- •Н.Ф. Соломчак, li. Озарко, н. В. Мойссснко english for oil and gas engineers
- •Learn the meaning of the following words, word-combinations and word groups:
- •Read and translate Text 1:
- •Make a written translation of Text 2.
- •Read Text 3:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Make a written translation off the following:
- •Make a plan to Text 4 and retell it.
- •16 Read Text 5:
- •Learn the meaning of the following words, word-combinations and word groups:
- •Read Text I.
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Make a written translation of the following:
- •Supply a heading for Text 1.
- •Make a plan to Text 1 and retell it.
- •Answer the questions:
- •4 Tell whether each of the following statements is true or false according to the text. Correct the false statements to make them true:
- •5 Make a written translation of the following:
- •Learn the meaning of the following words, word-combinations and word groups:
- •Read and translate Text 1:
- •Supply a heading for Text 1.
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •6 Speak about general types of bits. Unit 6 Rroller Bits
- •Learn the meaning of the following words, word-combinations and word groups:
- •Read and translate Text 1: Text 1
- •Unit 7 Diamond - Set Bits
- •Text 1 Diamond-Set Bits
- •Make a written translation of Text 2.
- •Describe hard-material bits of ithe cutting-abrasive action ty pe using Figure 7.4.
- •1 Answer the questions:
- •2 Give English equivalents of the follo wing:
- •3 Give Ukrainian equivalents of th e following:
- •4 Tell whether each of the following statements is true or false according to the text. Correct the false statements to make them true:
- •5 Make a written translation of the following:
- •Part 3 mud technology Unit 8 Purpose and Classification of Drilling Fluids
- •Learn the meaning of the following words, word-combinations and word groups:
- •Read and translate Text 1: Text 1
- •Supply a heading for Text 2.
- •Speak about four types of the drilling fluids.
- •Translate the following sentences into English using the words and expressions from Text 1 and Text 2.
- •Learn the meaning of the following words, word-combinations and word groups:
- •Read Text 1:
- •Make a written translation of the following:
- •Make a plan to Text 2 and retell it.
- •Read Text 3:
- •Write a summary of the Te xt 3.
- •Read Text 4 without a dictionary and retell it in Ukrainian:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Unit 10 Chemical Agents for the Treatment of Water-Base Drilling Fluids
- •Learn the meaning of the following words, word-combinations and word groups:
- •Read Text 1: Text 1
- •Find in Text 1 five sentences with Passive Voice forms of the verb and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Give English equ ivalents of the following:
- •Learn the meaning of the following words, word-combinations and word groups:
- •Read Text 1:
- •Find in Text 1 five sentences with Passive Voice forms of the verb and translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Translate the following sentences into English using the words and expressions from Text 1.
- •Find in Text 1 sentences with Modal Verbs and translate them into Ukrainian.
- •Give English equi valents of the following words and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •2 Giive English equivalents of ithe following:
- •3 Match the terms with their definitions:
- •2 Give English equivalents of the following:
- •3 Match the terms with their definitions:
- •4 Tell whether each of the following statements is true or false according to the text. Correct the false statements to make them true:
- •5 Make a written tra nslation of itho following:
- •Influence of Drilling Fluid on the Collecting Properties
- •Learn the meaning of the following words, word-combinations and word groups:
- •Read and translate Text 1:
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Translate the following sentences into English using the words and expressions from Text 1.
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Translate the following sentences into English using the words and expressions from Text 1.
- •Unit 26 Choosing a Metltiod for Opening-up a Reservoir-Bed and an Arrangement of the Area in and around the Hole Face in Producing Wells
- •Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Make a written translation of the following:
- •2 Give English equivalents of the following:
- •Tell whether each of the following statements is true or false according to the text. Correct the false statements to make them (rue:
- •Make a written translation of ithe following:
- •5 Translate the following paragraph into English:
- •Part 1
- •Supplement Text 1 Mud Fluids
- •Text 3 Mud System
- •1 Read Text 2:
- •1 Learn the meaning of the following words, word-combinations and word groups:
Supply a heading for Text 1.
Give English equivalents of the following:
типи доліт, подрібнення породи, мати певні механічні та абразивні властивості, класифікувати, середня твердість, ріжуче- абразивний, тягучість породи, одна площина, поступово, колона обсадних труб.
§ Make a written translation of the following:
As regards the principle underlying the breaking up of the rock all boring bits may be classified as follows:
Bits producing fragmentation and chipping (shearing), destined to drill non-abrasive and abrasive rocks of medium hardness, and also hard tough and very tough rocks.
Bits of the cutting-abrasive type of action intended for drilling in rocks of medium hardness and also in alternating layers of high-plastic little viscous rocks and those containing rocks of medium hardness and even hard ones.
6 Speak about general types of bits. Unit 6 Rroller Bits
Learn the meaning of the following words, word-combinations and word groups:
roller, jet, weld, forge, wrist, rotate, bearing, cutter, thread. Hush, crush, type, use, hole, industry, sectional, fit out, rock-breaking member, outside, tool, top, allow, passage, provide.
Read and translate Text 1: Text 1
In the course of a more than 60-year long history marking the progress in the design of roller bits, use in the drilling practice have found bits with a single, two, three, four and six rollers. Today, however, most widely used are three-roller bits, some of whose type is shown in Fig. 6.1. From among roller bits of other types in use are presently the single-roller cutter ones.
For full hole drilling the industry puts out largely sectional three-roller jet bits (Fig. 6.2) made by welding together three forged sections 3, about whose wrists 5 rotate on bearings 6 and 7 roller cutters 4 fitted out with rock-breaking members. Once the sections are welded together outside (male) tool joint thread 1 is cut at the top end of the bit. To allow for the passage of the drilling fluid the bit is provided with flushing holes 2.
The bits are manufactured with single, two, three and four- cone roller cutters. When the bit rotates clockwise the cutters roll over the bottom hole counter-clockwise and accomplish a complicated rotary motion. As a result, the rock-breaking components of the roller cutters strike the rock and thus crush and chip it off. Therefore, as concerns the principle of rock disintegration, roller bits belong to the class of bits of crushing-chipping action.
Fig. 6.2 Sectional three-roller jet bit
There exist two patterns of roller cutters arrangement in the bit:
with the ioller cutters axes intersecting the bit axis at one point;
with the roller cutters axes displaced towards the direction of the bit rotation, parallel to a position in which their axes intesect the bit axis. Such a displacement of the axes over length is termed positive.
The first design pattern was laid at the basis of the CT, T, T3, TK, TK3, K and OK types of the bit, while bits of the M, M3, MC, MC3r C and C3 types were constructed by following the second pattern.
Supply a heading for Text 1.
Find in Text 1 English equivalents for the following:
широко застосовувати, тркрізцеве долото, зварювати, поршневий палець, бур, різьба, буровий розчин, промивати струменем рідини, за годинниковою стрілкою, проти годинникової стрілки, виготовляти, здійснювати, належати до, пересікати, зміщення, дробляче-сколюючий.
Make a plan to Text 1 and! retell it.
Fig. 6.1 Three-roller bit
Describe a sectional three- roller jet bit using Figure 6.2.