- •Unit VII the mauryan empire
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text VII the mauryan empire
- •II. Reading skills
- •III. Vocabulary skills
- •IV. Speaking skills
- •V. Writing skills
- •VI. Translation skills
- •Words to remember
- •Unit VIII gupta empire
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text VIII gupta empire
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VII. Writing skills
- •19. Topics for essay writing:
- •VIII. Translation skills
- •Imaginary Beasts
- •Words to remember
- •Unit IX zhous come to power
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text IX zhous come to power
- •IV. Reading skills
- •V. Vocabulary skills
- •VI. Speaking skills
- •VI. Writing skills
- •VIII. Translation skills
- •Государство Джоу
- •Words to remember
- •Unit X the greek world
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text X the greek world
- •II. Reading skills
- •III. Vocabulary skills
- •VII. Speaking skills
- •2) Ask your classmates to guess the word by your definition.
- •VIII. Writing skills
- •IX. Translation skills
- •Religion
- •Words to remember
- •Unit XI the roman empire
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •II. Text XI the roman empire
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VI. Writing skills
- •VII. Translation skills
- •Древний Рим
- •The Roman Empire
- •Words to remember
- •Unit XII neighbours of hercules
- •I. Pretext exercises
- •III. Reading skills
- •IV. Vocabulary skills
- •V. Speaking skills
- •VII. Writing skills
- •VII. Translation skills
- •The Seven Wonders of the World
- •Words to remember
IV. Reading skills
Ex. 1. Read the text and get its central idea. Among the statements below choose the one that tells the main idea of the text best.
The Chinese divide history into dynasties rather than centuries.
During the Zhou period the Chinese advanced a common Chinese civilization over a much broader area.
The Zhou dynasty had its own unique characteristics.
The Chinese sought harmony on secular rather than religious terms.
Ex. 2. Read the text again and note important details. Divide the text into logical parts, entitle each part.
Ex.3. Find in the text and read aloud sentences that prove that...
... the Chinese divide history into dynasties.
... it was not only on religious terms that the Chinese sought harmony.
... iron-working resulted in more deadly warfare.
... the technology of iron-working made it possible to change farming.
... one of the problems of the Zhou emperors was to keep loyalty of the great landowners.
... the northern Chinese assimilated the people of the Yangtze.
... once broken the power of the Zhous could not be regained.
... a new Eastern Zhou dynastic period started with coming to power of one of Zhou's sons.
Ex. 4. List the following items in the order in which they come in the text:
The new technology of iron-working made possible a change in the way that farming was done.
China never produced an institutionalized religion with scriptures or the priesthood until the arrival of Buddhism.
During the Eastern Zhou period warfare over land and prestige was common.
The Chinese divide history into dynasties rather than centuries.
The capital remained in Qangan throughout the period of their ascendancy.
Zhou's son was forced to flee to the east, and a new Zhou dynastic period started.
V. Vocabulary skills
Ex. 5. Give Russian equivalents of the following word combinations and reproduce the sentences in which they are used in the text:
seek harmony on secular terms to accept authoritarian government to challenge smb for smth a period of one's ascendancy throughout Chinese world to pay in kind to provide detachments of troops
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to keep loyalty to wall the palaces to ignore one's duties to smb to place under cultivation to assimilate peoples warfare over land and prestige to advance civilization
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Ex. 6. Give English equivalents of the following words and word combinations and reproduce the sentences in which they are given in the text:
к западу от неповторимые особенности обогащать строить из дерева развязать кампанию против в сельских районах
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находиться в состоянии войны с спасаться бегством обработка железа предотвращать ссоры перенести столицу в земледелие
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Ех. 7. Paraphrase the italicized parts:
Each Chinese dynasty was a peculiar one.
Farming made the country rich.
The Chinese were quite willing to agree to dictatorship as long as it offered stability.
4. At that time a rebellion of slaves was taking place.
The Chinese houses were made of wood rather than of stone.
The emperors waged wars against their enemies and expected the nobility to provide detachments of troops.
The aristocrats neglected their duties to the emperor.
With their axes peasants cut out woods from the land that was now placed under cultivation.
Ex. 8. Complete the sentences:
With their axes the peasants ...
During this period warfare over ...
An invading army killed Zhou emperor and his son and heir ...
The principalities were at war with ...
The new technology of iron-working ...
Each dynasty has its own ...
The Chinese sought harmony ...
Little remains of early Chinese buildings ...
In political terms the Chinese ...
The Zhou moved the capital to ...
A chieftain in the region of the Wei Valley ...
When the emperors prepared to launch ...
Ex. 9. Arrange the following words into the pairs of synonyms:
a) to seek, throughout, to keep loyalty, to ignore one's duties, to cultivate, to be in progress, to launch campaign against, cultivation, to flee, to be made of wood.
b) to place under cultivation, to wage war against, all over, farming, to be built in wood, to take place, to look for, to find refuge, to be faithful to, to neglect one's duties.
Ex. 10. Think of antonyms to the following expressions:
to keep loyalty to, to stop a campaign, peace, to reject dictatorship, to ignore one's duties to, to pay in kind.