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III. Look through these words and expressions and provide their Ukrainian equivalents:

  • ancient object;

  • primitive stone tools;

  • scientific approach;

  • cave paintings;

  • to undertake excavation;

  • contemporary;

  • the scope of archaeology;

  • to invent;

  • primary aim;

  • research techniques;

  • buried remains;

  • to measure;

  • preservation;

  • expansion;

  • illegal sale;

  • country of origin

IV. Give synonyms to the underlined words in these expressions:

  • begin to debate;

  • prehistoric lake dwellings;

  • to explore the past civilizations;

  • the most significant techniques;

  • primary aim;

  • historic importance;

  • to urge;

  • to prohibit the import

V. Find English equivalents for the following:

траплятися

(відбуватися)

розширюватися (розростатися)

об’єкти мистецтва

більш точний

нещодавні відкриття

уможливлювати (давати змогу)

кістки

вимерлих тварин

принципи вірогідності

вказувати на

широкомасштабні розкопки

усвідомлювати

визначити місцезнаходження

досягнення

незначні відхилення

надзвичайно повільний процес

магнітне

поле Землі

біологічний вид

головна турбота

свідчення (доказ)

загрожувати

швидко накопичуватися

вимагати (2)

людський череп

визначити

та зберегти

уважно шукати

приймати

та забезпечувати дотримання законів

VI. Explain the expressions in other words.

    • first diggers;

    • huge mounds in America;

    • the great length of human prehistory became widely accepted;

    • sequences of cultural development;

    • diving devices;

    • archaeological sites;

    • on an international scale;

    • to seek to halt the illegal sale

VII. Look through the text and define the key historical terms of the text.

VIII. Say whether these statements correspond to the information of the text:

  • The idea of studying the past through ancient objects has developed rapidly.

  • The 1800's brought a more scientific approach to the study of the past using advances in geology and biology.

  • In the late 1700's, archaeologists began to use techniques of excavation that made it possible to determine sequences of cultural development.

  • European archaeologists of the late 1800's focused their studies on the ancient Asian and Eastern civilizations described by classical and Biblical authors.

  • By the early 1900's, archaeologists were using stratigraphy and seriation to date their finds.

  • Since the 1960's, the primary aim of archaeologists has been to origin general theories that explain the changes in human societies revealed by archaeological evidence.

  • Contemporary archaeologists have also developed many new research techniques.

  • On a local scale, archaeologists seek to halt the illegal sale of archaeological objects.