Vocabulary

EATING OUT

• Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage.

recipe	fast food	eat out	dish	bill	cookery books
menu	take-away	waiter	snack	tip	ingredients

I’m a terrible cook. I’ve tried hard but it’s no use. I’ve got lots of (a) __________, I choose a (b) ____________ I want to cook, I read the (c) ___________, I prepare all the necessary (d) ____________ and follow the instructions. But the result is terrible, and I just have a sandwich or some other quick (e) ___________. So I often (f) ___________. I don’t like grand restaurants. It’s not the expense, it’s just that I don’t feel at ease in them. First the (g) __________ gives me a (h) ____________ which I can’t understand because it’s complicated and has a lot of foreign words. At the end of the meal when I pay the (i) ____________ I never know how much to leave as a (j) ____________. I prefer (k) ____________ places, like hamburger shops where you pay at once and sit down and eat straightaway. And I like (l) ___________ places, where you buy a meal in a special container and take it home.

ENTERTAINING AT HOME

• Put each of the following words or phrases in its correct place in the passage.

vegetarian	crockery	side dish	diet
main course	napkin	sink	starter
washing up	dessert	cutlery	entertaining

Maureen often gives dinner parties at home. She loves (a) ___________. She lays the table: puts the (b) ___________ in the right places, sets out the plates and puts a clean white (c) _________ at each place. For the meal itself, she usually gives her guests some kind of (d) __________ first, for example soup or melon. Next comes the (e) __________, which is usually meat (unless some of her guests are (f) __________ or if they’re on a special (g) ___________) with a (h) ________ of salad. For (i) ___________ it’s usually fruit or ice-cream, and then coffee. When everyone has gone home, she must think about doing the (j) __________, as in the kitchen the (k) __________ is full of dirty (l) __________.

• Explain the difference between:

1. a buffet and a banquet

2. overcooked, undercooked and raw

3. a chef and a caterer

4. a café and a canteen

A TALE OF TWO DIETS

It is 1pm outside Coatbridge High School. Two vans are parked by the gates, a group of children at each window clamouring for burgers, sweets and crisps. For many, this is the menu for lunch every day. They don’t like school food: ‘It stinks.’ They don’t like this food much either, but it’s cheaper and it isn’t school.

Ian Danvers, 14, has finished his meal: a sausage in a white roll and a Coke. Ian Hutton, 15, has eaten a bit more: a roll, a potato scone, a Coke, a Mars Bar icecream and a Toffee Crisp. Both boys’ parents know their sons eat from the van and don’t mind.

John Forsyth, the head teacher, points out that pupils are taught about diet in their lessons on home economics. ‘But we have to break down the habit of years and years in western Scotland of chips, chips, chips,’ he says. ‘It’s their money and their decision. There is wholesome food in the canteen, but if we stopped serving chips, a lot of youngsters would simply go to the chip shop across the road.’

Coatbridge is a predominantly working-class town nine miles outside Glasgow in Monklands, an area where about 75 per cent of the population lives in council accommodation, the highest level in Britain. It also has the highest death rate from heart disease in Europe.

Outside Coatbridge’s Asda supermarket on a busy weekday, nearly every trolley contains cereal, white bread, sugar, Coke, biscuits, sausages, eggs, crisps and cakes. Janet Rayner has just spend about £30 on these for her family of four. Her son, William, 15, comes home for lunch. ‘He has four rolls, two cream rings, a Kit Kat and a big glass of Diet Coke,’ she says. A typical evening meal is steak pie with potatoes and peas, apple tart and icecream. She sometimes cooks a fry-up for lunch.

Kim McKay, a part-time clerk, spends about £55 a week on herself, her husband and their small daughter. About £6 of that goes on fruit and vegetables. She has also bought lasagne, and spare ribs from the freezer shop. Another shopper says she spends £4.50 a week on fruit and vegetables for a family of four.

Finding a fresh brown sandwich in Coatbridge is difficult. The bakery windows sparkle with cakes covered in bright icing sugar. In one, the café serves chips, sausage rolls and beefburgers. In another, the assistant says they sell more than twice as much white bread as brown. The butcher makes six different kinds of pies and sells about 50 of each a day. ‘We Scots are guilty of eating a lot of fat,’ the manager remarks. ‘I love it.’

