Asharizm, which became the main school of Kalam in X cent., is solution “theological” questions as “middle ground” between the position of Mu'tazila and the doctrine of the traditionalists (the Salafittes), proponents of free will and predestination

(предопределения) supporters.

Falsafa (Eastern peripatetism) is a direction of secular philosophy in classical Islam, which develops the ancient model of ainly of Aristotle

Al-Kindi (801-873), (philosopher of Arabs) has formulated the main questions:

the rational-allegorical interpretation of the “sacred texts”

identification of God with the primordial cause

the interpretation of creation as granting the existence of things with a kind of causal relationships

a process of emanation (the origin of the Universe through emergence of beyond first principles);

Abu Nasr al-Farabi (873- 950)

Philosophy and religion arise after people mastered the “practical arts” and seek to understand the causes of surrounding things.

People are attached to the truths by two ways: by using apodictic judgments and through the dialectical, rhetorical or poetic expressions.

The need for religion related to the needs in Political Science and Law. Ideally, people should managed by philosophers, who give the truth to “the public” through “true religion” in images and allegorical discourses.

(“Treatise on the views of the virtuous city residents”)

Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980- 1037) - Central Asian philosopher and physician, a representative of the eastern Aristoteli

Ibn Sina proved co-eternity of the world with the Creator. Creation in eternity Ibn Sina explained by Neoplatonic concept of emanation, thus justifying the logical progression from the initial substance to the plurality of the created world.

According to him, absolute truth can be comprehended by intuitive vision which presents the culmination of the thinking process.

Works:

The Canon of Medicine

About predestination etc.