Дьяков И.А. Схемотехника
.pdfaZijhk ih ebgbb,54Lh]^Z ihke_ aZibkb2&: $K$)Kiyluc mjh\_gv bf__l kZfuc gbadbc ijbhjbl_l Z |
||
dhevph ijbhjbl_lh\ bf__l \b^© ªAZijhk,54[m^_l bf_lv \ukhdbc ijbhjbl_l |
||
Dhf[bgZpby© / / / ªijbf_gy_lky ^ey pbdebq_kdh]h k^\b]Z mjh\g_c ijbhjbl_lh\ kh ki_pbZevguf |
||
aZ\_jr_gb_f ij_ju\Zgbc ;blu/ / /hij_^_eyxl dh^ ^gZ ijbhjbl_lZ GZijbf_j imklv dhevph bf__l \b^ |
||
© ªb [ue ihemq_g aZijhk ih ebgbb,54gh dh^2&: / |
Ebeb'Lh]^Z IDI i_j_oh^bl \ |
|
bkoh^gh_ khklhygb_ b [m^_l j_Z]ljh\Zlv gZ ihklmiZxsb_ ij_ju\Zgby Z dhevph ijbhjbl_lh\ bf__l agZq_gb_ |
||
© ª |
|
|
JZaj_r_gb_ \jZs_gby mjh\g_c ijbhjbl_lh\ jZaj_rZ_lky dhf[bgZpb_c© / / / ªDhfZg^Z mklZgZ\eb\Z_l |
||
klZlmk mjh\g_c [_a \uiheg_gby hi_jZpbb aZ\_jr_gby ij_ju\Zgbc IDI g_ \ bkoh^ghf khklhygbb |
||
K[jhk jZaj_r_gby \jZs_gby mjh\g_c ijbhjbl_lh\ \uihegy_lky aZibkvx2&: ©oooª |
||
Pbdebq_kdbc k^\b] ijbhjbl_lh\ [_a aZ\_jr_gby ij_ju\Zgby khhl\_lkl\m_l2&: © / / / ªIhke_^gb_ |
||
ljb [blZ hij_^_eyxl dh^ ^gZ dhevpZ |
|
|
IDI ^himkdZ_l h[jZ[hldm ij_ju\Zgbc ih hijhkm gh ijbf_gy_lky hgZ djZcg_ j_^dh < dhgljhee_j ih q_lghfm |
||
Z^j_km aZibku\Zxl keh\h2&:jbk Djbl_jbc hij_^_e_gby keh\Z [bl [bl [bl Ijbf_gyxl |
||
ke_^mxsb_ dhf[bgZpbb mklZgh\dZ j_`bfZ hijhkZ©ooªjZaj_r_gb_ ql_gby j_]bkljZ h[kem`b\Zgby |
||
ij_ju\Zgbc2&: © ªjZaj_r_gb_ ql_gby j_]bkljZ aZijhkh\ ij_ju\Zgbc,55 © ªjZaj_r_gb_ |
||
ljb]]_jZ ki_pbZevgh]h fZkdbjh\Zgby© ªk[jhk ljb]]_jZ ki_pbZevgh]h fZkdbjh\Zgby ij_ju\Zgbc |
||
© ªIh g_q_lghfm Z^j_km kqblu\Zxl [Zcl kh agZq_gbyfb ij_ju\Zgbc,55beb2&:J_]bklj,55[bl |
||
ihdZau\Z_l _klv ij_ju\Zgb_ beb _]h g_l Z feZ^rb_ ljb [blZ kh^_j`Zl dh^ ij_ju\Zgby lj_[mxs_]h |
||
|
h[kem`b\Zgby Dh^ khhl\_lkl\m_l ghf_jm \oh^Z,54 |
|
|
Ko_fZ ijh]jZffbjh\Zgby dhjljhee_jZ ke_^mxsZy |
|
|
\ ]eZ\ghc ijh]jZff_ |
|
|
,&:o Z^j3,& |
|
|
,&:o Z^j3,& |
|
|
2&:o Z^j3,& |
|
|
2&:o Z^j3,& k[jhkblv dhgljhee_j \ bkoh^gh_ khklhygb_ |
|
|
\ ih^ijh]jZff_ h[jZ[hldb ij_ju\Zgby |
|
|
', |
|
|
386+ khojZgblv \k_ j_]bklju |
|
|
|
|
l_eh ih^ijh]jZffu |
|
|
|
|
|
323 ^hklZlv \k_ j_]bklju djhf_ :36: |
|
|
2&:o 3,& k[jhkblv dhgljhee_j |
|
|
323 36: |
|
|
(, |
|
|
5(7 |
|
|
<j_f_ggZy ^bZ]jZffZ jZ[hlu IDI \ j_`bf_ aZijhkZ ihdZaZgZ gZ jbk GZ \oh^ dhgljhee_jZ,54L ihklmiZ_l |
||
aZijhk hl \g_rg_]h mkljhckl\Z beb \_^hfh]h IDI Dhgljhee_j nhjfbjm_l aZijhk,17 b i_j_^Z_l fbdjhijhp_kkhjm |
||