Peter Orchard, acting fresh-food manager at Asda, has recently moved from Edinburgh. In Coatbridge, he says, Asda has a lot more customers but takes less money. ‘People in Scotland are getting on to the healthy-eating train, but not in areas like this. Here they’re sticking to traditional ways.’

Were Coatbridge residents to shop at Waitrose in London’s King Road, they might feel they were in a foreign land. Locating the cream cakes is tricky, and when you do they turn out to be ‘mandarin, kiwi and almond slices.’ Shoppers push trolleys loaded with skimmed milk, wholemeal bread, mineral water and fresh soups such as ‘green pea with yoghurt and mint’. There are ready-made salads like ‘endive and radicchio’ and ‘broccoli and peanut’. The selection of pies is negligible.

Pamela Dale, a school secretary, spends about £100 a week on food for four adults. She says she never fries food. They would eat grilled steak or fish with a green vegetable and potatoes, perhaps a home-made trifle, more likely some fresh fruit. Penny Girling, a librarian, says she spends about £80 a week for two adults and two children, about a third of it on fruit and vegetables.

Back in Scotland, Monklands District Council is alarmed and has decided to act. It is planning a healthy strategy to re-educate its residents. A council spokesman says: ‘If you talk to people here about diet, they’ll assume you mean slimming. This is an old-fashioned society, but the time has come to change people’s approach. If you can afford to buy cream buns and Coke, you can afford to buy fresh fruit and veg.’

• Look at the following questions and choose the best answers, A, B, C or D.

1. What kind of food is most popular with the schoolchildren?

   1. The food served in the canteen.

   2. The food they can buy in the chip shop.

   3. The food they bring from home each day.

   4. The food sold from a van outside school.

2. Schoolchildren in Coatbridge like to eat

1. fruit.

2. fish fingers.

3. rolls.

4. fried potatoes.

3. What particular problem makes Coatbridge worth studying?

1. what people die of

2. unemployment

3. crime

4. the kind of housing people live in

4. Which kind of food is not considered as being very important by shoppers in Coatbridge?

1. white bread

2. fruit

3. chips

4. cakes

5. How does the King’s Road supermarket differ from the one in Coatbridge?

1. People buy more cream cakes.

2. The pies have different fillings.

3. The emphasis is on fresh food.

4. Frozen food is very popular.

• Explain the meaning of the following words and word combinations:

chips, wholesome food, crisps, a roll, a fry-up, lasagne, skimmed milk, wholemeal bread, fresh food

• Answer the questions on the text.

1. What does the usual midday meal for the schoolchildren consist of?

2. What do lessons on home economics deal with?

3. What problem does the head teacher raise?

4. What kind of town is Coatbridge?

5. What kind of problem makes Coatbridge worth studying?

6. What does an ordinary shopper buy in the supermarket?

7. Which kind of food is notconsidered as being important by shoppers in Coatbridge?

8. What is a typical evening meal in Coatbridge?

9. What is so special about eating habits in this area? How do they differ from other areas?

10. What are the plans of Monklands District Council?

• Find English equivalents to the following words and word-combinations.

1. шумно требовать

2. сладости

3. хрустящий картофель

4. возражать

5. разрушить, сломать привычку

6. здоровая пища

7. высокий уровень смертности

8. жареное на скорую руку

9. придерживаться традиций, привычных способов

10. жители

11. сложно, затруднительно

12. снятое, обезжиренное молоко

13. хлеб из непросеянной муки

14. выбор мал

15. быть обеспокоенным

16. предполагать

17. изменить подход, отношение

18. позволить себе купить что-либо

• Summarize the text.

• Retell the text.

Many people in the Western world are very conscious about what they eat. Are you careful about what you eat?

Are you the weight you want to be?

If you feel you are overweight, what do you do to lose weight?

EATING THE HEALTHY WAY

If you feel fat, your body is trying to tell you something: lose weight.

