Principles of Reading Vowel Digraphs

1. The 1^st letter is read in its primary long meaning: sea [i:], oak [əυ], etc.;

2. The 2^nd letter is read in its primary long meaning: neutral [u:], either [aı], etc.;

3. Two letters are read in their primary short meanings, forming a diphthong: beige [eı], they [eı], boil [ɔI], oyster [ɔI];

4. One of the letters is read in its primary short or secondary meaning: aunt [ɑ:], theory [ıə], etc.

Ex. 5.1 Read the following words with digraphs [ei|ey]. Identify the sound of each line.

[ ] 1. beige, deign, heinous.

[ ] 2. either, seismograph, deictic.

[ ] 3. seize, inveigle, ceiling, receive, deceive, conceive, perceive.

[ ] 4. heir, heiress.

[ ] 5. leisure, Leicester.

[ ] 6. counterfeit, sovereign, foreign, surfeit, forfeit.

[ ] 7. eight, freight, neighbour, weight, sleigh, weigh.

[ ] 8. height, sleight.

[ ] 9. they, survey, grey, obey.

[ ] 10. eyrie.

[ ] 11. key.

[ ] 12. monkey, money, whisky, hockey, trolley.

Ex. 5.2 Which twelve of these words contain the sound [eə] (as in chair)? How are the others pronounced? Can you think of any more words with [eə]?

Air, care, dear, fair, hair, her, here, pear, pair, share, tear (verb), their, there, they’re, were, we’re, where.

Ex. 5.3

a) Read the poem. Explain the reading of vowel combinations.

A little health, a little wealth

A little house and freedom

With some few friends for certain ends,

But little cause to need them.

b) Each word on the left rhymes with one word on the right. Match the words that rhyme and try to write a short poem using some of the rhyming words.

Brain, teeth, lost, foot, boast, suit, weight, slight, death, says, dull, phrase, war, full, chef, leaf, glued

Deaf, great, beef, breathe, skull, Les, reign, days, tossed, post, height, wreath, food, shoot, put, law, wool

Ex. 5.4

a) Put the following words in the correct column according to the pronunciation of “ea”. Careful! Three of the words have two different pronunciations (and different meanings).

scream bean bread gear tear breath dread lead

spear break heal steak dead yearn spread read

knead plead pear bead great team breathe fear

bear thread instead wear head year mean pearl

[e] 10 words	[i:] 11 words	[εə] 5 words	[ıə] 5 words	[3:] 2 words	[eI] 3 words

b) Give 2 examples of your own to each variant of pronunciation of the given digraph.

[ıə ] [ εə ]

[ eI ]

EA [ɑ:]

[ i:]

[ e ]

Ex. 5.5 Read the following words. Identify the sound of each line.

[ ] 1. food, boot, foolish, boost

[ ] 2. good, cook, took, look

[ ] 3. should, would, could

[ ] 4. blood, flood

[ ] 5. door, four, floor, boor

[ ] 6. moor, tour, poor

[ ] 7. brooch

[ ] 8. round, found, sound, pound

[ ] 9. soul, bowl, mould, shoulder

[ ] 10. touch, rough, nourish, courage

[ ] 11. soup, group, boulevard, goulash

[ ] 12. thought, bought, caught, fought

[ ] 13. you, youth

Ex. 5.6 Pick out the odd word.

Example:

Like by ninth live

1. monkey — donkey — whiskey — key

2. feudal — few — sew — queue

3. cook – look – pound – could

4. foot — good — food — cook

5. round — house — ounce — trouble

6. could — would — mould — should

7. seize — receive — deictic – ceiling

8. toilet – tortoise – boycott – buoy

9. joy –oily –voyage – connoisseur

10. annoy – choice – they –joy – poison

11. pear — swear — near — bear

12. door – floor – start – small

13. cream — head — leave — fleet

14. purple – thirsty – journey – there

15. ooze—wood—kangaroo—booze

16. courage — soul — trouble — nourish

17. plaintiff — raider — plaintive — plaid

18. bread – reads – pence – very

19. work – third – person – hair

20. size – grey – life – eye

21. buy – like – rich – kind

22. wear – ear - hear – nearly

23. earn – third – where – dirty

Ex. 5.7 Give 2 examples to each variant of pronunciation of the given digraph.

[əυ] [aυ]

[u:]

OU [Λ]

[ɔ:]

[ Ŋ ]

Ex. 5.8 Underline the words in which the vowel combinations are read according to the basic rule:

Cream, bleed, leave, fleet, death, dean, daily, head, rouge, great, tie, key, few, ceiling, thief, plain.

Oar, fair, fuel, fare, ore, type, ear, prior, giant, pure, fire, here, trial, real.

May, oak, coin, connoisseur, heaven, broad, seize, agree, soar, aid, via, fiery, idiot, lie, peer, fear, lean, Sunday, says, formulae, main, leisure, sea, eagle, receive, triumph, foam, aegis, sieve, needle, people, leopard, die, Leicester, pseudonym, ceiling, holiday, read, clear.