12. A) Complete the sentences with the derivatives of the words given in the right-hand column:

If you are planning to travel to an exotic (1) ______________ country, Hong Kong is the best place to visit. A holiday there would be absolutely (2) __________________ but (3) _______________ at the same time. There are thousands of shops open 24 hours a day, plus lots of (4) _______________ to see, like (5) _____________________ Chinese temples and statues. While you are there, make sure to take advantage of the many restaurants and try a (6) __________________ of their special dishes. For an active and (7) __________________ winter-sports holiday, the perfect destination is Switzerland. Try any of the many ski-resorts in the Alps where you can ski all day long. Many ski-resorts have a (8) ___________________ for après-ski* (9) _________________­­__ , so don’t expect to be (10) _______________ at night. If, however, you would find a relaxing evening more (11) ____________________ , spend the evening in front of a roaring log fire. All ski resorts have shops providing (12) ________________ and luxury goods, so you will be able to buy everything you need. You are sure to return home fit and (13) ____________________.

east fascinate exhaust see tradition select adventure repute entertain bore suit equip fresh

* after-ski (After Virginia Evans, Jenny Dooley, Mission.)

b) Answer the questions.

Text 1

Cross-cultural Notes:

1. Maya [‘maIR] – a native American people of the Yucatan area in Central America, who had a very advanced society in the 4^th-10^th centuries AD. They are known for their art and their architecture, especially their pyramids.

2. Beijing [LbeI’dGIN] – the capital city of the People’s Republic of China. In English, it was formerly called Peking, and this name is still sometimes used.

3. the Tatra [‘tQ:trR] Mountains – part of the Carpathians.

4. bed-and-breakfast (B and B) – a private house or small hotel that provides a place to sleep for the night and breakfast the next morning for a fixed price.

Phonetic Notes

Guatemala [LgwQ:tR’mQ:lR] kimono [kI’mRunRu]

* * *

Tourism Across Cultures

Nobody much likes tourists. They have a reputation for being loud, rude and disruptive. They are blamed for everything from prostitution to environmental degradation. They want to have a good time, they are not well informed and want a short ‘wow’ factor. Yet tourism may in fact be the true salvation of humankind’s cultural heritage. Internationalization has, in practice, been a process of everyone’s coming to live and act the same; the Japanese gave up their kimonos because they were considered ‘unmodern’, while Beijing destroyed its old city for the same reason. But tourists are looking for something old and something different – and they’ll pay for it.

The effect can be seen across the globe, rescuing traditional cities and cultures from the brink of extinction. In Latin America interest in cultural and ecological tourism has been on the rise in recent years. Tourism to Guatemala, for example, with its Mayan heritage, rain forests and lakes surrounded by volcanoes, has doubled in the past decade to nearly 2 million foreign visitors a year. Their dollars have kept young indigenous women interested in learning the specialized craft of weaving. Indigenous artisanry forms an important part of the Guatemalan touristic product. If this were not the case, such crafts could die off and the younger generations would have to look for new trades that would allow them to survive.

Indeed, the souvenir trade can keep fading cultures alive. In the Tatra National Park in Poland, the highlander tradition of making smoked sheep cheese – dying out among the younger generation – has earned a new lease on life thanks to tourists’ desire for unforgettable souvenirs. Highlanders make the cheese in their huts, forming it by hand and smoking it over a fire. Visitors feel free to chat with the locals as they watch, have a taste of the cheese and a glass of fresh goat’s milk; most leave some money.

Tourists used to maintain their ties to the places they visited with photos and souvenirs. Now, as travellers grow both wealthier and more socially and environmentally aware, they are increasingly concerned that their good times have a good impact. They are doing everything from sponsoring local families to supporting conservation groups with cash. There is definitely a growing market of globally caring tourists.

Tourism is not just about preserving old cultures; it can also influence modern ones. Catering to tourist whims provides a quick education for entrepreneurs from the little boys pushing post cards, to the people who run small travel agencies, bed-and-breakfasts and coffee shops.

