Uml диаграмма классов
Исследование программы при помощи Profiler
В интегрированной среде VisualC++ пользователю предоставляется несколько предустановленных вариантов оптимизации программы:
Default– оптимизация в этом случае не выполянется
maximizespeed– максимизируется скорость выполнения программы.
Включена опция /O2 = /Og/Oy/Ob1 /Gs/Gf/Gy/Oi/Ot
minimizesize– минимизируется размер программы.
Включена опция /O1 = /Og /Oy /Ob1 /Gs /Gf /Gy /Os
MS Visual C++ 6.0 "C" optimizations
Выделенные опции установлены по умолчанию
|
Name |
Option |
Description |
|
Blend |
/GB |
Optimize for 386 and above |
|
Pentium |
/G5 |
Optimize for Pentium and above |
|
Pentium Pro |
/G6 |
Optimize for PentiumPro and above |
|
Windows |
/GA |
Optimize for Windows (specifically access to thread-specific data) |
|
DLL |
/GD |
Not currently implemented. Reserved for future use. |
|
Cdecl |
/Gd |
Caller cleans stack. Slow. Allows variable argument functions. Alternate: __cdecl |
|
Stdcall |
/Gz |
Callee cleans stack. Fast. No variable argument functions. Alternate: __stdcall |
|
Fastcall |
/Gr |
Callee cleans stack. Uses registers. Fastest. No variable argument functions. Can't be used with _export. Alternate: __fastcall |
|
String pooling |
/Gf |
Put duplicate strings in one memory location. |
|
String pooling RO |
/GF |
Put duplicate strings in one read-only memory location. |
|
Stack probes off |
/Gs |
Turn off stack checking. Alternate: #pragma check_stack |
|
Func-level linking |
/Gy |
Linker only includes functions referenced in the OBJ rather than the entire contents |
|
Small |
/O1 |
Same as /Og /Oy /Ob1 /Gs /Gf /Gy /Os (global opts, omit frame ptr, allow inlines, stack probes off, func-level linking, favor code size over speed) |
|
Fast |
/O2 |
Same as /Og /Oy /Ob1 /Gs /Gf /Gy /Oi /Ot (global opts, omit frame ptr, allow inlines, stack probes off, func-level linking, favor code speed, intrinsic functions) |
|
No aliasing |
/Oa |
Assume no aliasing occurs within functions. Alternate: #pragma optimize("a") |
|
Intra-func aliasing |
/Ow |
Assume aliasing occurs across function calls. Alternate: #pragma optimize("w") |
|
Disable all opts |
/Od |
Turn off all optimizations |
|
Global opts |
/Og |
Turn on loop, common subexpression and register optimizations. Alternate: #pragma optimize("g") |
|
Intrinsic functions |
/Oi |
Replace specific functions with inline versions (memcpy, strcpy, strlen, etc.). Alternate: #pragma intrinsic/function |
|
Float consistency |
/Op |
Increase the precision of floating point operations at the expense of speed and size |
|
Small code |
/Os |
Favor code size over speed. Alternate: #pragma optimize("s") |
|
Fast code |
/Ot |
Favor code speed over size. Alternate: #pragma optimize("f") |
|
Full optimizations |
/Ox |
Enable the following: /Ob1 /Og /Oi /Ot /Oy /Gs |
|
Omit frame pointer |
/Oy |
Suppress creation of frame pointers on call stack. Frees the EBP register for other uses. Alternate: #pragma optimize("y") |
|
Struct packing |
/Zp8 |
Sets the structure member alignment. n=1,2,4,8(default),16. Smaller values generate smaller, slower code. Larger values generate larger, faster code. |
MS Visual C++ 6.0 "C++" optimizations
Выделенные опции установлены по умолчанию
|
Name |
Option |
Description |
|
No Vtable |
__declspec (novtable) |
Stops the compiler from generating code to initialize the vfptr in the constructor. Apply to pure interface classes for code size reduction. |
|
No Throw |
__declspec (nothrow) |
Stops the compiler from tracking unwindable objects. Apply to functions that don't throw exceptions for code size reduction. Same as using C++ throw() specification. |
|
Disable RTTI |
/GR- |
Turn off run time type information. |
|
Exception handling |
/GX |
Turn on exception handling. |
|
Inline expansion |
/Ob1 |
Allow functions marked inline to be inline. Alternate: inline, __forceinline, #pragma inline_depth/inline_recursion |
|
Inline any |
/Ob2 |
Inline functions deemed appropriate by compiler. Alternate: #pragma auto_inline/inline_depth/inline_recursion |
|
Ctor displacement |
/vd0 |
Disable constructor displacement. Choose this option only if no class constructors or destructors call virtual functions. Use /vd1 (default) to enable. Alternate: #pragma vtordisp |
|
Best case ptrs |
/vmb |
Use best case "pointer to class member" representation. Use this option if you always define a class before you declare a pointer to a member of the class. The compiler will issue an error if it encounters a pointer declaration before the class is defined. Alternate: #pragma pointers_to_members |
|
Gen. purpose ptrs |
/vmg |
Use general purpose "pointer to class member" representation (the opposite of /vmb). Required if you need to declare a pointer to a member of a class before defining the class. Requires one of the following inheritance models: /vmm, /vms, /vmv. Alternate: #pragma pointers_to_members |
Результаты профилирования программы с различными способами оптимизации
default
Program Statistics
------------------
Command line at 2007 Oct 24 12:59: "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\MyProjects\lab1_3\Release\lab1_3"
Total time: 644,512 millisecond
Time outside of functions: 0,824 millisecond
Call depth: 20
Total functions: 638
Total hits: 167387
Function coverage: 70,2%
Overhead Calculated 8
Overhead Average 8
Module Statistics for lab1_3.exe
--------------------------------
Time in module: 643,688 millisecond
Percent of time in module: 100,0%
Functions in module: 638
Hits in module: 167387
Module function coverage: 70,2%
size: 167 936
maximize speed
Program Statistics
------------------
Command line at 2007 Oct 24 12:51: "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\MyProjects\lab1_3\Release\lab1_3"
Total time: 434,632 millisecond
Time outside of functions: 0,394 millisecond
Call depth: 12
Total functions: 501
Total hits: 19716
Function coverage: 66,1%
Overhead Calculated 8
Overhead Average 8
Module Statistics for lab1_3.exe
--------------------------------
Time in module: 434,238 millisecond
Percent of time in module: 100,0%
Functions in module: 501
Hits in module: 19716
Module function coverage: 66,1%
size: 151 552
minimize size
Program Statistics
------------------
Command line at 2007 Oct 24 12:56: "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\MyProjects\lab1_3\Release\lab1_3"
Total time: 491,842 millisecond
Time outside of functions: 1,248 millisecond
Call depth: 16
Total functions: 530
Total hits: 28110
Function coverage: 65,7%
Overhead Calculated 8
Overhead Average 8
Module Statistics for lab1_3.exe
--------------------------------
Time in module: 490,594 millisecond
Percent of time in module: 100,0%
Functions in module: 530
Hits in module: 28110
Module function coverage: 65,7%
size: 139 264
Не исполнявшиеся функции: конструкторы копирования.
Они используются классом Hash, который в этой программе не тестировался.