11.33 Проверьте свое знание времен глагола (Активный и Страдательный Залоги). Test your knowledge on grammar – English tenses (active and passive voice).

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Hadrian's Wall

1. In the year 122 AD, the Roman Emperor Hadrian (visit) ______________ his provinces in Britain.

2. On his visit, the Roman soldiers (tell) _____________________him that Pictish tribes from Britain's north (attack) _____________________them.

3. So Hadrian (give) _____________________the order to build a protective wall across one of the narrowest parts of the country.

4. After 6 years of hard work, the Wall (finish) _________________________in 128.

5. It (be) _________________117 kilometres long and about 4 metres high.

6. The Wall (guard) __________________by 15,000 Roman soldiers.

7. Every 8 kilometres there (be) ____________________a large fort in which up to 1,000 soldiers (find) _______________________shelter.

8. The soldiers (watch) ____________________over the frontier to the north and (check) ________________________the people who (want) ___________________to enter or leave Roman Britain.

9. In order to pass through the Wall, people (must go) __________________to one of the small forts that (serve) _____________________________as gateways.

10. Those forts (call) _____________________milecastles because the distance from one fort to another (be) ________________one Roman mile (about 1,500 metres).

11. Between the milecastles there (be) __________________two turrets from which the soldiers (guard) _______________________the Wall.

12. If the Wall (attack) _______________________by enemies, the soldiers at the turrets (run) ___________________to the nearest milecastle for help or (light) __________________a fire that (can / see) _____________________by the soldiers in the milecastle.

13. In 383 Hadrian's Wall (abandon)___________________________.

14. Today Hadrian's Wall (be) _____________________________the most popular tourist attraction in northern England.

15. In 1987, it (become) _____________________a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

11.34

Заполните пропуски (Страдательный и Активный залог). Используйте Настоящее или Прошедшее Простое время. Complete the sentences (Active or Passive Voice). You must use either Present Simple or Past Simple.

1. The Statue of Liberty (give) ___________________to the United States by France.

2. It (be) _______________________a present on the 100th anniversary of the United States.

3. The Statue of Liberty (design) ________________by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi.

4. It (complete) _________________________in France in July 1884.

5. In 350 pieces, the statue then (ship) _____________________to New York, where it (arrive) _____________________________on 17 June 1885.

6. The pieces (put) _________________________together and the opening ceremony (take) ___________________________place on 28 October 1886.

7. The Statue of Liberty (be) ______________________46 m high (93 m including the base).

8. The statue (represent) __________________________the goddess of liberty.

9. She (hold) ____________________________a torch in her right hand and a tablet in her left hand.

10. On the table you (see / can) ________________________the date of the Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776).

11. Every year, the Statue of Liberty (visit) ________________________by many people from all over the world.

11.35

Измените следующие предложения, используя Страдательный залог.  Change the sentences below to the Passive voice.

1. Children cannot open these bottles easily. __________________________________________________________

2. The government built a road right outside her front door. __________________________________________________________

3. Mr. Ross broke the antique vase as he walked through the store. __________________________________________________________

4. When she arrived, the changes amazed her. ___________________________________________________________

5. The construction workers are making street repairs all month long. ___________________________________________________________

6. The party will celebrate his retirement. ___________________________________________________________

7. His professors were discussing his oral exam right in front of him. ___________________________________________________________

8. My son ate all the homemade cookies. ___________________________________________________________

9. Corrosion had damaged the hull of the ship. ___________________________________________________________

10. Some children were visiting the old castle while other tourists were there. ___________________________________________________________

11.36

Измените следующие предложения, используя Активный залог.  Change the sentences below to the Active voice.

1. The statue is being visited by hundreds of tourists every year.

2. My books were stolen by someone yesterday.

3. These books had been left in the classroom by a careless student.

4. Coffee is raised in many parts of Hawaii by plantation workers.

5. The house had been broken into by someone while the owners were on vacation.

6. A woman was being carried downstairs by a very strong firefighter.

7. The streets around the fire had been blocked off by the police.

8. Have you seen the new movie that was directed by Ron Howard?

9. My car is in the garage being fixed by a dubious mechanic.

10. A great deal of our oil will have been exported to other countries by our government.

 11.37

Измените следующие предложения, используя Активный залог. Change the following from passive to active voice.

1. The poem was read aloud by Margaret.

__________________________________________________________________

2. The Yankees were beaten by the Tigers in the playoffs.

__________________________________________________________________

3. Her personal computer was given to Edith by her parents.

__________________________________________________________________

4. The turnoff for Route 287 was finally reached by Carla.

__________________________________________________________________

5. Many letters have been sent by me to your office.

__________________________________________________________________

6. Kim was invited to a party by Raymond.

__________________________________________________________________

7. The truth was suddenly realized by the contestants.

__________________________________________________________________

8. The computers were shipped by the Tucson branch on Monday.

__________________________________________________________________

9. Projects were judged by the teachers.

__________________________________________________________________

10. A brilliant performance was given by the choir.

_________________________________________________________________

11. Adam and Anne were married by the priest.

__________________________________________________________________

12. The test was taken by Amanda last week.

__________________________________________________________________

13. The truck was broken by little Tommy while he played.

__________________________________________________________________

14. The National Enquirer was sued by a famous actor for publishing a scandalous photo.

__________________________________________________________________

15. The movie was seen by the class before the exam.

__________________________________________________________________

11.38

Заполните пропуски (Страдательный и Активный залог). Complete the sentences (Active or Passive Voice).

