Тема 2 Складові комп’ютера - part 6

1 Доповніть речення відповідними словами (письмово)

Active words: set of instructions; physical units; holds the instructions and data; electronic or mechanical; store information permanently; plug; enter data and commands; allow communication; coordinates the activities; read and write; heart of the computer; extract the results;

PARTS OF A COMPUTER

A computer is an electronic machine that accepts, processes, stores and outputs information.

A typical computer consists of two parts: hardware and software. Hardware is any (1) … part of the computer system that you can see or touch.

Software is a (2) … , called a program, which tells a computer what to do.

There are three basic hardware sections.

- The CPU is the (3) … , a microprocessor chip which processes data and (4) … of all the other units.

- The main memory (5) … which are being processed by the CPU. It has two main sections: RAM (random access memory) and ROM (read only memory).

- Peripherals are the (6) … attached to the computer.

They include:

- Input devices, which let us (7) … (e.g. the keyboard and the mouse).

- Output devices, which let us (8) … (e.g. the monitor and the printer).

- Storage devices, which are used to (9) … (e.g. hard disks and DVD-RW drives). Disk drives are used to (10) … data on disks.

At the back of a computer there are ports into which we can (11) … external devices (e.g. a scanner, a modem, etc.). They (12) … between the computer and the devices.

2 Прочитайте та перекладіть текст (усно)

PARTS OF A COMPUTER

Most computers consist of an electronic central processing unit (CPU) to which are attached different input devices, output devices, and storage devices. The main parts of a desktop computer are enclosed in a box known as the system unit. This contains an electronic board called the motherboard that holds and connects together the main electronic components.

The motherboard usually has empty electronic connectors, called expansion slots, into which additional electronic boards can be plugged. This allows extra electronic components to be added. For example, more memory can be added by plugging memory boards (called SIMMS) into the memory slots. Sound facilities can be added by plugging a sound card into an expansion slot. This is one way of upgrading a computer. Another way is to replace the motherboard with a newer and better one. The system unit usually also contains a small speaker (or loudspeaker), the power supply, and some storage devices. These often include: a hard disk drive with a fixed disk that can store a very large amount of data; a CD-ROM drive that is used for reading CD-ROM disks. Some other devices may be included in the system unit but most input and output devices are plugged into the back of the system unit using connectors known as ports.

Power is a function of both speed and capacity. The power of a computer depends on the combination of all the components. When buying a computer, you can often choose between different components. In particular, you can choose between different processor speeds, amounts of memory and hard disk sizes.

3 Дайте відповіді на запитання (письмово)

1. What are the main parts of a computer? 2. What is the motherboard used for? 3. What is the function of expansion slots? 4. How can you upgrade your computer? 5. What is the difference between ports and expansion slots? 6. What is the definition of power? What does it depend on? 7. What is the difference between hardware and software? 8. What are the functions of peripherals? What do they include?

4 Прочитайте та вивчіть правила (усно)

SUFFIXES

Suffixes change the class of the root word. For example, by adding the suffix -er, the verb publish becomes the noun publisher. Suffixes can tell you if a word is a noun, adjective, verb or adverb.

Suffixes for jobs:

-er: webmaster / manufacturer - The two major manufacturers of processor chips are Intel and AMD.

-eer: auctioneer/ engineer - Greg is a software engineer, which means he writes computer programs.

-or: animator / operator - He worked as a computer animator on Toy Story.

-ant: IT assistant / IT consultant - She's a computer consultant and specializes in e-commerce, data protection and IT strategies.

-ian: technician / electrician - A computer technician installs, troubleshoots and upgrades hardware and software.

-ist: typist / scientist - Anyone who works as a typist may develop a problem with their hands.

Other common suffixes in ICT:

Nouns: -ion, -ment, -ics, -ity: (activity, state) – compression, management, robotics, electricity

Adjectives: -able, -ible: (able to be) - programmable (keyboard), convertible (format); -ful: (full of), -less: (without) - colourful, colourless (picture)

Verbs: -ize, -ise: (to make) - synthesize (music - to make it with a synthesizer)

5 Знайдіть відповідь на запитання: Which IT professionals from task 4 are described here? (письмово)

1. a person who designs and maintains software applications; 2. a person who gives expert, professional advice; 3. a person who uses graphics software to make or edit animated pictures; 4. a person who is employed to type letters, reports and other documents; 5. a person or enterprise that produces goods in large numbers, using machines; 6. a specialist in the technical details of computers;