- •Учебное пособие по английскому языку для факультета Международной журналистики
- •Содержание
- •Предисловие
- •Методическая записка
- •Indefinite Article
- •Verbs with two objects
- •Verbs with prepositions
- •Verbs followed by either -ing or infinitive with to
- •I remembered that I had to pay the phone bill.
- •Verbs with an object, followed by either -ing or infinitive with to
- •Verbs normally followed by infinitive with to
- •Verbs followed by an object and to
- •Verbs followed by infinitive without to
- •Verbs normally followed by –ing
- •Литература
- •1. Письменная часть
- •I Translate the following sentences, using active vocabulary
- •Устная часть
- •1. Retell the text on the topic “Ecology”.
- •Volume: 2000 symbols
- •2. Tell about your main ecological concerns. Can you call yourself an environmentally-conscious person?
- •1. Письменная часть
- •Imagine
- •If a line is correct, put a tick (). If a line has a word which should not be there, write the word in the space.
- •I Translate the sentences, using active vocabulary.
- •Устная часть
- •1. Retell the text on the topic “Art”.
- •Volume: 2500 symbols
- •2. Tell about your views on contemporary arts. Why do you think it is becoming increasingly popular all over the world?
I Translate the following sentences, using active vocabulary
1. С середины прошлого века многие виды животных находятся под угрозой вымирания из-за изменений климата и глобального потепления.
2. Обычно вопросы защиты окружающей среды не занимают таких высоких мест в списке проблем, как, например, уровень преступности.
3. Приоритетная задача правительства в области спорта - создать равные условия для спортсменов-любителей и профессионалов по всей стране.
4. Все знают, что спорт развивает координацию, выносливость, гибкость и ловкость.
5. Многие люди не одобряют трансплантологию, поскольку это очень противоречивая вещь.
6. Именно врачи больше всего подвергаются опасности заболеть, поэтому они часто заражаются инфекциями.
7. Никогда еще я не читал такого занудного исторического романа!
8. Баржи могут перевозить много коммерческих грузов.
9. B подразделениях дорожной полиции все твердо убеждены, что наилучший выбор решения проблемы дорожной безопасности – это введение ограничений.
10. Душа компании - это человек, который обладает харизмой и всегда в центре внимания.
_____ out of 20
Total: 100 points
Устная часть
1. Retell the text on the topic “Ecology”.
Time for Preparation: 20 min
Volume: 2000 symbols
Climate Will Change What Reefs Look Like in the Future
The impact of a warming climate on reefs is not a future event — complex changes have already begun that could fundamentally change what reefs look like in the future.
Over the past century global temperatures have warmed by 0.7C and those of the surface tropical oceans by 0.5C. This raising of baseline temperatures has already resulted in widespread coral bleaching events and outbreaks of coral diseases. Current projections indicate that the tropical oceans could be 1-3C warmer by the end of this century.
Even with the modest amount of warming to date —compared to future projections—coral growth rates are responding to these observed temperature changes. Several reefs, including the Great Barrier Reef, have witnessed slower massive coral growth in recent decades, while cooler reef sites off Western Australia have, initially, responded by increasing their growth rates. The latter is unlikely to be sustainable, given the setbacks in growth following coral bleaching and, as temperatures continue to warm, optimum temperatures for coral growth are exceeded, she said.
Ultimately the global community must act to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. But new science is also showing that, given that the impact on corals will be more variable than first realized, our management approaches must become more sophisticated, with particular focus on reducing local threats such as overexploitation and pollution. Managing reefs for local stress will ensure maximum health as they continue to confront a changing global climate.
Changes to coral reef habitat caused by climate change will also potentially lead to changed fish populations. The direct impacts, which are already occurring, are reduced coral cover and less habitat structure for fish.
These changes will ultimately have severe impacts on the millions of people worldwide who depend on reefs for food, income and storm protection. Reefs also contribute to national economies through such sectors as tourism and commercial fisheries.
Source: http://www.ecology.com/2012/07/12/climate-has-already-changed-reefs/