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English ________________(speak) by many people of the world. They _______________(speak) English to each other to communicate easily.

When the earthquake ______________________(occur) in the metropolis, many buildings____________________(destroy).

The telephone _________________________(invent) by Alexander Graham Bell.

America _________________________(discover) by Columbus, but he _____________________(think) that the continent was India.

Ferarris _______________________ (manufacture) in Italy.

That movie has terrible violence in it, so it must not ______________________(show) to people under 18 years of age.

Today's newspaper has a shocking headline, so it may ____________________________ (sell) very well.

The bride ________________________ (kiss) by the groom, and she ______________________ (smile) happily.

I ________________________(drive) over the speed limit last night. The accident _________________________ (happen) because of my speeding.

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11.39

Устная практика. Работа в парах.

Oral practice. Work in pairs.

Passive Voice Conversation Activity INSTRUCTIONS

1. Write this model dialog on the board:

The Lazy Worker

 BOSS: __________,  ________________             (worker's name)               (sentence)

WORKER: I'm sorry, but_____|

hasn't  haven't

|been____

yet.

 BOSS: ________?! (What? Are you kidding me?! No way! Oh no!)

 WORKER: Sorry! I'll ________ right away.

2. Explain that passive voice is sometimes used to avoid responsibility. For example to a supervisor, "I haven’t done it yet." sounds much worse than "It hasn't been done yet."!

3. Write the prompts below on the board, or print them as a handout.

4. Model the conversation for the students: Boss: Susan, did you finish the report I gave you? Worker: I'm sorry, but the reports haven't been finished yet. Boss: What? Are you kidding me? Worker: Sorry! I'll finish the reports right away.

5. Have students role play being the boss or the lazy worker.

6. The worker should use passive voice to explain what hasn't been done yet.

7. Any appropriate vocabulary can be used to practice the roles.

Practice sentences.

Passive Voice Conversation Activity PRACTICE SENTENCES

AT AN OFFICE
1. Where are the letters I gave you to work on yesterday?	2. Is the coffee ready? And where are the donuts?
3. Do the employees have their paychecks yet?	4. Did you cancel my appointment with Dr. Lee?
5. Where is today's mail?	6. The office looks a little messy this morning.
7. Who mailed that package to Chicago yesterday?	8. I'd like to see the reports I gave you yesterday.

AT A RESTAURANT
1. Are the tables set up for lunch?	2. Why are the water glasses still dirty?
3. The guests at table 5 need their check.	4. Where are the dinner salads?
5. The guests at table 3 don't have any water or menus.	6. The guests at table 9 have nothing to drink.
7. Why is it so hot in here?!	8. There's no coffee ready.

AT A ZOO
1. There's no water in the monkey cages.	2. The tiger needs some food.
3. Why is there so much poop in the elephant area?	4. The popcorn machine is broken.
5. The cages are very dirty this morning!	6. We need some mice and rats for the snake.
7. Why is the giraffe walking freely throughout the zoo?	8. I'd like to see the repainted sign for the baboon area please.

AT A HOTEL
1. Why are the beds still messy?	2. There are no towels in room 17.
3. Could I see last night's receipts please?	4. The room keys aren't organized.
5. Why is it so cold in here?	6. The hall carpet is very dirty.
7. How much soap did you order last week?	8. How many postcards did you put in each room for the guests?

11.40

Extra activity for more advanced students Fill in the gaps to build meaningful sentences

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fedfeltforbiddenforgivenforgottenfoughtfoundfrozengivengivenhiddenhithurtkeptknownleftlentmisledoverheardsaid
1.	The picture is being  to a famous museum. It is going to be returned next month.
2.	The stolen car was  in the ditch by the thieves.
3.	John and Ann were not . They got there easily following the advice.
4.	It had not been  for years. They kept it secret successfully.
	This exercise is brought to you by www.nonstopenglish.com
5.	The thing could not be  secret.
6.	Peter and Tom were  in an accident yesterday.
7.	South Florida and Hawaii have been  by a hurricane.
8.	The treasure must have been . We could not find it.
9.	Everything that had been  remained a secret.
10.	The money has not been  to me. I am broke.
11.	I have not been  the money. I am broke.
12.	The blood was  before transportation to increase lifetime.
13.	What he has done to me cannot be . It hurt me so much.
14.	Everything is going to be . Nothing is going to be remembered.
15.	Everything is . Nothing is allowed.
16.	The best way to solve the problem will be . But we do not know when.
17.	The battles for liberation had been  before the fall of the Iron Curtain.
18.	The mosquito bite could not be . It was even more dangerous.
19.	It is  that learning English is easy. Don't believe it.
20.	Our horses are well . They are never hungry.