< hl\_l gZ kb]gZe ih^l\_j`^_gby,17$ ihemq_ggh]h hl fbdjhijhp_kkhjZ IDI ih rbg_ ^Zgguo i_j_^Z_l _fm dh^ |
||
dhfZg^u&$//?keb _klv dZkdZ^gh_ \dexq_gb_ lh IDI ihemqZ_l hl \_^hfh]h dhgljhee_jZ dh^ nhjfbjm_l Z^j_k |
||
|
|
\oh^Z \ \_dlhj |
|
|
ij_ju\Zgby b \ |
|
|
hl\_l gZ ^\Z |
,54L |
|
ih^l\_j`^_gby |
|
|
,17$ ihkueZ_l |
|
|
kgZqZeZ feZ^rbc |
,17 |
|
|
|
|
[Zcl Z^j_kZ Z aZl_f |
|
|
klZjrbc LZdbf |
,17$ |
|
h[jZahf |
|
|
fbdjhijhp_kkhj |
|
|
i_j_oh^bl d |
|
|
\uiheg_gbx |
|
|
ih^ijh]jZffu |
|
|
h[jZ[hldb |
|
|
ij_ju\Zgby |
&$6 |
b^_glbnbdZlhj aZijhkZ |
|
|
|
I_jkhgZevguc |
|
|
dhfivxl_j lbiZ :L |
|
|
bf__l ^\Z |
|
|
dhgljhee_jZ |
|
|
ij_ju\Zgbc |
Dhebq_kl\h ebgbc aZijhkh\± < fh^_eyo OL bkihevam_lky h^bg IDI Qlh[u k\yaZlv h[jZ[hlqbd ij_ju\Zgbc k |
||
ghf_jZfb ij_ju\Zgbc bkihevam_lky lZ[ebpZ \_dlhjh\ AZgbfZ_l i_j\uc dbeh[Zcl HAM hl ^h)) |
||
\dexqZ_l we_f_glh\)$5 ± Z^j_kh\ h[jZ[hlqbdh\ ij_ju\Zgbc < i_j\hf klhe[p_ we_f_glZ lZ[ebpu aZibkZgh |
||
kf_s_gb_ Z \h \lhjhf Z^j_k k_]f_glZ h[jZ[hldb ij_ju\Zgby GZijbf_j ^ey ij_ju\Zgby Z^j_k ^ey |
||
ij_ju\Zgby Z^j_k b l ^ Wlh \k_ ijh]jZffgu_ ij_ju\Zgby b kj_^b gbo ZiiZjZlguo < lZ[e |
ijb\_^_gZ klZg^ZjlgZy bgbpbZebaZpby IDI%,26Ihjy^hd jZkiheh`_gby aZijhkh\ ijb\_^_g \ khhl\_lkl\bb k bo |
|||
ijbhjbl_lZfb |
|
|
|
|
|
|
LZ[e |
Bfy |
<_dl |
Bklhqgbd ij_ju\Zgbc |
|
|
hj |
|
|
10, |
K |
Dhgljhev rbgu q_lghklv ^Zgguo \ OL khijhp_kkhj |
|
,54 |
K |
Hl lZcf_jZ qZklhlZ =p |
|
,54 |
K |
Hl deZ\bZlmju ijb gZ`Zlbb b hl`Zlbb deZ\br |
|
,54 |
$K |
>ey dZkdZ^bjh\Zgby IDI,54 ± ,54\ OL j_a_j\ |
|
,54 |
K |
Hl qZkh\ j_Zevgh]h \j_f_gb ijb kh\iZ^_gbb qZkh\ b [m^bevgbdZ |
|
,54 |
K |
J_a_j\ beb hl dhgljhee_jZ(*$ \ OL |
|
,54 |
K |
J_a_j\ |
|
,54 |
K |
J_a_j\ |
|
,54 |
K |
J_a_j\ beb 36 PRXVH |
|
,54 |
K |
Hl fZl_fZlbq_kdh]h khijhp_kkhjZ jZggb_ fh^_eb :L |
|
,54 |
K |
Hl+'& dhgljhee_jZ+'' \ :L |
|
,54 |
K |
J_a_j\ |
|
,54 |
%K |
Hl ihjlZ ihke_^h\Zl_evghc k\yab KHF beb KHF |
|
,54 |
&K |
Hl ihjlZ ihke_^h\Zl_evghc k\yab KHF beb KHF |
|
,54 |
'K |
Hl+'& ± dhgljhee_jZ \ OL/37 ± $7a\mdh\Zy dZjlZ beb j_a_j\ |
|
,54 |
(K |
Hl)'& dhgljhee_jZ)'' |
|
,54 |
)K |
Hl ijbgl_jZ/37 |
|
J_a_j\gu_ aZijhku ij_ju\Zgbc fh]ml bkihevah\Zlvky ^hihegbl_evgh ih^dexqZ_fufb d dhfivxl_jm mkljhckl\Zfb gZijbf_j k_l_\uf Z^Zil_jhf,54^hihegbl_evguf,'( ,54b ij KlZg^ZjlgZy jZkdeZ^dZ aZijhkh\ fh`_l [ulv baf_g_gZ ihevah\Zl_e_f
