- •The scope of lexicology and the key notions of the word studies
- •It is the relation between the notion named and the name itself.
- •2. Links with other branches of linguistics
- •3. The theoretical and practical value of lexicology
- •Methods of lexicological research
- •The Word as a Linguistic Unit. The Semantic Sstructure of the Word
- •2. Meaning and notion. Types of meaning.
- •3. The elements of the semantic structure. Polysemy.
- •4. The change of meaning
- •Intralinguistic relations of words, thematic groups. The theory of semantic fields
- •1. Homonyms as words with different meanings. Classifications of homonyms.
- •2. Sources of homonymy. Homonymy and polysemy.
- •1. Homonyms as words with different meanings. Classifications of homonyms
- •2. Sources of homonymy. Homonymy and polysemy
- •2. Sources of synonymy
- •3. Euphemisms
- •4. Other types of paradigmatic relations
- •5. Antonyms.
- •2. Classification of the vocabulary according to the period of time.
- •2. Etymological classification of the vocabulary
- •3) Unassimilated loan words or barbarisms: hos d`oeuvres.
- •1) The classification according to the part of speech.
- •Lexicalisation
- •Native affixes
- •2. Compound words
- •Semi-affixes
- •Classification of compounds
- •3. Shortenings
- •I.V. Arnold [] speaks about so-called minor types of lexical oppositions, to which she referred Sound interchange, Distinctive stress, Sound imitation.
- •4. Conversion
- •Conversion in present-day English
- •Partial conversion
- •Substantivation
- •1. The notion of phraseology. The main properties of pharaseological units.
- •2. Classifications of phraseological units
- •1. The notion of phraseology. The main properties of pharaseological units.
- •2. Classifications of phraseological units
- •Structural classification of phraseological units
- •I. Methods of lexicological research
- •II. The Word as a Linguistic Unit. The Semantic structure of the Word
- •(S)Мыркин в.Я. Чувственно-иконическое значение слова//Филологические науки.- 2005-№ 5.
- •(S) Сидорова т.А. Взаимосвязь членимости, производности и мотивированности внутренней формы слова.// Филологические науки. – 2006-№1.
- •(S)Виноградов в.В. Об омонимии и смежных явлениях/Введение в языкознание: Хрестоматия. – м.: Аспект Пресс, 2000.
- •Stylistic classification of the vocabulary.
- •(S)Добросклонская т.Г. Роль сми в динамике языковых процессов// Вестник мгу Лингвистика и межкультурная коммуникация.№5.- 2005.
- •6.(S)Сердобинцева е.Н. Речевые характеристики профессиональной лексики // Филологические науки. – 2006-№3.
- •1. The morpheme and types of morphemes. Derivation
- •2. Compound words.
- •(S)Зеленин а.В. Дезаббревиация в русском языке//вя2005№1.
- •Кочарян ю.Г. Аббревиация кА лингвистический феномен//Вестник мгу Лингвистика и межкультурная коммуникация.№3.- 2007.
- •(S)Смирницкий а.И. Лексикология английского языка. – м.: Изд-во мгу, 1998. – 260 с .- с.48-135. Additional
- •4. (S)Кунин а.В. Курс фразеологии английского языка. – Дубна: Феникс, 1996 – 381 с., с. 8 – 28; 46-98; 212 – 241; 339-364.
- •1.Lexicography
- •2.Variants of English
3. The theoretical and practical value of lexicology
We can speak about the theoretical value of lexicology if we realize that it forms the study of the vocabulary, one of the three main aspects of language. The other two are grammar and sound system.
Lexicology gives useful material to many different branches of applied linguistics, such as lexicography, literary criticism, standardization of terminology, and foreign language teaching.
It helps to stimulate a systematic approach to the facts of vocabulary. Its data can be useful in building up the learner's vocabulary by selection, grouping and analysis of new words. Knowing the system of word-formation a student can guess and retain in his memory the meaning of new words on the basis of their motivation and by comparing them with the previously learned patterns. Taking into consideration the collocability of words we can avoid many mistakes. E.g. in synonyms and the possibility of their usage in the context: to die - to pass away - to kick the bucket. Lexicology not only gives a systematic description of the vocabulary, but also helps students to master the literary standards of word usage.
For a philologist lexicology is important as it sums up the knowledge acquired at the lessons of Oral Practice. It also imparts the necessary skills of using different kinds of dictionaries, and prepares for future independent work on increasing one's vocabulary.
The task of the discipline English lexicology falls into two main parts: the the English word is studied as a structure and the English vocabulary is studied as a system. The aim of the course is to show the morphological and semantic patterns according to which the elements of this system are built, and to try to explain how these vocabulary patterns are conditioned by the structure of the language.
A.I. Smirnitsky suggested the following basic points of studying and teaching lexicology:
1. The problem of the word
2. The structural and phonetic characterization of modern English vocabulary
3. Semantic features of English vocabulary
4. Phraseological units
5. The origin of English vocabulary.
Methods of lexicological research
The methods used for lexicological research are distributional analyis, transformational analysis, contextual analysis, componental analysis and various statistical methods.
The contextual analysis determins the minimal stretch of speech and the conditions necessary to reveal in which of its individual meanings the word in question is used.
The distributional analysis concentrates on the combining power or typical co-occurrence of linguistic elements or the distribution, i.e. the types of other elements of the same level with which it can occur.
The transformational analysis is based on transformations or changing of a sentence, phrase according to a prescribed model and following certain rules.
The componential analysis is interested in the meaning and is based on correlations of binary oppositions man- woman === boy- girl === bull- cow. The meanings of words man, boy, bull on the one hand, and woman, girl arid cow, on the other, have something in common.
LECTURE II