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11.41

Вопросы перед чтением текста.

Pre-reading task.

1. How would you identify the term of culture?

2. What are the aspects of culture?

3. What are the links of culture and history?

4. How much do you know about British culture?

11.42

Прочитайте и переведите текст. Подготовьте перессказ. Подготовьтесь к обсуждению.

Read and translate the text. Retell it. Be ready to discuss.

Culture in Britain

Britain today is a richly diverse society and culture. Its residents reflect a wide range of national, cultural, racial and religious backgrounds and mixtures. That diversity is a result of a history, which has included invasion, expansion, empire and Commonwealth.

Great Britain has a long history and no doubt, it is rich in culture. By now it has enjoyed centuries of triumph. The most remarkable of those is the triumph in literature. It dates back to the Anglo-Saxon manuscripts, the poem ‘Beowulf’, which has achieved national epic status.

The countries that make up the United Kingdom have provided quite a number of the world’s most notable and popular authors, poets and literary figures. The English playwright and poet William Shakespeare is undoubtedly the most famous writer in the English language, whose genius has never been surpassed since then. Nevertheless it gave place to such novelists and poets as Geoffrey Chaucer, Jane Austin, Charles Dickens, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Sir Walter Scott, John Milton, Robert Burns and many others.

Of course, their creative activity gave way to the creation of the theatre. The history of the theatre in the United Kingdom is particularly vivid. It all started in 1599 when the Globe Theatre was built by the playing company to which Shakespeare belonged, and was destroyed by fire on June 29, 1613. The Globe Theatre was rebuilt by June, 1614.

A modern reconstruction of the original Globe, named "Shakespeare's Globe Theatre" or the "New Globe Theatre," opened in 1997.

Globe Theatre

Building

The stage of the modern Globe Theatre.

Shakespeare’s contemporaries – Christopher Marlowe and Ben Johnson add depth to the early theatre.

Now you can see all kinds of shows in London – from Shakespeare’s plays and other serious authors – like Harold Pinter and Michael Frayn in the National Theatre to puppet shows and modern musicals in the West End.

Unfortunately Britain is not so rich in arts as in literature – not much can be said about it. But the United Kingdom has produced a number of important architects, including Sir Christopher Wren and Sir Norman Foster.

As for music – notable composers from the UK have included Henry Purcell, Sir Edward Elgar, Sir Arthur Sullivan and Lord Benjamin Britten who pioneered British opera.

Moreover, the UK was, with the USA, one of the two main contributors in the development of rock and roll, and the UK has provided some of the world’s most famous rock bands – The Beatles, Queen, Deep Purple, Pink Floyd, The Rolling stones. The UK was at the forefront of punk rock as well as creation of heavy metal along with being the birthplace of the Goth youth culture.

Apart from it there are a lot of regular festivals held in Britain – starting from folk and ending up with jazz.

11.43

Ответьте на вопросы:

Answer the questions:

1. Is Britain rich in culture?

2. Why is it so diversified?

3. What is the triumph of British culture?

4. What do we know about the British literature?

5. What is the past of British theatre?

6. What is modern theatre like?

7. What can Britain be proud of?

11.44

Подготовьте короткий доклад об одном из знаменитостей, упомянутых в тексте.

Make a report about one of the celebrities mentioned in the text

11.45

Прослушайте пленку и ответьте на вопросы. Listen to the tape and answer the questions.

On Stage

David Lavender is Artistic Director of the Komedia Theatre, Brighton. He will tell us why very few people go to the theatre in Britain.

Before listening to his monologue, answer the following questions:

1. Do you ever go to the theatre?Why?(why not?) How often do you go to the theatre? If you do – who are you usually accompanied by? Is it necessary to share views with the person you go to the theatre with?

2. What sort of people go to the theatre in your country?

3. How can experiences at school affect people’s attitude to the theatre?

Listening

1.Which media sources are more popular than the theatre?

2.Which classes of people go to the theatre?

3.How have audiences changed since Shakespeare’s time?

4. Why can people so easily become negative or indifferent about the theatre?

5. How does the education system affect people’s attitude towards Shakespeare?

6. Does it affect their perception of the theatre on the whole?

7. What can turn people into lifelong thetre-goers?

8. When did theatre begin to change in Britain? How?

11.46

Прочитайте и переведите диалог. Найдите и объясните случаи употребления страдательного залога. Выучите его близко к тексту и разыграйте в парах.

Read and translate the dialogue. Find and explain the usage of the Passive voice.

Learn the dialogue and practice it in pairs.