Ijh]jZffbjh\Zgb_ dhgljhee_jZ ijhba\h^blky ih Z^j_kZf \_^msbc IDI± K K\_^hfuc IDI± $K$K
MijZ\eyxsb_ keh\Z aZibku\Zxlky,&:\ K $K ,&: ± ,&:\ K $K
DhfZg^u bgbpbZebaZpbb,&:b ,&:\ i_jkhgZevghf dhfivxl_j_ bf_xl g_dhlhju_ hlebqby hl ZgZeh]bqguo mijZ\eyxsbo keh\ IDI DJ <G> @Wlb hlebqby k\yaZgu k nbdkbjh\Zgguf rZ]hf ij_ju\Zgbc mf_gvr_gb_f \uqbkey_fuo Z^j_kguo jZajy^h\ jbk ihy\e_gb_f q_l\_jlh]h mijZ\eyxs_]h keh\Z,&:b ijh]jZffguf mijZ\e_gb_f qm\kl\bl_evghklvx \oh^h\,54;bl6 mijZ\ey_l dhebq_kl\hf dhgljhee_jh\ Gh \ :L± fh^_eyo ijbf_gy_lky lhevdh dZkdZ^gh_ \dexq_gb_ KlZjrb_ ljb [blZ g_ bkihevamxlky
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
± bkihevam_lky |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
\oh^h\,54 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
g_l |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MijZ\eyxs__ keh\h,&: |
± ih |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
hij_^_ey_l [Zah\uc Z^jmjh\gxk dlhjZ |
|
ij_ju\Zgbc b ZgZeh]bqgh jbk FeZ^rb_ [blu± g_ |
||||||||||
± ih njhglm |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
bkihevamxlky b ^he`gu bf lv gme_\u_ |
|
agZq_gby ;_a baf_g_gbc ijbf_gyxlky,&:b ,&: |
||||||||||
jbk jbk Gh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[blu± \ ,&:j_dhf_g^m_lky |
||||
ijbf_gylv k gme_\ufb |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
agZq_gbyfb |
DhfZg^gh_ keh\h,&:aZ^Z_l j_`bf jZ[hlu \ :L± fh^_eyo Z OL ± fh^_eyo wlh lj_lbc [Zcl bgbpbZebaZpbb
jbk
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
± |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
j_`bf \eh`_gghklb |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
± b klZjr_ |
ijbhjbl_lh\ aZijhkh\ |
|
|||||||||
\_^ms_]h b \_^hfh]h |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
aZ\_jr_gb_ ij_ju\Zgby [_a k[jhkZ |
IDI |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[blZ fZkdb |
< hi_jZpbhgghf j_`bf_ IDI i_jkhgZevgh]h dhfivxl_jZ \hkijbgbfZ_l dhfZg^u2&: ± 2&:AZibkv |
||||
ijhba\h^blky ih Z^j_kZf2&:\ K $K 2&:b 2&:\ K $KHlebqbc hl jbk jbk b jbk |
||||
g_l |
|
|
|
|
KlZg^Zjlgh_ ijh]jZffbjh\Zgb_ IDI ijb\_^_gh \ lZ[e Bkihevam_lky j_`bf \eh`_gguo ij_ju\Zgbc k |
||||
nbdkbjh\Zgguf ijbhjbl_lhf b Z\lhfZlbq_kdbf g_ki_pbZevguf aZ\_jr_gb_f ij_ju\Zgbc DZ`^Zy ih^ijh]jZffZ |
||||
h[jZ[hldb aZ\_jrZ_lky aZibkvx2&: K |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LZ[e |