For developed countries, tourism can help maintain a healthy competitive edge. Consider Japan, which until recently did not feel the need to court foreign travellers, and in the process nearly fell off the tourist map. The country ranks only 30^th in the world as a tourist destination. Without overseas visitors’ clamoring for special services, hotels and inns rarely offer Internet access, ATM and mobile phone networks won’t link up with the rest of the world, and design and amenities at resorts lag behind world standards. Without tourists, modern culture fails to take the next step.

Of course, it is the tourists who benefit most from tourism. They go home having learned something about societies different from their own. And that, in the end, may do more good for the local cultures they visited than any amount of dollars. When tourists go to other countries, it increases the locals’ pride in their own culture. Tourism is the avenue on which we can exchange our cultures and learn from each other. Tourism brings peace. Not to mention some really unforgettable smoked sheep-cheese souvenirs.

(After Alex Kerr and Alexandra A. Seno, Newsweek, April 2006.)

ACTIVE VOCABULARY

1. to blame sb for sth – винить кого-либо за что-либо: e.g. They blamed the CEO for the failure of the talks. / to be to blame – быть виноватым: e.g. Who is to blame for the accident? / fault – вина: e.g. It’s not our fault that you failed to finish the project in time. / to find fault with sb – придираться к кому-либо: e.g. Mrs. Grandy is always finding fault with the way her daughter-in-law does things. / faulty – неисправный: e.g. The accident must have been caused by faulty brakes.

2. aware – осознающий, понимающий: e.g. I’m well aware that this is a risky investment. / to be aware of sth – 1. знать, осознавать что-либо; быть осведомленным о чем-либо: e.g. Are you aware of the dangers of the expedition? / awareness – осведомленность, понимание, осознание: e.g. Increased environmental awareness has led to a greater demand for recycled paper.

3. to conserve – сохранять, хранить; беречь: e.g. Conserve your energy – you’ll need it. / conservation – сохранение; охрана природы, окружающей среды; рациональное природопользование; охрана памятников старины (исторических зданий и т.п.): e.g. Conservation has become a very important subject in politics. / conservation area – заповедник (природный, архитектурный): e.g. There are thousands of conservation areas in Britain. / conservationist – активный борец за охрану природы (памятников старины, исторических зданий и т.п.): e.g. The plans to build a big road through the forest were cancelled due to pressure from conservationists.

4. to develop – 1. развивать; развиваться: e.g. The area is working to develop its tourist industry. The plot develops further in the second act. 2. разрабатывать: e.g. The companies recently teamed up to develop a new software product. 3. вести строительство, осваивать, разрабатывать: e.g. A company applied to develop land for housing. / development – 1. развитие: e.g. We encourage our staff in their development of new skills. 2. освоение, разработка: e.g. His work is mainly in software development. 3. район застройки: e.g. We live in a new housing development. / a developing country – развивающаяся страна / a developed country – развитая страна / an underdeveloped country – неразвитая страна

5. to fade (away) – 1. выцветать, линять, делать менее ярким: e.g. Will the colour in this material fade? The sun has faded the curtains. 2. постепенно исчезать: e.g. Hopes of a peace settlement in the region are fading away. 3. терять силу, вянуть (в т.ч. в перен.): e.g. Jane has been confined to bed for a month. She is fading away. Flowers soon fade when cut.

6. local – 1. местный: e.g. The local newspaper regards itself as the voice of the community. / local authorities – местные власти; 2. местный (затрагивающий часть тела): e.g. local anaesthetic; 3. местный житель: e.g. The locals are very friendly. / locally – поблизости, неподалеку (в данной местности): e.g. Her both children live locally. / locality – округа: e.g. She’s looking for a job in the locality. / to locate – 1. обнаруживать местоположение чего-либо: e.g. They soon located the source of the signals. 2. располагаться, находиться: e.g. The offices are conveniently located in the centre of town. / location – местоположение: e.g. It was difficult to find a suitable location for the summer camp.

EXPRESSIONS

until recently – до недавнего времени

not to mention – не говоря о …

to cater to – угождать, стараться угодить, доставить удовольствие

COMPREHENSION EXERCISES