89CB$5 (VPI) F EC$5

(VCI) C89F.

!2E & & 653 * 2 #%3 (Payload Type Identifier, PTI) 82892F9 FD 3- F9 F DC C 9 9F6 62E D72 7C B5D4F, 6 B 728F 2 42 – 62EAD23C9 EA84F C77 FEF 56BC3E C F7"2B C F (7C6BF B, E 589C723E 7F 3FB95CEA72 2 82 F7 7F). .B2 92 2, 2 F7 F9 +92 2 62E F862EAD5 98 E 54CDC7F 6 B B5D4F 3 8 9F.

283

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

-C 2E2324 4F (5 C 9)

				7F9						7C 9
	8	7	6	5	4	3	2		1
	36BC3E 7F 629242 (GFC)					45 2 #				1
					$# %26 &% (VPI)
		45 2 #				3 27 8	8E6 35			2
	$# %26 &% (VPI)				85 6F 7343 E676F6 (VCI)
		3 27 8 8E6 35 85 6F 7343 E676F6 (VCI)								3
		3 27 8	8E6 35		)F6 62E D72				!!:	4
	85 6F 7343 E676F6 (VCI)				7C B5D4F (PTI)
		36BC3E 7F 2$F 4C F 3 DC 2E234 (HEC)								5
										6
			%C77 6C4 9C
											…
										53
											4.30

2 72 F9232 62E --6 – 58358 2 3 258 192BE8 (Cell Loss Priority, CLP) 42 59C92B /)( 29 C 9 4F, 4292B 7CB5$C 9 82 EC$7F 2 6CBC 9BC 4C 893C 2 8E5 F3C7F, 92 5 CEF9A F 6BF 6 B B5D4C 8 9F: 4F 8 CLP=0 3E 98 3 82426BF2BF9 97 F, C 4F 8 CLP=1 – 7FD426BF2BF9 97 F F 2 59 9A 5 CE 7 6BF 6 B B5D4C.

!2E 4$65 5 + 2( $ 32 6$5 (Header Error Control,

12) 82 B F9 4279B2EA75 85 5, 3 F8E 775 F C643F3 E6 4F.

4.3.4.4. 12F7 F 25(3C8 3AA C5C323! *D

!B2FEE 89BFB5 6BF7 F6 BC 29 42 59C92B23 /)( 7C 6BF B /)(-8 9F, 6B 89C3E 772 7C BF8.4.27,C). %E 6B28929 62E2 F, 92 5DE /, , … 6B 89C3E 9 82 2 2427 7 42 59C92B, 4 4292B 62 4E 7 82293 98935 F 62EAD23C9 EF (C 27 79) 8 9F. '92 2D7C C 9, 92 5 5DEC F /, , … F 42 59C92BC F .1, .2 F .3 C77 6 B C 98 3 3F 4.

!2E2 F, 92 3 6B2 88 589C723E 7F 82 F7 7F, 8"2B FB23C7 3FB95CEA7 82 F7 7F, 624CDC77 7C BF8.4.31 F 6289B2 7C 9C EF C 42 59C FF E 42 59C92BC .1, 6B 89C3E 77C 7C BF8.4.32.

.C4 3F 72 FD 9C EF , 8"2B FB23C72 5 3FB95CEA7 82 F7 7F (4C7CE23) 5 C 27 79C F 8 9F: / – D, B – E, B – F, C – F F C – G.