I want to assure you that you can get to your ideal weight and stay at your ideal weight – and be and feel healthy – and enjoy food. In fact, you can enjoy as much food as you’re eating now: you just need to swap some less-fattening food for some of the fattening food you’re eating. Perhaps you’re a diet expert, you’ve tried every one going and your weight has gone up and down like a yo-yo. Or maybe you’ve never been on a diet before, know your need to lose some weight but are confused by the conflicting advice when you flick through diet books and magazines. Or perhaps you’re interested in your family’s health and their weight and you want to understand about healthy food as well as slimming food.

Whoever you are, if you let it, this book could change your life. A big claim? A tall story? How do you know I’m not a quack? Well, I am a doctor, but being medically qualified doesn’t absolve one from being wrong. There are diet books on sale which are written by doctors and are mistaken; in fact they are sometimes shocking in the outdated and incorrect advice they offer.

But the main views expressed in this book are not only my own: they are also held by the overwhelming majority of medical and nutritional experts around the world. There is now a medical consensus on the sort of diet we should follow to lose weight – which is also the most healthy diet we can eat.

No one can claim we know all there is to know about nutrition, obesity and healthy eating as there are still gaps in our knowledge. But what we can now confidently assert is that the healthiest diet - the one which most reduces the risk of a wide range of diseases – is also the safest and most effective one to return you to your ideal weight and keep you there. This is good news after all, everyone wants to be slim and healthy, not thin and ill. This book gives you the knowledge you need to take control of your own body and your own life. Don’t be fatalistic about being fat: it may be harder for you than for others, but if you want to be slim, and commit yourself to it, then you will succeed.

You need to understand why you are fat. Being overweight can be explained in one sentence. If you take in more energy (calories) in your food than your body needs for your particular lifestyle, then your body will lay down that surplus energy as fat. The only way to lose weight is to take in less energy or to use more. Please, please don’t let anyone tell you any different. So many people want to believe in a magic ‘something’ which will help them lose weight but it doesn’t exist. If you want to believe in something, why not believe in fact rather than fiction?

If you cut down the amount of fat you eat, you will take in fewer calories.

If you cut down the amount of sugar you eat, you will take in fewer calories.

If you increase the amount of fibre you eat, you will be able to cut down fat and sugar without feeling hungry.

If you increase your amount of physical activity, you will burn up more calories.

If you follow these principles, you will lose weight.

This book explains why those facts arte true and how to put those principles into practice in your own life. After you’ve read it, you’ll understand why we get fat and how to get slim. You won’t have to carry a diet plan or calorie chart around for ever. You will be in charge of your own body, your own health, your own life.

If you feel fat, your body is trying to tell you something: lose weight. Here’s how …

• Choose the best answer according to the text.

1. swap

1. exchange

2. eat

3. cook

2. conflicting

1. difficult to understand

2. of different kinds

3. disagreeing

3. flick

1. look through quickly

2. study

3. consult

4. surplus

1. extra

2. sufficient

3. little

• Find English equivalents to the following words and word-combinations.

1. уверять, убеждать

2. достичь / сохранить идеальный вес

3. менять что-то на что-то

4. сбиваться с толку противоречивыми рекомендациями

5. разобраться в чем-либо

6. серьезное заявление

7. шарлатан

8. прощать что-либо кому-либо, оправдывать

9. устаревшие и недейственные рекомендации

10. подавляющее большинство

11. медики и диетологи

12. единодушие по какому-либо вопросу

13. тучность, ожирение

14. остаток, излишек энергии

15. потреблять, получать регулярно

16. сжигать калории

17. осуществлять на деле

18. отвечать за

• Answer the questions.

1. Who does the writer think should read this book?

2. How can people lose weight while eating as much food as they are eating now?

3. Why does this doctor claim the authority to write this book?

4. What kind of diet is the most healthy, according to the book?

5. How can being overweight be explained?

6. What’s the author’s view of ‘magic’ diets?

7. What two ways are indicated of cutting down on calories?

8. Why is fibre useful in a diet?

9. What are the three ways to eat in a healthy way?

10. What are the three ways to lose weight?

• Summarize the text.

• Retell the text.

• Write a composition on the theme “Eating the Healthy Way” (about 100 words)

Points to cover:

Foods you consider to be healthy, reasons for that

Reasons for dieting

Ways to do it (reading books, taking smb’s advice, courses of treatment, etc.)

Ways to be healthy and keep fit