Статистика пожаров / National Fire Protection Association / Large-loss fires in the United States 2007
.pdfTable 1
Large-Loss Fires that Caused $5 million or More in Property Damage, 1998 - 2007
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|
Number of Fires |
Property Loss |
Property Loss |
|
Number |
Causing $5 million or |
(unadjusted) |
1998 Dollars |
Year |
of Fires |
More in 1998 Dollars |
(in millions) |
(in millions) |
1998 |
57 |
57 |
$1,167 |
$1,167 |
1999 |
67 |
55 |
$2,285 |
$2,177 |
2000 |
65 |
53 |
$2,029 |
$1,863 |
2001* |
52 |
42 |
$978 |
$855 |
2002 |
46 |
39 |
$698 |
$600 |
2003 |
49 |
42 |
$2,811 |
$2,457 |
2004 |
46 |
32 |
$524 |
$391 |
2005 |
39 |
23 |
$350 |
$223 |
2006 |
46 |
29 |
$571 |
$390 |
2007 |
71 |
55 |
$3,528 |
$2,705 |
* Excluding the 9/11/01 World Trade center Incident from the loss totals.
Note: Number of fires and unadjusted loss are based on data from studies that appeared in previous annual large-loss studies. Some of the information may differ from previously published material because material was updated after publication.
Note: Adjustment for inflation is based on the Consumer Price Index using 1998 as a base year. Note that adjustment for inflation not only reduces the total dollar loss for each year but also reduces the number of fires when adjusted losses large enough to qualify as large-loss fires.
Source: NFPA’s Fire Incident Data Organization (FIDO)
Large-Loss Fires-2007, 11/08 |
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NFPA, Fire Analysis and Research, Quincy, MA |
Table 2 |
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Large-Loss Fires of $20 Million or More in 2007 |
|
Incident and Location |
Loss in Millions |
Wildland Fire, California |
$1,800.0 |
Wildland Fire, California |
$315.0 |
Wildland Fire, California |
$150.0 |
Vehicle and highway overpass system, California |
$100.0 |
Plastic products manufacturing plant, North Carolina |
$100.0 |
Wildland Fire, Georgia |
$80.4 |
Wildland Fire, California |
$60.0 |
Vacant historic hospital, New York |
$60.0 |
Power plant, Illinois |
$60.0 |
Refinery, Texas |
$50.0 |
Air condition filter manufacturing, Florida |
$40.0 |
College building, Arizona |
$34.0 |
Lumber yard, Illinois |
$32.4 |
Wildland Fire, California |
$31.0 |
Apartment building, Alaska |
$27.0 |
Business occupancy, Massachusetts |
$26.0 |
Historic marketplace, District of Columbia |
$20.0 |
Warehouse, Maryland |
$20.0 |
Fuel storage warehouse, Washington |
$20.0 |
Plastics manufacturing plant, Indiana |
$20.0 |
Total 20 fires |
$3,045.8 |
Source: NFPA’s Fire Incident Data Organization (FIDO) |
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Large-Loss Fires-2007, 11/08 |
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NFPA, Fire Analysis and Research, Quincy, MA |
Table 3
2007 Large-Loss Fires by Major Property Use Classification |
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|||
|
Number |
Percent |
Total Dollar Loss |
Percent |
Property Use |
of Fires |
of Fires |
(in millions) |
of Loss |
Special Properties |
15 |
21% |
$210.9 |
6.0% |
Manufacturing |
11 |
16% |
$269.8 |
7.6% |
Wildlands |
10 |
14% |
$2,474.0 |
70.1% |
Residential |
8 |
11% |
$78.5 |
2.2% |
Stores & Offices |
6 |
8% |
$100.1 |
2.8% |
Industrial |
5 |
7% |
$110.0 |
3.1% |
Educational |
5 |
7% |
$75.3 |
2.1% |
Storage |
5 |
7% |
$71.5 |
2.0% |
Public Assembly |
4 |
6% |
$30.5 |
0.9% |
Vehicles |
2 |
3% |
$107.5 |
3.0% |
Totals |
71 |
100% |
$3,528.1 |
100.0% |
Source: NFPA’s Fire Incident Data Organization (FIDO)
Large-Loss Fires-2007, 11/08 |
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NFPA, Fire Analysis and Research, Quincy, MA |
Table 4
Large-Loss Incidents of 2007
SPECIAL PROPERTIES
State: New York
Dollar Loss: $60,000,000
Month: May
Time: 7:32 pm
Property Characteristics and Operating Status:
This vacant, six-story, historic psychiatric hospital was of unprotected, ordinary construction. The ground floor area was not reported. No one was in the building at the time of the fire.
Fire Protection Systems:
There was no automatic detection or suppression equipment present.
Fire Development:
This fire started when lightning struck the building during a thunderstorm.