6C88 29BF 6B2 88 6B2 2 7F B D .1 4F 29 C 27 79C /, 3 DC 2E234 4292B2 3 2 79 # 628956E 7F 3 62B9 1 42 59C92BC 3 4C 893 F 79F"F4C92B23 3FB95CEA72 2 659F F 3FB95CEA72 2 4C7CEC 5 59 7C 2 F9A8 D7C 7F VPI=10 F V1I=101 (BF8.4.31). 82293 9893FF 8

284

				123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF
DC6F8A 3 6 B32 89B24 9C EF 42 59C FF, 628956F3$C 7C 1- 62B9
4C 8 VPI=10 F V1I=101 2E 7C 9A 7C6BC3E 7C 3 4- 62B9
42 59C92BC, 6BF # 3 DC 2E234 4F F 79F"F4C92B 3FB95CEA72 2
659F F 3FB95CEA72 2 4C7CEC 2E 7 9A DC 7 7 7C D7C 7F VPI=40 F
V1I=103 (BF8.4.33). /7CE2 F 72, 4C, 628956F3$C 7C 2- 62B9 8
VPI=20 F V1I=104 5 9 7C6BC3E 7C 3 4- 62B9 42 59C92BC, 6BF # 3
DC 2E234 F 79F"F4C92B 3FB95CEA72 2 659F F 3FB95CEA72 2 4C7CEC
5 59 DC 7 7 7C D7C 7F VPI=40 F V1I=107.
10	101	.1
/				103	40		.2	D
		1
			4
			205	107				E
20
	106
	104	2
30				302	50		.3	F
	109
1		3	5
	108			110
								G
								4.31
	2 6 2 ((% 2 ((% 2 #2 (1
		/D3					/AD3
!2B9		VPI		VCI		!2B9	VPI	VCI
1		10		101		4	40	103
4		40		205		2	20	106
2		20		104		4	40	107
3		30		108		5	50	110
3		50		302		3	30	109
								4.32
C)			-C 2E2324
. 62B9 1:		VPI=10		V1I=101		…	%C77
)
. 62B9 4:			VPI=40		V1I=103		…	%C77
				-C 2E2324
								4.33
								285

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

4.3.4.5. '(9B 9697F9 569BC!5 3(BE )F!57F

.C 8932 2 8E5 F3C7F (QoS) 3 /)(-8 9 DC C#98 8E 5 F F 6CBC 9BC F 9BC"F4C 3FB95CEA72 2 82 F7 7F:

•6F423C 842B289A 6 B C F 4 (Peak Cell Rate, PCR);

•8B 7 842B289A 6 B C F 4 (Sustained Cell Rate, SCR);

•F7F CEA7C 842B289A 6 B C F 4 (Minimum Cell Rate,

MCR);

•C48F CEA7C 3 EF F7C 65EA8C F (Maximum Burst Size, MBS);

•2E 629 B 77 4 (Cell Loss Ratio, CLR);

•DC B 4C 4 (Cell Transfer Delay, CTD);

•3CBFC F DC B 4 4 (Cell Delay Variation, CDV).

DC3F8F 289F 29 9B 23C7F, 6B 3E 4 4C 8935 6 B C F C77, 3 /)(-8 9 BCDEF C 9 5 4EC8823 9BC"F4C, BCDEF C F 8:

•842B289A 6 B C F;

•53893F9 EA7289A 4 DC B 4C;

•86282 2 589C723E 7F 82 F7 7F;

•82324567289A 6CBC 9B23 QoS, CBC49 B7 E C772 2

4EC88C.

9C E.4.2 6B 89C3E 7C 4EC88F"F4C F 4EC8823 9BC"F4C 3 82293 9893FF 8 54CDC77 F 6BFD7C4C F F 6BF3 7 6BF B 9BC"F4C 4C 2 2 4EC88C. -8A 6B 89C3E 7 9F6 6B29242EC (AAL1-AAL5) 5B237 C C69C FF /)( (AAL), 4292B 2 86 F3C 9 B CEFDC F DC C77 9B 23C7F.

