3. Many of popular software programs are designed for use both by both computer professionals and enthusiastic amateurs.

4. Hardware is at the heart of all computers.

5. Even without software computers are able to perform any calculations or operations.

6. Keyboard, laser printer, monitor, mouse, random access memory are parts of software.

7. Hardware also includes operating system, search engine, spreadsheet, word-processing.

8. As a result of the development of the area of IT new noun+noun combinations often change to single nouns.

Ex.14. Retell the text “Information Technologies” in 10-12 sentences.

Ex. 15. Read and translate text “Internet” without using a dictionary. Then answer the questions:

Internet

Amazing modem electronic devices have brought about changes in many aspects of people’s life. The Internet has changed the communication as well. From education to advertising this new technological advance has affected practically every aspect of our lives. Magazines, newspapers and even books are ‘on-line’ and can be read on the computer. You can find information on any topic - the possibilities are endless. The Internet can instantly connect you to other computers allowing you to chat with people all over the world.

The Internet has also created the new spheres of economic acting such as electronic stock exchange market and electronic commerce and shopping. More and more people are using the Internet to make their own financial activities. In terms of both time and effort consumption, this practice appears to be both economical. It can be also very profitable though in some cases the advice of an experienced financial planner is desirable.

It’s actually very easy to learn how to use the system and once you are on-line you are very reluctant to disable your computer. ^

1. What real changes have modern electronic devices brought in various aspects of people’s life?

2. Today magazines, newspapers and even books are ‘on-line’ and can be read on the computer, aren’t they?

3. What new spheres of economic acting has the Internet created?

4. What are the main advantages of using the Internet in economic sphere?

5. Do you often use Internet at your everyday activity and with what purpose?

6. Why are very many people really reluctant to disable their computers once they are on­line?

Ex. 16. Read this passage about the structure of the processor and fill in the gaps with the words below:

Structure of the processor.

The processor consists of 1 , which is a circuit board on which are mounted 2

chips, memory chips and other components linked together buy 3 lines or channels in the

form of control, address and data _4_ . In addition, a processor has 5 , which are

electronic circuits providing specialized functions such as graphics, or which connect a system

board to 6 . The system board also consists of electronic devices such as an electronic

7 for controlling the speed of operation; 8 which store numeric data during the course

of processing and various 9 , including sequence control register, address register and

function register.

1. adaptor boards; b) clock; c) system board; d) registers; e) conductors; f) accumulators; g) microprocessor; h) buses; i) input or output devices

Ёх.17. Read and translate the text. Then decide on a suitable title for it.

In 1952 a major computing company took a decision to get out of the business of making mainframe computers. They believed that there was only a market for four mainframes in the world. That company was IBM. The next year they reversed their decision. In 1980 the IBM decided that there was a market for 250,000 PCs, so they set a special team to develop the first IBM PC. It went on sale in 1981 and set a world-wide standard for IBM-compatibility which, over the next 10 years, was only seriously challenged by one other company, Apple Computers. Since then, over 70 million PCs made by IBM and other manufactures have been sold. Over this period computers have become commodity items. Since IBM made the design non-proprietary, anyone can make them.

The history of the multi-billion dollar PC industry has been one of the mistakes. Xerox Corporation funded the initial research on personal computers in their Paolo Alto Laboratory in California. However, the company failed to capitalize on this work and the ideas they had put together went into the operating system developed for Apple’s computers. This was a graphical interface: using a mouse, the user clicks on icons which represent the function to be performed.

The first IBM PC was developed using existing available electrical components. With IBM’s badge on the box it became the standard machine for large corporations to purchase. When IBM were looking for operating system, they went initially to Digital Research, who were the market’s leaders in command-based operating systems (these are the operating systems in which the users type on the commands to perform a function).When the collaboration between IBM and Digital Research failed, IBM turned to Bill Gates who was only 25 years old to write their operating system.