Contributing Factors and Other Details:
Firefighters were faced with a rapidly spreading fire and approximately 26 exposed buildings, many of which were interconnected. The yard hydrant system had been shut down years earlier, forcing firefighters to locate hydrants a distance away.
State: Nevada
Dollar Loss: $19,000,000
Month: May
Time: 6:11 pm
Property Characteristics and Operating Status:
This three-story, 147-unit condominium building of unprotected wood-frame construction was under construction. The building covered 209,800 square feet (19,500 square meters). There was a security guard at the scene when the fire broke out.
Fire Protection Systems:
There was no automatic detection or suppression equipment present.
Fire Development:
This was an incendiary fire, with no additional information reported.
Contributing Factors and Other Details:
One firefighter was injured.
Large-Loss Fires-2007, 11/08 |
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NFPA, Fire Analysis and Research, Quincy, MA |
State: Florida
Dollar Loss: $15,000,000
Month: February
Time: 1:19 pm
Property Characteristics and Operating Status:
This three-story vacant hotel was of unprotected ordinary construction. The ground floor area was not reported. No one was in the building at the time of the fire.
Fire Protection Systems:
There was a complete coverage detection system but its type was not reported. The detection system had been manually disabled because it was a vacant building. There was an unknown type complete-coverage sprinkler system present. The system had been shut down prior to the fire due to rusted pipes in the entire pipe grid.
Fire Development:
This incendiary fire was set on the first story after gasoline was spread throughout the building. As a result, fire spread rapidly to the upper stories. Firefighters initiated an interior attack, but withdrew when ceiling pieces started to fall.
Contributing Factors and Other Details:
None reported.
State: Wisconsin
Dollar Loss: $15,000,000
Month: March
Time: 3:58 am
Property Characteristics and Operating Status:
This four-story 73-unit senior living complex was under construction and nearly completed. It covered 151, 600 square feet (14,100 square meters) and was of unprotected wood-frame construction. There was no one in the building at the time of the fire.
Fire Protection Systems:
There were no automatic detection or suppression systems present.
Fire Development:
This was an incendiary fire. No further information was reported.
Contributing Factors and Other Details:
Two firefighters were injured. The loss was reported as $13,000,000 to the structure and $2,000,000 to contents.
Large-Loss Fires-2007, 11/08 |
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NFPA, Fire Analysis and Research, Quincy, MA |
State: Massachusetts
Dollar Loss: $14,000,000
Month: September
Time: 12:04 am
Property Characteristics and Operating Status:
This three-story retirement living complex covered 116,000 square feet (10,800 square meters) and was of unprotected wood-frame construction. It was under construction and there was no one in the building at the time of the fire.
Fire Protection Systems:
There were no automatic detection or suppression systems present.
Fire Development:
This incendiary fire was set in several locations.
Contributing Factors and Other Details:
One firefighter was injured.
State: California
Dollar Loss: $12,000,000
Month: January
Time: 1:57 pm
Property Characteristics and Operating Status:
This four-story, 39-unit apartment building was of unprotected wood-frame construction and was under construction. The ground floor area was not reported. Workers were on the job site at the time.
Fire Protection Systems:
There was no detection system present. A sprinkler system was being installed at the time, but was not yet operable. The type and coverage of the system were not reported.
Fire Development:
Hot tar from a tar kettle on the roof ignited the roofing materials.
Contributing Factors and Other Details:
None reported.
State: New Jersey
Dollar Loss: $12,000,000
Month: September
Time: 7:30 am
Property Characteristics and Operating Status:
This 40-story hotel casino was of protected noncombustible construction and covered 375,000 square feet (34,800 square meters). It was under construction and workers were at the site when the fire broke out.
Large-Loss Fires-2007, 11/08 |
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NFPA, Fire Analysis and Research, Quincy, MA |
Fire Protection Systems:
There was a detector system present but it was not operable at the time of the fire. There was no automatic suppression equipment.
Fire Development:
An incendiary fire was set in plastic sheeting on the exterior of the building. The fire spread up the outside of the building. No other information was reported.
Contributing Factors and Other Details:
Damage was mainly to the exterior.
State: Massachusetts
Dollar Loss: $11,000,000
Month: April
Time: 1:53 am
Property Characteristics and Operating Status:
This four-story apartment building was of unprotected wood-frame construction and was under construction. The building covered 130,000 square feet (12,100 square meters). There was no one on the scene when the fire broke out.
Fire Protection Systems:
There was no automatic detection or suppression equipment present.
Fire Development:
The cause and origin were undetermined.
Contributing Factors and Other Details:
The complex had poor water pressure and volume available. Firefighters had trouble locating working hydrants and so were delayed in getting hose lines into operation. In addition to the building of origin, the fire destroyed a 99-unit building, two 24-unit buildings, several garages, and a dozen pieces of construction equipment, as well as tools and building materials.