						"6 F8 6 4.2
62	A	B		C	D	X
#	!2892 77C		! B 77C
3245#3 5	853893F9 EA7			4 53893F9 EA7
54 5-	1 589C723E 7F				7 D 589C-
5					723E 7F
-# (5#	,2E28, )	.2 6B 8-		.2 6A 9	)BC"F4 42-
#2 2		8FB23C7.		B7	6A 9 B7
		2E28, )		C77	8 9
	PCR,	PCR, SCR,		PCR,SC	4	*6B E-
-2#2(5 #
QoS	CTD,CDV	MBS, CTD,		R,MBS	26B E 7	98 62EA-
		CDV				D23C9 E
AAL	AAL1	AAL2		AAL5	AAL3/4

6B 89C3E 772 4EC88F"F4C FF 6B 58 29B 7 262E7F9 EA7 4EC88 9BC"F4C, 29EF C F 8 29 4EC8823 A, B, C F D, 6CBC 9B 4292B2 2 2 59 9A 26B E 7 62EAD23C9 E.

286

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

4.3.4.6. B 3E 43!57F9 C9 73E3 FF *D

*872372 826 B7F4 9 72E2 FF /)( 3 E24CEA7 8 9 – F C F97 9 72E2 FF Ethernet. )C, 7 2 2 F C 3 8242842B2897C C F89BCEA F 7 9B 5 98 62 B 4C QoS BCD7 9F623 9BC"F4C, E 822 BCD72 F862EAD23C9A 9 72E2 F Gigabit Ethernet. ) 72E2 F /)( 2 9 24CDC9A8 6B 62 9F9 EA7 9C, 3C 72 2 86 F9A DC C772 4C 8932 2 8E5 F3C7F (3F 2427" B 7 FF, 9BC78E F 9 E 3FDF277 6 B C F 9. 6.).

9 BBF92BFCEA72-BC86B E 77 8 9 /)( 6BF 7 98 9C, 8 9A Frame Relay 7 86BC3E 98 8 2EA$F F 2 C F 9BC"F4C, F 9C, 75 72 2 86 F9A 7FD4F 5B23 7A DC B 4, 7 2 2 F E 6 B C F F7"2B C FF B CEA72 2 3B 7F.

4.4. C8DACE4A E Internet

,E2 CEA7C 8 9A Internet B CEFD23C7C 7C 28723 89 4C 8 9 3 6B29242E23 TCP/IP, 2 86 F3C F 6 B C 5 C77 5 BCD72B2 7 F E24CEA7 F F 9 BBF92BFCEA7 F 8 9 F, C 9C4 42 57F4C F277 F 8F89 C F F 589B2 893C F.

4.4.1. 32542# CA593C# A9 27C# C 93D27C 2 C97786 A53 45 38

Internet

!2 3E 7F 8 9F Internet F 89 4C 6B29242E23 TCP/IP 6B$89323CEC 3 8 B F7 1960- 2 23 BCDBC 294C 62 + F 2 C 79893C DARPA (Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency – 36BC3E 7F 6 B86 49F37 F88E 23C7F (F7F89 B893C 2 2B27 10/) 8 9F, 62E5 F3$ 7CD3C7F

ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency NETwork). 6CDBC 294C 8 9F EC 62B5 7C 19+7 "2B 842 5 F88E 23C9 EA842 5 F789F9595 F 9B# C BF4C784F 57F3 B8F9 9C: .CEF"2B7F 842 5 3 28-/7 E 8 F 37F3 B8F9 9C $9C9C ;9C F $9C9C .CEF"2B7F 3 1C79C-7CB CB. '486 BF 79CEA7C 8 9A FD 9 B# 5DE23 EC DC65 7C 3 427 1969 2 C, C 4 427 5 1972 2 C 3 8 9F 7C8 F9 3CE28A 2E 30 5DE23.

1974 2 5 EF BCDBC 29C7 2 EF F 6B29242E TCP/IP E 56BC3E 7F 2 72 C77 F 3 F79 B8 9, C 1 73CB 1983 2 C 8 9A ARPANET 62E7289A 6 B$EC 7C 6B29242E TCP/IP.

