Граматика / Forrest_Lunn_Complex_Sentences

115 / Other Types of Sentence

Even can only used to intensify though (and other subordinating conjunctions). It is not itself a conjunction.

(3)During the first few weeks, he felt that there was a war inside him every time Ø he took a tablet.

	Every time is, itself, a conjunction. The error could also be corrected by removing every
	time and keeping when (or, better, using whenever)
(4)	Leora escapes and gets help from her friend, the Wizard, who tells her she must find a balloon and
	plant it under a tree in the courtyard, while she says magic words
	The non-finite adverbial clause is not possible here because the ‘interference’ of tree and
	courtyard obscure the fact that she is the intended understood stubject.
(5)	After Laura says the magic words, the tree begins to quiver and blossom with hundreds and
	hundreds of balloons that start floating in the air, filling the courtyard, the town and the whole
	country.

Here the non-finite, subjectless clause is impossible because the intended subject is not the same as the subject of the main clause (the tree) and, as a consequence it sounds as if it is the tree that has said the magic words.

(6)We ask that this journey won't end before we Ø have dreamt.

The future cannot be used in time clauses.

exercise 7-E

(1)[When saber-toothed cats and other big animals died off about 10,000 years ago] the California condor retreated to the carrion-rich Pacific coast and survived. ADV

-the main clause of this sentence has a compound verb, retreated . . . survived.

(2)A Spanish priest recorded { seeing one in 1602} N

(3)Twenty-seven birds remained as genetic “founders” for a breeding program [that has produced

twenty-five additional birds, including the two { freed last week}] ADJ ADJ

(4)[Since a condor’s wings are too large for much flapping] it soars skyward by { jumping from its

	mountaintop nest into an updraft} ADV N
(5)	On the ground, the birds need a spiraling thermal air current { to take off} ADV

(6)Condors find food in open flatlands [where shrubbery will not hamper takeoffs] ADV

(7)They used to live on cliff tops around California’ Central Valley and fly to lowlands [where

hunters shot deer and left “gut piles” full of fragments of toxic lead] ADJ

-here the dependent clause has a compound verb, shot . . . left

(8)Chicks { raised in captivity} have prospered at the San Diego and Los Angeles zoos. ADJ

(9)	At least 30 of the 49 black-footed ferrets { released in a Wyoming wilderness last fall} have died.
	ADJ

(10)In Texas, reintroduced northern aplomado falcons were killed off by great horned owls [that had moved into the falcon’s old territory] ADJ

(11)	Captive breeding may destroy behaviors { needed for survival} ADJ

(12)Zoo-bred golden lion tamarins dropped out of trees and ignored natural food { after going back to the Brazilian jungle} ADV

(13)The first red wolves { reintroduced to a North Carolina refuge} wandered into residential neighborhoods. ADJ

(14)	Stillborn calves { left on mountains} might keep the birds from { flying to flatland sources of
	toxic food} ADJ N

(15)And { moving the carrion around} will force natural foraging behavior. N

(16)Biologists assume [that intensive care is temporary] N

exercise 7-F

(1)[The murmuring] (began) right after Nancy Kim opened the test booklet for her midterm biology exam at McGill University in Montreal.

(2)Soon [it] (became) < a series of clear voices, uttering distinguishable words> .

(3)	As Ms. Kim strove to complete the multiple-choice test, [she} (realized) < many of the 300
	students were consulting each other on the answers.>

(4)As she walked to the front of the room to hand in her booklet to the lone supervisor, [one student] (leaned out and asked): < “Wha’d’ya put for number 38?”>

(5)[Cheating, always a feature of university life], (appears) < to be on the increase.>

(6)	[A study at Rutgers University in New Brunswick, N.J.], (put) < the number of students who
	admit to some form of “academic dishonesty”> at 80 per cent or higher.

(7)Although few have studied cheating in Canada, [those who have done so] (believe) < it is just as widespread here.>

(8)[It] (has entered) < a high-tech mode> , with programmable watches and calculators superseding “cheat sheets” or notes scrawled on the soles of sneakers.