- •1.1 TODO LIST
- •2. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS
- •2.1 INTRODUCTION
- •2.1.1 Ladder Logic
- •2.1.2 Programming
- •2.1.3 PLC Connections
- •2.1.4 Ladder Logic Inputs
- •2.1.5 Ladder Logic Outputs
- •2.2 A CASE STUDY
- •2.3 SUMMARY
- •2.4 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •2.5 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •2.6 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •3. PLC HARDWARE
- •3.1 INTRODUCTION
- •3.2 INPUTS AND OUTPUTS
- •3.2.1 Inputs
- •3.2.2 Output Modules
- •3.3 RELAYS
- •3.4 A CASE STUDY
- •3.5 ELECTRICAL WIRING DIAGRAMS
- •3.5.1 JIC Wiring Symbols
- •3.6 SUMMARY
- •3.7 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •3.8 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •3.9 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •4. LOGICAL SENSORS
- •4.1 INTRODUCTION
- •4.2 SENSOR WIRING
- •4.2.1 Switches
- •4.2.2 Transistor Transistor Logic (TTL)
- •4.2.3 Sinking/Sourcing
- •4.2.4 Solid State Relays
- •4.3 PRESENCE DETECTION
- •4.3.1 Contact Switches
- •4.3.2 Reed Switches
- •4.3.3 Optical (Photoelectric) Sensors
- •4.3.4 Capacitive Sensors
- •4.3.5 Inductive Sensors
- •4.3.6 Ultrasonic
- •4.3.7 Hall Effect
- •4.3.8 Fluid Flow
- •4.4 SUMMARY
- •4.5 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •4.6 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •4.7 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •5. LOGICAL ACTUATORS
- •5.1 INTRODUCTION
- •5.2 SOLENOIDS
- •5.3 VALVES
- •5.4 CYLINDERS
- •5.5 HYDRAULICS
- •5.6 PNEUMATICS
- •5.7 MOTORS
- •5.8 COMPUTERS
- •5.9 OTHERS
- •5.10 SUMMARY
- •5.11 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •5.12 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •5.13 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •6. BOOLEAN LOGIC DESIGN
- •6.1 INTRODUCTION
- •6.2 BOOLEAN ALGEBRA
- •6.3 LOGIC DESIGN
- •6.3.1 Boolean Algebra Techniques
- •6.4 COMMON LOGIC FORMS
- •6.4.1 Complex Gate Forms
- •6.4.2 Multiplexers
- •6.5 SIMPLE DESIGN CASES
- •6.5.1 Basic Logic Functions
- •6.5.2 Car Safety System
- •6.5.3 Motor Forward/Reverse
- •6.5.4 A Burglar Alarm
- •6.6 SUMMARY
- •6.7 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •6.8 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •6.9 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •7. KARNAUGH MAPS
- •7.1 INTRODUCTION
- •7.2 SUMMARY
- •7.3 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •7.4 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •7.5 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •8. PLC OPERATION
- •8.1 INTRODUCTION
- •8.2 OPERATION SEQUENCE
- •8.2.1 The Input and Output Scans
- •8.2.2 The Logic Scan
- •8.3 PLC STATUS
- •8.4 MEMORY TYPES
- •8.5 SOFTWARE BASED PLCS
- •8.6 SUMMARY
- •8.7 PRACTICE PROBLEMS
- •8.8 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
- •8.9 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS
- •9. LATCHES, TIMERS, COUNTERS AND MORE
- •9.1 INTRODUCTION
- •9.2 LATCHES
- •9.3 TIMERS
- •9.4 COUNTERS
- •9.5 MASTER CONTROL RELAYS (MCRs)
- •9.6 INTERNAL RELAYS
- •9.7 DESIGN CASES
- •9.7.1 Basic Counters And Timers
plc karnaugh - 7.11
13. Consider the following boolean equation.
X= ( A + BA) A + ( CD + CD + CD)
a)Can this Boolean equation be converted directly ladder logic. Explain your answer, and if necessary, make any changes required so that it may be converted to ladder logic.
b)Write out ladder logic, based on the result in step a).
c)Simplify the equation using Boolean algebra and write out new ladder logic.
d)Write a Karnaugh map for the Boolean equation, and show how it can be used to obtain a simplified Boolean equation.
7.4PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
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plc karnaugh - 7.12
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-For all, B is true
B( AD + AD)
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plc karnaugh - 7.13
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plc karnaugh - 7.14
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X = ABC + D( ABC + ABC + EC)
A B C
D A B
A B
E C
X
C
C
plc karnaugh - 7.15
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plc karnaugh - 7.16
10.
A |
B |
C |
D |
X |
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0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
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CD |
CD |
CD |
CD |
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AB |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
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0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
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AB |
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0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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AB |
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1 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
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AB |
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11.
A |
B |
C |
out |
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C + A B |
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0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
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0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
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AB |
AB |
A B |
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AB |
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0 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
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1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
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C |
1 |
1 |
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1 |
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1 |
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1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
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1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
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1 |
0 |
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0 |
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0 |
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C |
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1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
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