427 1970- 2 23 4C F27CEA7 7C5 7 "27 10/ (National Science Foundation, NSF) 7C CE BCDBC 2945 57F3 B8F9 9842 8 9F,

62E5 F3$ 7CD3C7F NSFNet, 4292BC F EC 2BCD 2 2<EA$5 6B2658475 86282 7289A, ARPANET. 8 B F7 1980- 2 23 6B2FD2$E2 2 F7 7F 8 9 NSFNet F ARPANET, DC 4292B DC4B 6FE28A 7CD3C7F INTRNET (279 B7 9).

1984 2 5 EC BCDBC 29C7C 8F89 C 2 77 F #7 (Domain Name System, DNS), C 3 1989 2 5 62 3FEC8A 427 6 F 8 FB72 6C59F7 (World Wide Web,WWW) F EF BCDBC 29C7 6B29242E 6 B C F F6 B9 489C HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) F D 4 BCD 94F F6 B9 489C HTML (HyperText Markup Language).

287

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

7EC 2 CB 29859893F F72 2 B54232 893C F 294B 9289F 9 7F 84F 89C7 CB923 279 B7 9 2 F7FE 2EA$F78932 85 8935 F 8 9 F 4 7C CE5 21 3 4C 89CE 6265E B7 8B 8932 E 2 7C C77 F.

7C892 3B 62 4E F9A8 4 279 B7 95 2 72 B D 86597F4F 83 DF, BC F2-4C7CE, 4C EA72 9 E 3F 7F, 9 E "27, 829235 83 DA, 86 FCEA7 269F42-32E24277 EF7FF FEF +E 49B26B232 C.

.22B F7C F BCDBC 2924 F 62 B 4C 279 B7 9C 285 893E 98 8E 5 F F # 2 32 ( #% %#2( (BF8.4.34):

• Internet Activities Board (IAB) – 79BCEA7 2B C7, 34E C F 3C 62 42 F9 9C:

18 F2 3 6 2F E8B – IRTF (Internet Research Task Force);

1C6E373 6 2F 7AB – IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force),

3 62E7 F "574 F C7CEFDC, BCDBC 294F F 6BF7 9F 89C7 CB923 8 9F Internet, 62E5 F3$F 7CD3C7F RFC (Request For Comments);

•Network Information Center (NIC) – 2B C7, 293 9893 77 DC BC86B289BC7 7F 9 7F 842 F7"2B C FF, BC 295 62 B F89BC FF F 62 4E 7F 62EAD23C9 E 4 Internet F DC B$7F B C C F7F89BC9F37 DC C, 9C4F 4C4 BC86B E 7F C B 823 3 8 9F.

9# 2 32 5 #% %# Internet

IAB (Internet Activities Board) - 27 56F 7AB 35467

NIC (Network

Information

Center) –

IRTF (Internet

IETF (Internet Engineering

BC86B289BC7-

Research Task Force) –

Task Force) –

7F 9 7F 842

F88E 23C9 EA84F

C6E373 6 2F 7AB

F7"2B C FF,

62 42 F9 9

3 E3 8 2 – C7CEFD,

B F89BC F F

BCDBC 294C F 6BF7 9F

62 4E 7F

89C7 CB923

62EAD23C9 E

4.34

4.4.2. !564 395949E9 TCP/IP

!2 5 ( (5(5*$() 6$ TCP/IP 3 $FB242 8 8E 2 72 627F C 9 3 8A 7C 2B B CEFDC F 89C7 CB923 RFC.

12293 9893F 5B237 TCP/IP 5B237 OSI-2 EF F F862EAD5 7C 4C 2 5B237 287237 6B29242E 89 4C TCP/IP 6B 89C3E 7 3 9C E.4.3.

(2 EA 89 4C 6B29242E23 TCP/IP 82 B F9 4 5B237.

