Unit 7. Automatic Life Safety Fire Suppression Systems
Useful vocabulary
an inventor – изобретатель
a pipe – труба/трубка
a valve – клапан
a fire suppression system – система тушения пожара/подавления огня
a cost-effective solution – экономичное решение
an outbreak of fire – начало/вспышка пожара
an orifice – насадка/наконечник/жерло
a fusible element – плавкий элемент
to melt – плавиться
frangible – ломкий/хрупкий
a goal – цель/задача
a pattern – модель/образец/схема распределения
to deluge – заливать/затоплять
to correspond to – соответствовать
an occupancy – арендуемое помещение
Task
I. Read the text
In 1812, British inventor Sir William Congreve patented a manual sprinkler system using perforated pipes along the ceiling. When someone noticed a fire, a valve outside the building could be used to send water through the pipes.
2. An automatic life safety fire suppression system may be an automatic sprinkler system or an equivalent system. Sprinklers can be designed to protect life and property and are a cost-effective solution for reducing the risks created by fire. Automatic life safety fire sprinkler systems operate automatically on detection of an outbreak of fire within the building to inhibit the spread of fire. Water is discharged from the individual sprinkler head which has detected heat from the fire, other sprinkler heads remain closed.
3. Fire sprinklers can be automatic or open orifice. Automatic fire sprinklers operate at a predetermined temperature, utilizing a fusible element, a portion of which melts, or a frangible glass bulb containing liquid which breaks, allowing the plug in the orifice to be pushed out of the orifice by the water pressure in the fire sprinkler piping, resulting in water flow from the orifice. The water stream impacts a deflector, which produces a specific spray pattern designed in support of the goals of the sprinkler type (i.e., control or suppression).
4. Modern sprinkler heads are designed to direct spray downwards. Spray nozzles are available to provide spray in various directions and patterns. Open orifice sprinklers are only used in water spray systems or deluge sprinklers systems. They are identical to the automatic sprinkler on which they are based, with the heat sensitive operating element removed.
5. Automatic fire sprinklers utilizing frangible bulbs follow a standardized color coding convention indicating their operating temperature. Activation temperatures correspond to the type of hazard against which the sprinkler system protects. Residential occupancies are provided with a special type of fast response sprinkler with the unique goal of life safety.
Task II. Say if the statements are
A manual sprinkler system was invented in the 18th century
a. true b. false c. no such information in the text
2. Modern sprinkler heads are designed for spraying downwards
a. true b. false c. no such information in the text
3. Automatic fire sprinklers must be installed in all public places
a. true b. false c. no such information in the text
Task III. Which passage contains the information on the principle of automatic fire sprinklers operation?
a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5
Task IV. Answer the following questions
Who invented the first sprinkler system?
What was the principle of its operation?
What is the main goal of designing a sprinkler system?
How does a modern sprinkler system operate?
What are spray nozzles used for?
What do different colors indicate?
Task V. Complete the sentences using information from the text
An automatic fire … system may be an automatic … system.
Such systems are a … solution … the risks created by fire.
Water … from the individual sprinkler … .
The water stream impacts a deflector, which … a specific spray… .
Activation temperatures … the type of … .
… occupancies are provided with a special type of … … sprinkler.
Task VI. Give the equivalents for the following words and phrases
a fire suppression system, property, an outbreak of fire, to utilize a fusible element, heat sensitive, a frangible bulb, to deluge, occupancy, а hazard;
клапан, здание, защищать жизнь, создавать риск, распространение огня, рабочая температура, обозначать, быстрое реагирование.
Task VII. Grammar focus. Revision
a. Pay attention to the translation of the following constructions
- life safety fire suppression system, individual sprinkler head, a frangible glass bulb, a specific spray pattern, heat sensitive operating element, activation temperature, standardized color coding convention, fast response sprinkler, life safety.
b. Define the tense and the voice of the predicate
- patented a system, heads are designed, the element melts, sprinklers are used, fire sprinklers can be, the head has detected, property will be protected.
c. Name the part of the speech and the functions of the underlined words in the text
Task IX. Translate the following sentences into English
Автоматические системы пожаротушения используются для обеспечения безопасности людей и защиты имущества.
Датчик чувствительный к изменениям температуры был установлен в холле.
Система, изобретенная нашим институтом, будет запатентована.
Работая в разных режимах, разбрызгивая воду в разных направлениях, система может гарантировать быстрое реагирование в чрезвычайной ситуации.
Мы должны остановить распространение огня.
Обнаружив неисправность системы, вам следует обратиться в сервисную службу.
Ликвидация опасности – работа настоящих мужчин.
Task X. Make a short retelling of this text