Revision Exercises

(based on the Introductory Material)

Exercise 1. Make up several questions of different types (including indirect questions) based on the following sentences: 9, 11, 13.

Exercise 2. Make up several sentences on the analogy of sentences 8, 11, 13.

Exercise 3. Comment on the following sentences: 3, 5, ,10, 13.

Exercise 4. Develop the following sentences into short situations: 1, 9.

Exercise 5. Build dialogues round the following sentences: 7, 13, 15.

18. Elementary, elemental

Introductory material

Read and translate the following sentences paying special attention to the words in bold type.

1. A thousand engineers with no more than elementary pfvysks could learn to do a stress analysis on airplane wings. 2. «Are you trying to teach me my job?» asked Dickie, who was cross and confused. «Not your job,» Brett said. «Just the most elementary psychology.» 3. The upper storey has double openings on each side with pointed arches and in some cases some elementary tracery above. 4. Even the elementary words «cold» and «hot» have had overtones of horror added to them by the international situation. 5. Sherlock Holmes was irritated when his friend, Dr Watson, did not follow what Holmes called his elementary deductions. 6. Before the first war, according to an article by Taylor Starch, Baltimore had four elementary schools in which all teaching was carried out in German. 7. Thanks to this and other elementary precautions against fate, she and her husband would rise out of poverty to a better life. 8. The designer’s stageset and backcloth had an elemental grandeur which well fitted «Macbeth». 9. To join up would mean adventure, a new life, comradeship, elemental things, perhaps death. 10. There was something vaguely indecent in the sight, this food of the people, this elemental force, this basic energy, weltering here under the sun in all the unconscious nakedness of a sprawling, primordial Titan. 11. It was the original, intended and natural delicacy of-an elemental existence, close to nature, close to. life, close to the great, kindly earth. 12. Gradually he (Hundt) had anaesthetized her scruples and her inhibitions and awakened elemental forces in her.

EXPLANATORY NOTES

Elementary adj. In the beginning stage; not developed; simple; rudimentary; introductory, e.g. ~ arithmetic, ~ rules of conduct, an ~ conception of smth., an ~ treatise, an ~ writer.

Derivative: elementarily adv.

Elemental adj. 1. Pertaining to any or all of the «four elements»—-earth, air, fire and water (out of which, according to ancient philosophers, the material universe was thought to be composed); of the forces of nature, e.g. ~ strife. 2. Comparable to the great forces of nature; basic and powerful, e.g. ~ passions, ~ drive. 3. Primal, essential.

Derivative: elementally adv.

Elementary (элементарный, простой; простейший, начальный) pertains to rudiments or beginnings; elemental (стихийный, природный, неудержимый; основной; начальный) pertains to the elements, especially to the ultimate constituents or forces.