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? >$& 8 % ## M &* / & / $A 8- 8> « > # -$A A# " # > # # / ""## 2009—2013 A >» (A " " >/ R <608 06.08.09).

% # # "8# " # $$ ( ) " % " $" >8 $>E- # 8 ? #/ "8# " 8 $$, " " #, " $>E # 8 " # A " = " # (D D) . E # % " % # 8-C A % > , C & A# " # #" > , ? & $#% # &* > "- 8# " # $$ $ $& ? #8 " * " E " # #" # ? > "#" 8 $8 $#" #A# &* > # " # $ # E #/ [1].

#8 #% $/ $>E # " # A " = " # &- " $#8 # > #$ !$? % & / & " & > ?- / (DU).

" # DU — C #$ DU, $? % @=# C A#@ " " ? # " : " >&* /, # " /. # 8 ? "$# @ " =- " " # # " #8 " # $# A 8 = " # ! C& #- " / " #.

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< & C "$#8 &* / DU, " = / 8 ! >8 8 # 8, "8# " / " ## « # » & ? # @=# % &* > [2].

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" # # $% & , " # M< 12—15 % C!! #-" # , # A # >E 2,5 % A .

< % &* 8 % $ $& A " #%A & # C "$#8 &*- A " " #8# DU, $#% " '< « < 8 E#- " # ».

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1.?$ .. < E# " # : ? = % $"$# > $ - > // C "8# " #/ * . 2000. R3. D. 11—12.

2.. . D#" 8 C&$# # " ## « # » // C "8# " #/ * . 2000. R1. D. 56—57.

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< ?& 8 " % # 8 > "#" 8 C& " ? # ( D D) $ - # > ( 8 & / # " / 8 = " # " # > ) ?O " = 8 $& #& = $& A # % A E # 8 # ! 8 #-8 # " 8 ?O 8 , >/ ? #8: ) & ? "- A >? (# "# % ) "-&A # 8# " A E # , #? & # &* A 8 8 "& $#8 # ; ?) & $"& @= A "#" 8 A # $# # # $#8#% ## $ % >8 $% & 8 " . ' " $# A #" # C A## D D #"$&*% @ " C& 8 # " # $? % — C& # " # 8 E# > ( ) " #%8 @= /" " / = # $# A & . <-%8 " * " E " # D D % &@ " $#8#% ## & A #$% " = # $&@" " # , $% & 8 *E# * 8 "" ; %8 " * — #"$&*% ## # #- > >$8# & /, ? "$# @=# 8 " @ #@ , ?& A 8 %> " %8 >8 " #%# * 8 = " * %?- # , # A 8 "" & 8. * %8 " * $# #"$&*%- ## " "# / 8 E# > (D ) % &@ " ? "$ - ## ? " A %? # ? & $" >8# # C!! # >8# " " 8# $ " #@ " #% " >8#. D >$& " % "* 8?# # >8 — " %? # 8 $" > 8 A # # " $ - & 8>8 C& 8 A # >8 %? # 8. % # # # ? " / $# 8 = " # %? # " $# / " # D A - 8 @ " * # % &@ " #"$&*% ## %> 8 A #- 8# " A (# = @= A " ) "! 8 $# ( ), - " # >$& 8 A , $#8 , ! # 8 E 8 8 A #- $. < # C 8 " * 8 A #$ >$& " $# /

# " "$& / / $# / ?8 /, = @= " " * 8 A #$ " "$& / / # / ?8 / "- " & . " 8# 8 A #$ #8 " % E >/ % % . $# / ?8 A 8 A $ $#@ >"- " A # ('{ ) $" $# %? # , " # / ?8 # " #8 " # % "$& >/ & (- = @=#/" ) >$8# &* $" ?8 %? # . <# # '{ $& " > .

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D #"$&*% # 8 8 ## " # # 8 8 # " / "- #" # # ?> ? ? > > % % " &* & C "$& ## C & # " # 8 E# . $& > " > #" # # $ - % . 8 # " # # # " # " & # .

$% & $ * " * ? % % / ? > #% & ## &@? / " # .

% ? 8 # $# C "$#8 &* > #""& #/ "& # $% / ? > A <-311U. < > "& # &* / C "$& ## A #%8 # 8$> " / ?8- # . " ## 8 A #"& > C "$#8 &* > #""&- #/ ?> $& > $8 > 8$A $& . # #% @ # 8# #%8 # 8$> % #"#8 " # A % # " # # & 8 # .

< #8 # " ## " # # &* > #& #- > & $% & % # &* $>"# * $& ?8 # # " # . '8 " " 8, C $# & 8 #%8 #@ "$& # % E > $, "& &* , # $& " " /. " & , $# ## ? $ /" # 8 - ? / "#&> # &* > & " " * % " " - # " , " % $& # &* "$# & # % E 8 $ -8$&@" 8 $" " .

% &* > #""& #/ $% #%8 # * " #@ $EA . 8 # " 8 &* # > %8 " * #" &@- # * "& # $A $# " #8 > # # & 8 #" .

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1.+!! . . " * A > C& # " # 8 E# . E : , 1987.

2.+!! . ., +F .C. " # ? " # # &* > $ - 8 C A "? A @=# #8 # # $# A " " // D?. .

-2006. & E . .: % &*" , 2006.