State: California
Dollar Loss: $10,000,000
Month: June
Time: 12:56 am
Property Characteristics and Operating Status:
This two-story, single-family house of unprotected wood-frame construction was under construction. No information was reported on the ground floor area. No one was at the site at the time.
Large-Loss Fires-2007, 11/08 |
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NFPA, Fire Analysis and Research, Quincy, MA |
Fire Protection Systems:
No information was reported on detection or suppression systems.
Fire Development:
The fire’s cause was undetermined. Fire burned throughout the attic area and second-story floor joists.
Contributing Factors and Other Details:
None reported.
State: California
Dollar Loss: $8,000,000
Month: September
Time: 5:17 pm
Property Characteristics and Operating Status:
This two-story, single-family dwelling covered 6,800 square feet (600 square meters). The type of construction was not reported but it was under construction. It was not reported if anyone was at the site at the time.
Fire Protection Systems:
There was a detection system, but its coverage and performance were not reported. No information was reported on any automatic suppression.
Fire Development:
The fire cause was listed as a part failure, resulting in natural gas igniting in a wall assembly.
Contributing Factors and Other Details:
The loss was estimated at $6,000,000 to the structure and $2,000,000 to the contents.
State: California
Dollar Loss: $8,500,000
Month: June
Time: 1:49 am
Property Characteristics and Operating Status:
This four-story, 80-unit hotel of unprotected wood-frame construction was under construction, in the framing stages. The ground floor area and operating status were not reported.
Fire Protection Systems:
A detection system and automatic suppression system were being installed at the time. The types and coverage of the systems were not reported, but neither was yet operable.
Large-Loss Fires-2007, 11/08 |
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NFPA, Fire Analysis and Research, Quincy, MA |
Fire Development:
A fire of unknown cause broke out on the second story. Fire spread was very rapid due to the framing material. The building was fully engulfed when firefighters arrived. Radiant heat caused heavy damage to surrounding buildings, vehicles and vegetation. Arriving firefighters were unable to mount an interior attack due to the large volume of fire. Master stream devices were set up to attack the fire.
Contributing Factors and Other Details:
Loss was listed as $2,500,000 to the original building and $6,000,000 to the exposures.
State: Texas
Dollar Loss: $8,500,000
Month: September
Time: 6:56 am
Property Characteristics and Operating Status:
This three-story, 49-unit motel was of unprotected wood-frame construction and was under construction. (It was due to open in a very short time.) The structure covered 60,000 square feet (5,600 square meters). It was not reported if anyone was at the site at the time.
Fire Protection Systems:
There was no information on any detection system. There was a dry-pipe sprinkler present. Its operation and coverage were not reported.
Fire Development:
No details were reported.
Contributing Factors and Other Details:
Loss to the building was listed at $8,000,000 and $500,000 to the contents.
State: California
Dollar Loss: $6,617,988
Month: January
Time: 1:49 pm
Property Characteristics and Operating Status:
This four-story apartment building of unprotected wood-frame construction was under construction. No other details were reported.
Fire Protection Systems:
No details were reported.
Fire Development:
No details were reported.
Contributing Factors and Other Details:
No details were reported.
Large-Loss Fires-2007, 11/08 |
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NFPA, Fire Analysis and Research, Quincy, MA |
State: New Jersey
Dollar Loss: $6,000,000
Month: June
Time: 2:27 pm
Property Characteristics and Operating Status:
This oceanside pedestrian boardwalk was of unprotected noncombustible construction, and was bordered by a row of five stores one story in height. No information was reported on the construction type of the stores, but they were open and operating. The combined area of the boardwalk and stores was approximately 20,000 square feet (1,900 square meters).
Fire Protection Systems:
There was no detection system or suppression equipment for the boardwalk. The stores had smoke detection equipment but no suppression equipment.
Fire Development:
The fire started under the boardwalk and spread rapidly into a strip of one-story beachfront stores. The cause is still under investigation.
Contributing Factors and Other Details:
The detection and suppression systems had no impact on the fire as it started under the boardwalk and rapidly spread into the stores. The loss was estimated at $5,000,000 to the boardwalk and stores, and $1,000,000 to contents.
State: Rhode Island
Dollar Loss: $5,250,000
Month: July
Time: 5:45 pm
Property Characteristics and Operating Status:
This 300-foot (91-meter) long by 50-foot (15-meter) wide pier was of heavy timber construction and was operating.
Fire Protection Systems:
There was no detection equipment or automatic suppression equipment present.
Fire Development:
The fire started under the pier deck. Its cause is undetermined.
Contributing Factors and Other Details:
A crane on the pier and a fishing boat tied to the pier were destroyed. Two firefighters were injured battling this fire. The estimated loss was $5,000,000 to the structure and $250,000 to the contents.
Large-Loss Fires-2007, 11/08 |
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NFPA, Fire Analysis and Research, Quincy, MA |