- •1. Stylistic as a branch of science. Subjects, methods, related research and the differences between them.
- •2. The notion of style.
- •3. The notion of stylistic markedness
- •6.Expressive means and stylistic devices.
- •4. Expressiveness, evaluation, emotiveness.
- •5. The notion of variation. Variation is English language.
- •7. Spoken English and Written English.
- •12. The stylistic devices of zeugma and pun.
- •9.The stylistic device of metaphor.
- •13. The stylistic devices of oxymoron and antonomasia.
- •8. The notion of stylistic function
- •14. The stylistic devices of simile and hyperbole.
- •10. The stylistic devices of metonymy and irony.
- •11. The stylistic devices of epithet.
- •16. The stylistic devices of allusion and decomposition of set phrases.
- •15. The stylistic devices of periphrasis and euphemism.
- •20. The stylistic devices of asyndeton, polysyndeton and the gap-sentence link.
- •17. The stylistic devices of inversion, chiasmus and parallel structures.
- •18. The stylistic devices of repetition, enumeration and suspense
- •38. The newspaper headline.
- •19. The stylistic devices of detached constructions, climax(gradation) and antithesis.
- •21. The stylistic devices of ellipsis, aposiopesis (break-in-the-narrative), question in the narrative.
- •22. The stylistic devices of litotes and rhetorical question.
- •24. The stylistic devices of onomatopoeia, alliteration and assonance.
- •23. Free indirect thought and free indirect speech
- •26. The stylistic classification of the English vocabulary. Special colloquial vocabulary.
- •25. The stylistic classification of the English vocabulary. Special literary vocabulary.
- •30. Poetry. The notion of poetic conventions. Types of poetic conventions.
- •27. The notion of functional style. Approaches to the research into functional style. Classifications of fs.
- •29. Emotive prose.
- •28. The belles-lettres style
- •33. The language of drama
- •31. Rhyme, metre and rhythm.
- •35. The style of scientific discourse.
- •32. Lexical and syntactical features of poetry.
- •34. Publicist style.
- •36. The style of official documents.
- •37. The style of mass communication. The British Newspaper style.
1. Stylistic as a branch of science. Subjects, methods, related research and the differences between them.
S. is a branch of ling. which studies style. There exists several definitions of style, few schools with diff. approaches. Style as “the way of doing it” (encyclopedia of lang. and ling.). Style should be treated as an alternative ways of expressing the same content. Choices can occur on all levels of lang. (phonetic, morf., lex., synt.). In certain context choices may not be available. The choice may be determined by preceding sent. S. as a part of general linguistics tends to focus first on the relationship between the ling. structure and textual meaning. In Russ. tradition S. covers the research into both literature and other applications of lang: Виноградов, Гальперин, Винокур, Якобсон, Арнольд. Проф. Гальперин understood stylistics as research into lang. media which secure the desired effect of the utterance as well as into types of texts determined by their pragmatic characteristics. S. – subdomain of ling. dealing with stylistic resources of the lang. and with functional styles. The methods of research vary and rely not only on traditional ling. methods but on those of cognitive ling., pragmatic, literary, criticism, socioling., rhetoric. Links between S. and other branches of ling.: overlaps with pragmatics and socioling in their study of social relationships which exist between the writer and the reader. It looks at how the context situation subj. matters of function can constrain the choice of ling. means and features. S. overlaps with discourse analysis trying to answer why certain means were used or why the text or a message is organized in certain ways. Cognitive ling. relates stylistically significant facts and our choice of them to cognitive structure and process. Rhetoric developed into study of affective speaking and writing. Fundamental notions of S.: func. style, expressiveness, imagery, emotive charge, evaluation, expressive means, stylistic devices.
2. The notion of style.
There exists several definitions of style, few schools with diff. approaches. Style as “the way of doing it” (encyclopedia of lang. and ling.). Style should be treated as an alternative ways of expressing the same content. Choices can occur on all levels of lang. (phonetic, morf., lex., synt.). In certain context choices may not be available. The choice may be determined by preceding sent. S. is construed as ling. choice. S. of the text – the aggregate of the contextual probabilities of its ling. items. S. is more than 1 ling item. S. can be treated as a link between context and ling. form. The Encycl. of L&L states that S. is described in context of Literary studies, it includes the research into: the s. of individual, the s. of a group, the s. of a text. Indiv. s. can be observed outside of literary boundaries. S. as a part of general ling. tends to focus on relationships between the ling. structure and textual meaning.