7. Match the words with their definitions.

1. electricity

2. electromagnetism

3. electric field

4. magnetic field

5. voltage

6. quantum mechanics

7. quantum electrodynamics

8. conductor

9. insulator

a) the branch of mechanics, based on the quantum theory used for interpreting the behaviour of elementary particles and atoms, which do not obey Newtonian mechanics

b) a material that resists the flow of electric current

c) the movement of free electrons in a material toward an area of positive charges

d) a field of force surrounding a charged particle within which another charged particle experiences a force

e) a fundamental interaction between the magnetic field and the presence and motion of an electric charge

f) a field of force surrounding a permanent magnet or a moving charged particle, in which another permanent magnet or moving charge experiences a force

g) a measure of the propensity of charge to flow from one place to another

h) a relativistic quantum mechanical theory concerned with electromagnetic interactions

i) a material which contains movable electric charges

Use of English 2: grammar

The Participle

8. Translate the words in brackets using the appropriate form of the Participle. Use conjunctions (when, if, unless, as) if necessary.

1. We read the article (написанную) by our professor attentively.

2. The conference (проходящая сейчас) in our city is devoted to the problems of

renewable energy sources.

3. (Будучи) a good engineer he didn’t manage to perform the task in a short space of

time.

4. Most laboratories (оборудованных) with the latest apparatus are housed in the main

building.

5. He was tired (проработав) on his report for the whole day.

6. (Как видно) from the article these engines are produced in Germany.

7. (Если не испытана) the machine must not be put into operation.

8. (При нагревании) the polymer changed its properties completely.

9. (После того, как не была принята) by publishers several times, the article was

accepted by another journal.

10. The power plant (снабжающая) a large area with electricity was built 50 years ago.

Reading 3

9. Read the text and answer the questions. Make notes while reading and retell the text using questions as a plan:

1. When and where did James Clerk Maxwell live?

2. What was his most significant achievement?

3. Which Maxwell's work was called the "second great unification in physics"?

4. What other discoveries did he make?

5. Maxwell's contribution to the development of science was highly praised, wasn’t it?

James Clerk Maxwell (June 13, 1831 –November 5, 1879) was a Scottish theoretical physicist and mathematician. His most significant achievement was the development of the classical electromagnetic theory, synthesizing all previous unrelated observations, experiments and equations of electricity, magnetism and even optics into a consistent theory. His set of equations—Maxwell's equations—demonstrated that electricity, magnetism and even light are all manifestations of the same phenomenon: the electromagnetic field. From that moment on, all other classical laws or equations of these disciplines became simplified cases of Maxwell's equations. Maxwell's work in electromagnetism was called the "second great unification in physics", after the first one carried out by Isaac Newton.

Maxwell demonstrated that electric and magnetic fields travel through space in the form of waves, and at the constant speed of light. Finally, in 1864 Maxwell wrote "A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field", where he first proposed that light was in fact undulations in the same medium that is the cause of electric and magnetic phenomena.

Maxwell also developed the Maxwell distribution, a statistical means to describe aspects of the kinetic theory of gases. These two discoveries helped usher in the era of modern physics, laying the foundation for future work in such fields as special relativity and quantum mechanics.

Maxwell is also known for creating the first true colour photograph in 1861.

Maxwell is considered by many physicists to be the nineteenth century scientist with the greatest influence on twentieth century physics. His contributions to the science are considered by many to be of the same magnitude as those of Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein. On the centennial of Maxwell's birthday, Einstein himself described Maxwell's work as the "most profound and the most fruitful that physics has experienced since the time of Newton." Einstein kept a photograph of Maxwell on his study wall, alongside pictures of Michael Faraday and Newton.

Listening

10. Visit You Tube website. Go to http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wOcETR3iiSg&feature=bf_prev&list=SP74F3DB17AF185A6C and watch the video “What Are the Uses for Electromagnets?” Then choose the correct answers.

1. Mr. Jones considers electromagnetism to be

a) a modern technology

b) an old technology

c) a developing technology.

2. Electromagnetic devices are being replaced by

a) relays

b) starter motors and microphones

c) solid state devices

3. Loudspeakers and microphones

a) use electromagnetic technology

b) are becoming smaller and smaller

c) are not produced anymore

4. The best way to sort aluminum from steel at a metal sorting plant is to use

a) a permanent magnet

b) a big electromagnet

c) an electric motor

5. The future of electromagnetic technology is

a) in electric cars

b) in relays (e.g. trip switches)

c) in solid state devices

Translation