|
|
|
|
|
|
DhfZg^Z |
OL |
:L \_^msbc IDI |
:L \_^hfuc IDI |
|
|
|
|
|
|
,&: |
K |
K |
K |
|
|
|
|
|
|
,&: |
K |
K |
K |
|
|
|
|
|
|
,&: |
|
K |
K |
|
|
|
|
|
|
,&: |
)K |
)K |
%K |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2&: |
[[K |
[[K |
[[K |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2&: |
K |
K |
K |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2&: |
$K |
$K |
$K |
>bZ]jZffZ ih^l\_j`^_gby,17$ gZ aZijhk,17 \dexqZ_l ^\Z pbdeZ gh i_j\uc pbde g_ g_k_l dh^Z dhfZg^u >_ckl\bl_e_g lhevdh \lhjhc pbde I_j_^Z_lky± [blguc \_dlhj ij_ju\Zgby l _ ghf_j ih dhlhjhfm kkuedZ gZ ijhp_^mjm h[jZ[hldb ij_ju\Zgby ojZgblky \ lZ[ebp_ ij_ju\Zgbc
KIBKHD EBL?J:LMJU
.ODXV 3HWHU 6FKRO] 0LFURHOHFWURQLN XQG GHUHQ %DXHOHPHQWH %HUOLQ 9HUO 7HFKQLN ± 6
:eb_\ L F L_j OZqZlmjh\ : : Baf_jbl_evgZy l_ogbdZ F <ukr rd k?\lbob_\ G G Dmi_jrfb^l Y : IZimeh\kdbc < N b ^j Baf_j_gb_ we_dljbq_kdbo b g_we_dljbq_kdbo
\_ebqbg F Wg_j]hZlhfba^Zl k
:lZfZeyg W = Ijb[hju b f_lh^u baf_j_gby we_dljbq_kdbo \_ebqbg F <ukr rd kIjb[hj we_dljhbaf_jbl_evguc dhf[bgbjh\Zgguc P IZkihjl @blhfbj kHkpbeeh]jZn ^\moemq_\hc mgb\_jkZevguc K L_ogbq_kdh_ hibkZgb_ b bgkljmdpby ih wdkiemZlZpbb
=< LH
S_edmgh\ G G Fbdjhijhp_kkhjgu_ kj_^kl\Z b kbkl_fu F JZ^bh b k\yav k
k RZ]mjbg B B ;hjh^bg < ; Fha]h\hc = I b ^j HibkZgb_ b kbkl_fZ dhfZg^ F©F:EBIª
©3HQWLXP SURFHVVRU IDPLO\ª KWWS ZZZ LQWHO FRP
RZogh\ < : Fbdjhijhp_kkhju b fbdjhijhp_kkhjgu_ dhfie_dlu bgl_]jZevguo fbdjhko_f F JZ^bh b k\yav l k
Njheh\ : < Njheh\ = < :iiZjZlgh_ h[_ki_q_gb_ ,%0 3&q F©>B:EH= FBNBª]± k
<<?>?GB?
BFIMEVKU < FBDJHIJHP?KKHJGUO KBKL?F:O B BO
I:J:F?LJU
HKGH<GU? O:J:DL?JBKLBDB B I:J:F?LJU
BAF?JBL?EVGUO IJB;HJH<
F?LH>U B IH=J?RGHKLB BAF?J?GBC
FMEVLBF?LJU
WE?DLJHGGUC HKPBEEH=J:N
BAF?J?GB? WE?DLJBQ?KDBO <?EBQBG < FBDJHIJHP?KKHJGUO KBKL?F:O
FBDJHIJHP?KKHJU
FBDJHIJHP?KKHJ L
FBDJHIJHP?KKHJ,
FBDJHIJHP?KKHJ3(17,80 00;
DHFIHG?GLU FBDJHIJHP?KKHJGUO KBKL?F
;BK I:J:EE?EVGH=H <<H>: <U<H>:
;BK L:CF?J:
;BK MGB<?JK:EVGH=H IJB?FH I?J?>:LQBD:
IJH=JJ:FFBJM?FUC DHGLJHEE?J IJ?JU<:GBC
>VYDH< B]hjv :e_dk__\bq
KO?FHL?OGBD:
Mq_[gh_ ihkh[b_
J_^Zdlhj L F =ebgdbgZ
Bg`_g_j ih dhfivxl_jghfm fZd_lbjh\Zgbx
= X DhjZ[_evgbdh\Z
•c ¢ ºˆ •ã¯ ¢ ºˆ
•º ¹Ò°ÈÓº } ¹Ë ȈÒ
nº¯äȈu r‚äÈ È ºÁ°ËˆÓÈ« •Ë Ȉ ºÁ°ËˆÓÈ« |-žËä ‚°ã ¹Ë ã ‚ ÒÏ ã ‘Ò¯ÈÎ ª}Ï v
jÏ ÈˆËã °}º ¹ºãÒ ¯ÈÁÒ Ë°}Ò® ËÓˆ¯ ‘€‘•
‘Èä-ºm vºmˈ°}È« }