1.5. The Past Participle.
The
past participle is the non-finite form of the verb which combines the
properties of the verb with those of the adjective. It serves as the
qualifying-processual name.
The
past participle is a single form It has no paradigm of its own. It
conveys implicitly the categorial meaning of the perfect and the
passive. It has no distinct combinability features or syntactic
function features specially characteristic of the adverb.
The
main self-positional functions of the past participle in the sentence
are those of the attribute and the predicative.
The
past participle is included in the structural formation of the
present participle (perfect, passive).
The
attributive past participle of limitive verbs in a neutral context
expresses priority, while the past participle of unlimitive verbs
expresses simultaneity.
The
past participle is capable of making up semi-predicative
constructions of complex object, complex subject, as well as of
absolute complex.
The
past participles of non-objective verbs are rarely used in
independent sentence-part positions; they are mostly included in
phraseological or cliche combinations (faded photographs, fallen
leaves, a retired officer, a withered flower, dream come true, etc.).