4C 6 B32 5B237 (Network interface – 5 5$* 5# 5*)

7C 2 F98 C66CBC972 DC3F8F 2 6B2 BC 72 2 86 7F, B CEFD5 6 B C 5 C77 3 92 FEF F72 8B. 1B C 6 B C F C77 2 9

288

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

9A B CEFD23C7C BCDEF 7 F 86282 C F: 29 6B2892 2 35 92 72 2 D3 7C 2 8E2 72 72 25DE232 42 57F4C F2772 89B5495B 8 9F X.25 FEF Frame Relay. 19 4 6B29242E23 TCP/IP 62 B F3C 9 38 89C7 CB97 6B29242E "FDF 842 2 F 4C7CEA72 2 5B237 BCDEF 7 8 9 3 9 72E2 F: Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, PPP F B5 F.

			"6 F8 6 4.3
4#$	4#$ TCP/IP	-# 6	A6
OSI-			42 !
( 456
5-7	4. Application	FTP, TFTP, BGP, HTTP,DHCP,	122 7F
	(B34 76C95)	SNMP, DNS, SIP, SMTP,
		POP3, IMAP,Telnet, PPTP
4	3. Transport	TCP, UDP, RTP	1 79,
	(1369AB5319)		% 9C BC C
3	2. Internet	IPv4, IPv6 , ICMP, IGMP,	!C4 9
	(2)A212 5)	ARP, RARP, RIP, OSPF
1-2	1. Network	SLIP, HDLC, PPP	.C B
	interface (A212 5	Ethernet, 802.11 Wi-Fi, 802.16
	49123 2 A)	WiMax, Token ring, FDDI,
		X.25, Frame relay, ATM

4C 392B2 5B237 (Internet – 8 9 32) B CEFD5 98 DC C C CB$B59FDC FF 8 F862EAD23C7F 6B29242EC IP. 92BC 3C 7C DC C C 6B29242EC IP – 824B 9F C66CBC972-6B2 BC 7 282 77289 8B 6 B C F C77 F 6B 289C3E 7F 3$E C F 5B237 F72 2 57F"F FB23C772 2 F C66CBC972 7 DC3F8F 2 2 F79 B" 8C E 289C34F C77, 92 2 86 F3C 9 72 26EC9"2B 772 6BF 7 7F 6BFE2 7F, BC 29C F 62 TCP/IP.

4C 9B 9A 5B237 (Transport – 9BC7862B97) B$C 98 DC C F 7C 72 289C34F 6C4 923 F 82 BC7 7F F 62B 4C F E2897289F.

4C 93#B92 5B237 (Application – 6BF4EC 72) 7C 2 98 6BF4EC 7 DC C F, DC6BC$F3C F 8 B3F8 5 9BC7862B972 2 5B237.

*87237 F 282 77289 F 89 4C 6B29242E23 TCP/IP 3E 98:

•7 DC3F8F 289A 29 8B 6 B C F C77;

•7 CBC79FB23C77C 289C34C 6C4 923.

27"2B C F277 2 49 (C77) 6 B C3C 7C BCD7 5B237 3 8 9F 279 B7 9 62E5 FEF 8E 5 F 7CF 723C7F:

•A55 2942 (message) – E24 C77, 4292B 26 BFB5 9 6BF4EC 72 5B23 7A, 6B C3C 29 6BFE2 7F 4 9BC7862B972 5 5B237 8 82293 98935 F F +92 5 6BFE2 7F BCD B2 F 8 C79F42;

•A2F 291 (segment) – E24 C77, 4292B 26 BFB5 9 6B29242E TCP 7C 9BC7862B972 5B237;

•C2 16F36 6 (datagram) – E24 C77, 4292B 26 BFB5 9 6B29242E UDP 7C 9BC7862B972 5B237;

289

123456 4. 768926ABC5 D5EF

•B6 21 (packet) – E24 C77, 7CD 3C 9C4 IP9C BC 2, 4292B 26 BFB5 9 6B29242E IP 7C 8 9 32 5B237;

•6C3 (frame) – C66CBC972 DC3F8F E24F C77, 62E5 77 3 B D5EA9C9 56C4234F IP-9C BC 3 "2B C9, 6BF E E C772 "FDF 842 8B 6 B C F C77 F 6 B C3C 7C 7F 7 5B237 TCP/IP-2 EF, 7CD 3C 2 «8 9 3 F79 B" 82».