Bill Gates founded Microsoft on the basis of the development of MS/DOS, the initial operating system for the IBM PC. Digital Research have continued to develop their operating system, DR/DOS, and it is considered by many people to be a better product than Microsoft’s. But without an endorsement from IBM, it has become the minor player in the market. The company Novell, the leaders in PC networking, now own Digital Research, so things may change. ^

The original IBM PC had a minimum of 16K of memory, but this could be upgraded to 512K, if necessary, and ran with a processor speed of 4.77 MHz. Ten years later, in 1991, IBM were making PCs with 16Mb of memory, expendable to 64 Mb, running with a processor speed of 33 MHz,. The cost of buying the hardware has come down considerably as machines have become commodity items. Large companies are considering running major applications on PC, something which, not so many years ago, would have believed possible of a PC. In contrast, many computers in people’s homes are just used to play computer games.

The wide-spread availability of computers has in all probability changed the world for ever. The microchip technology which made the PC possible has put chips not only into computers, but also into washing-machines and cars. Some books may never be published in paper for, but may only be available as part of public databases. Networks of computers are already being used to make information available on a world-wide scale.

Ex. 18. Answer the following questions:

1. How many mainframes did IBM think it was possible to sell in 1952?

2. How many PCs have now been sold?

3. Who paid for the initial research into PC?

4. Which company later used the results of the research to develop their operating systems?

5. What are command-based operating systems?

6. What does the acronym DR/DOS stand for?

7. What for did IBM turn to Bill Gates?

8. On the basis of what did Bill Gates found Microsoft?

9. What memory did the original IBM PC have?

10. In 1986 IBM were making PCs with 16Mb of memory, weren’t it?

Ex. 19 Give some examples from the text of how the availability of computers has “in all probability changed the world for ever”.

Ex.20. The text states that “many computers in people’s homes are just used to play computer games”. Discuss in pairs the following questions:

1. In what other ways must computers be used at home or outside work?

2. What way do you use your PC or laptop?

Ex.21. Remember some important terms on the theme “Computer English ”

hard disk capacity - мощность жесткого диска processor speed - скорость процессора a sound card - звуковая карта

pull-down menu - вертикальное (спускающееся, ниспадающее) меню mouse mat (BrE) = mouse pad (AmE) - коврик для “мышки”

DVD (digital videodisk=digital versatile disk) - цифровой видеодиск, универсальный, многоцелевой видео-диск

clipboard - “карман”; буфер обмена; буфер информационного обмена laptop - ноутбук password - пароль

password authentication - идентификация пароля, проверка пароля to be compatible with - быть совместимым to store data - хранить, сохранять данные

to click - “кликать", щелкнуть (нажать и отпустить) клавишу “мышки” to click (on the window) - выбрать “мышкой” (окно) to make (a window) active - активировать окно to run applications - запустить приложение

to load a program into computer - сохранить программу на компьютере to crash (of a system) - сломаться, выйти из строя (о системе) • to insert cursor - поместить курсор (в) to drag (the icon) - перетащить (иконку)

to scroll up (down) - “листать” (перемещаться по экрану) вверх (вниз) scroll bar - зона прокрутки, линейка (полоса) прокрутки to log in - войти в систему, зарегистрироваться to be down (of a server) - не работать, выйти из строя (о сервере) to reboot - перезагрузить

to be contactable by/via e-mail - быть на связи (быть доступным) при помощи e-mail to be online - быть в сети

to browse the Net - “гулять”по Интернету, просматривать файлы в Интернете browser - а) система навигации и просмотра информации, браузер; б) окно просмотра to enter user’s name and password - ввести имя пользователя и пароль

Ех.22. Translate the following sentences into English using the appropriate words and word combinations:

1. Что сейчас делает Питер? - Он гуляет по сети.

2. Они так и не смогли запустить еще одно приложение.

3. “Почему Вы сохранили не все данные?” - “Нет, я сохранил, но процессор по странной причне вышел из строя.”

4. Сейчас, благодаря новым технологиям, в том числе и электронной почте, люди могут постоянно оставаться на связи.

5. Удивительно, но 20 лет назад скорость процессора не превышала 5 МГ.

6. Не путай, пожалуйста. Notebook - это не обозначение по-английски данного прибора.

7. Компьютер не работает. Видимо, надо его перезагрузить.

8. Что делает Мэри? - Она в сети уже около 3 часов!

9. Новые программы всегда должны быть сохранены на компьютере или ноутбуке.

10. Странно, но “мышка” не работает. - Попробуй заменить коврик для “мышки”.