204

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< # " % ## 8 > "#" 8 C& " ? # ( D D) " $# # " E * % $? % # 8 # " / C A## & " $8 / " / = # C& # " @ C A#@ % A # " % >8# $% & 8# " . < %8 " * & E # 8 "- " A ? # > $% & / D D % &@ " # 8# #8#% ## % " # &* A >? #"& $ $&@" C& # " / 8 E# > ( ) — A # @= A % "#" 8>. " > $%> @ , % #"#8 " # 8# &* A % # " > = # & >#A >E 8 "" #- > 8 # & $# $#8#% ## $&@" " # 8 " #A * 15—25 % ( #". 1). ' %8 " * " E " # A #$ D D % &@ @ " #"$&*% ## $# # "# % >$8# & / #- A #$ ( '), %> 8> > >8# $? %- & 8#. D#& " * ' % "* $" & " ? / " 8 ! % A #-" • , $# $" ## " " @=#8 ? % 8 "#- " 8> $& # 8 % * 8 ! ## — ! #@ 8 & #" @= A ! % A >$8# & ( ') # !- #@ 8$" # / 8 = " # ( ). < #8 ' ? "- $# >$& # ! ## 8 & #" @= A $? % # #- / 8 = " #, $#8 — " 8 %? # % " " % # 8 " A # / " " & @= / . < 8 A # #- @= # $% & " #%# * 8 = " * %? # # % &* C A 8 *E# * A ? # > # 8 "" D D & 8. % &* > $# &* > #""& #/ $%> @ , , $#8 , $# 8 "- 8 cos¯ = 0,8 8 "" # > 8 # & $ " #@ " #- # >8 cos¯ = 0,8 " # " $#8 25 % ( #". 2).

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A # # " >/ A 8 #% ( k ) ? $ $# #$ A#- " A % , 8 8 A # # " * ( k) #- " 8 A # >8 $& 8 8 "$A 8>8# & 8#. $#& , 8 A # $& " % Ÿ " $" >8# 8 A # 8#.

' # k & A 8 #% ## # # " " # " #%-% $?& 8> >8> # k $# A# # 8# " 8 % #8 /" ## " # / " /.

' ? $ C "$#8 &* A# # 8# " A % #8 /" # #$ k " 8# &* >8 8 "& 8, #8 @=#8 %- " * $ SAE 15W-30, # $ " 8 @ " " @= 8 & "" SE $ "#" 8 API.

k #8 "& @=# !#%# " # #" # #: k-1: 8 A- # " * ">= # /so = 25 /8, $& " # " % " * ¾ = 5,39 < ·", $& " * ³ = 2,114 A/83. k-1 $#A & ! A #- " / " ; k-2: /so = 24 /8, ¾ = 0,866 < ·", ³ = 1,253 A/83. k- 2 $#A & 8 #/ A # " / " .

""& # $#"* "$# &* % ? 8 & C # - & / % ? 8 " " # 8 8 A 8 #%# 8 A & d = 20 88, E A 8 % ? b = 3 88, # / $& = # $# " ## t = 0,3 88 # A& 8 45:. F ? #8 & ! 8 $8 A &* / $##. ' # 8 "#- 8 &* / 8 A # / # ## ? 8 % % ¿ = 0,15 88, $& " Ÿ >8 $Ÿ8 " ELCUT # " " #& Bmax = 1,25 &. D " * = # A 8 #%# 8 A & 4 8/c, 8$ 8 "& 293 .

# # 8 # "$# >8> # k & & "* #%8 # #- # " A $ $ & #/ # $"& k " 8 "& 8. <

206

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207

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' / ? $> C "$#8 &* > #""& # &@- @= / "$" ? " # " #/ >$" 8> ' ( '-43, '-47),# $> > ? % " 8 #!# # / C& / "#" 8 / ( '-43-1, '-43-4).

"$> # $#"* #8 88 ## $8 A " " / 50 1000 , "-$8, # #8$&*" 8 #8 . ' ? $" & > % &* > #""& #/ 88 #- > #" # ' , " #&& A 88> # $#/, $" > &*-8$> #" # # # $ # " # .

< % , 8 >/ ' "$" ? 8 A 88 # * # $8>E& / " > " 8$ / " #& 8$. <- > #""& # $% , $> > ? % > #8 @ ? &*E @ $ " #@ " " #/ >8# ? % 8# &@ @= @ "$" ? " * # 8 A $"& # * " / & % ? # >" &* > "#&* > ' , $% > & #"$&*% # " " ?>" /" @= A - A # # & # " /" % =# > " # $ $#/ >- " &* > C& " .

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2. ) "#" 8> % =# > C& # " A ? # $ $ - #/ # > $A % / .M. &! , .D. U & # , '. . # # . //

& # . 2006. R9. D. 21—26.

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' #/ $& #$% #%8 # # A 8 ?> *$& $ #% & # / " / " # $ ?8 # " .

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2. % .A. "# > A > 8 > "#" 8. — .: F , 1997. — 288 ".

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$"" / "#" 8> $& # (D ); " 8> % =# > (DF); #"$> >- 8 A 8 # " A > &@ & ( '), # A % #. < # #$ /" # " # % &@ " " % ## "# " # &* A % / "- > $" " 8 8 & ## $# % " / ? # #--# # @ A % .

< # #"$> # C / " # $#% E & > #% " " &* # %#" , >% >/ $& # 8 A& A A % 8> # 8- " # % 8&@. " % " 8, $# ## 8# &* A , E "* # 8# " # $8 > # , " & A " 8 %- =# >. & E # C / $?& 8>, 8 = >/ # " 8 % =# > ?>& % 8 "? / #% ?>" /" @=# # . / $ $% & A # # * 8 $# $" > & %#" , $%- & $& " *@ E# * $?& 8 . D / " & E # C / $?& 8> ? > " E # ? % # # # A " ?? , ? > @ " %8 " # % 8 & # &@ # %#" $# $ - 8 =# #%8 # #8$&*" $& # .

< "& & # " #, 8 ?> * $#8 & " #!#- ## 8 # " # > &@ & / $ $8 8 #? &*E / &@- @= / "$" ? " #.

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