6C88 29BF 4BC942 6 B F8E 77 3 9C E.4.3 6B29242E 89 4C TCP/IP, 7 4292B FD 4292B (IP, UDP, TCP, HDLC, PPP) 2E 62 B2 72 BC88 C9BF3C 98 3 628E 5 F 6CBC BC"C.

4.4.2.1. 123C3 3E8 2F E5 73 3 23!7

FTP (File Transfer Protocol – 6B29242E 6 B C F "C E23),

6B 7CD7C 77 E 6 B C F "C E23 3 8 9F F 28956C 4 5 CE#77 289C, B CEFD5 9 8E 5 F "574 FF:

•62 4E 7F 4 8 B3 BC FTP;

•6B28 29B 82 B F 2 2 4C9CE2 23;

•DC B5D4C "C E23 8 8 B3 BC FEF 7C 8 B3 B.

FTP "574 F27FB5 9 623 B 9BC7862B972 2 6B29242EC TCP F F862EAD5 9 62B9 20/TCP E 6 B C F C77 F 62B9 21/ TCP E 6 B C F 42 C7. 6B29242E FTP 6B 58 29B 7 32D 2 7289F C59 79F"F4C FF F 6 B C F "C EC 8 6B B3C772 2 89C, 8EF 6 B C C "C EC EC 6B B3C7C 62 4C42-92 6BF F7.

TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol – 6B2892 6B29242E 6 B C F "C E23) 6B 7CD7C 7 EC37 2 BCD2 E 6 B327C CEA72 DC B5D4F D F8423 BC 2 F 89C7 F. TFTP F862EAD5 9 9BC7862B97 6B29242E UDP F 62B9 69/UDP. 29EF F 29 FTP, 6B29242E TFTP 7 82 B F9 32D 2 7289 C59 79F"F4C FF, 29 32D 2 7C "FEA9BC F 62 IP-C B 85.

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol – 6B29242E BC7F 72 2 $E DC) –

2872372 6B29242E F7C F 842 CB$B59FDC FF 3 279 B7 9, 6B 7CD7C 77 E 2 7C F7"2B C F 2 CB$B59C 5 C39272 7 F 8F89 C F. 9574 F27FB5 9 623 B 6B29242EC 9BC7862B972 2 5B237 TCP F F862EAD5 9 62B9 179/TCP.

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol – 6B29242E 6 B C F F6 B9 489C)

6B 7CD7C 7 E 6 B C F C77 (FD7C CEA72 – 3 3F F6 B9 48923 245 7923) 7C 28723 4EF 79-8 B3 B72 9 72E2 FF. HTTP 3 7C892 3B F862EAD5 98 32 8 FB72 6C59F7 E 62E5 7F F7"2B C FF 8 3-8C 923.

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol – 6B29242E F7C F 842 427"F 5BC FF 5DEC) 6B 7CD7C 7 E C392 C9F 842 2 BC86B E 7F 5 42 6A 9 BC F IP-C B 823 F 427"F 5BC F277 6CBC 9B23, 7 2 2 F E BC 29 3 8 9F TCP/IP. !B29242E B CEFD5 98 3 9C4 7CD 3C 2 DHCP-8 B3 B 62 4EF 79-8 B3 B72 9 72E2 FF 659# 3 C F IP-C B 8C F 427"F 5BC F277 6CBC 9B23 3 293 9 7C 628956F3$F DC6B28 29 42 6A 9 BC. !B29242E DHCP F862EAD5 9 9BC7862B97 6B29242E UDP F 62B9 67/UDP F 68/UDP.

290