UNIT 8. INTERVIEWS AND PRESS

CONFERENCES

1. Read the following sample interviews, paying attention to the way the interviewers ask questions and interviewees answer them.

SAMPLE 1. Press conference of the US Secretary of Defense

Q: Mr. Secretary, can you confirm, sir, today, and since you have admitted there are US troops in the area, that US troops are now inside Pakistan finding or hunting for those wanted terrorists, the most wanted terrorists, al Qaeda and Taliban? And if you have spoken with anybody — any one of them, or their leader?

Secretary: As you know, my policy is to have other countries characterize what it is they're doing rather than we characterize it for them. And I have really nothing to say except that the borders of Afghanistan, around 360 degrees, tended to be relatively porous over the decades.

Q: Mr. Secretary, I would switch — for a minute to Moscow, the discussions on the nuclear arms reduction. What is the value of this process of negotiating a written agreement, from the US point of view? What's the value of doing that?

Secretary: Well, when the president made his announcement, he indicated that the United States of America was going to do what he said; namely, bring down strategic offensive nuclear weapons down into the 1,700 to 2,200 level. That was a statement based on our own national security interests. The president of Russia, on a subsequent occasion, announced that they, too, intended to go down to roughly that level. What's taking place between the United States and Russia is the development of a new relationship, a new framework between our two countries.

Q: Did you get the sense from your discussions on this topic in Moscow that it will be accomplished by the time the president leaves?

Secretary: You never know. Something's not over till it's over.

It is a process, it's been going along very well. I've had numerous meetings with the defense minister of Russia. Secretary of State has had numerous meetings with the foreign minister of Russia. And the US president has had several meetings with the Russian president. And there are more ahead of us. So we just stay on the track. It's a constructive, useful process. And I enjoyed my stop in Moscow.

Q: Mr. Secretary, in your meetings this afternoon with the Chinese vice-president will you raise the issue of America's concern and this building's concern over the shifting of Chinese medium-range missiles to an area where they now threaten Taiwan and apparently a buildup of some size, up to 300 or more, we're told by press reports?

Secretary: I have not met the vice president of the People's Republic of China. He's coming in this afternoon. I look forward to it. And I don't really think it's appropriate to discuss what he or I might or might not bring up in the course of the discussion.

Q: Is it a concern to you, sir, that these missiles are being shifted?

Secretary: (Pause) How would one answer that on the eve of a visit? (Laughter.) My instinct is to leave it where I left it and not, you know, preview things that might or might not be discussed.

SAMPLE 2. US Secretary of Defense at the joint media availability with

Russian Defense Minister in Moscow

Secretary of Defense: It is a pleasure for me to welcome Russian Minister of Defense to the Pentagon on this, his first official visit as Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation. We've had good discussions over the past days. As busy as we've been, I

think it's worth stopping for a moment to recognize how much US President and President of Russia have accomplished during such a brief period of their presidencies in putting decades of mistrust behind us and helping to forge a new relationship between our two countries, based on friendship, cooperation, and the pursuit of common interests.

The US and Russia do indeed have many common interests. We have a common interest in improved economic ties, a common interest in fighting terrorism and dealing with the new threats we both face in this dangerous new century. We have a common interest in working together to reduce offensive nuclear weapons, weapons that really are a legacy of past hostilities and which are really no longer needed when Russia and the US are basing our relationships on friendship, not on fear of mutual annihilation.

Defense Minister: We have just had a substantive round of negotiations with Secretary of Defense. In general, they dealt with the prospects for concluding an agreement or a treaty on reducing the strategic offensive weapons. As you might have noticed, the USRussian consultations, and not only focusing on the reduction of the strategic offensive weapons, have been very intensive in recent months. Upon our mutual agreement with Mr. Secretary, we are ready to disclose certain secret in our joint work.

The matter is that four or five days ago, we passed to the US side a set of new ideas, which, in our opinion, could serve a foundation for a future agreement. We listened to the US view and proposals on that account very carefully. My personal belief is that today we have reached certain progress.

As you know, in several days Russian Foreign Minister is flying to Washington. I think that by that time the Russian side will be ready to respond to the US comments and provide the comments of their own, and I hope that even greater progress will be made. And as for the agreement itself, whether it will be signed or not, of course it will be up to the presidents of the two countries to decide. But both sides spare no effort to provide the presidents with the most effective language of the agreement.

Thank you very much.

Secretary of Defense: As the minister said, our two presidents have asked the foreign ministries and the defense ministries to think through very carefully our new relationship. Secretary of State and Foreign Minister have met any number of times, and Defense Minister and I have met any number of times in various countries and several cities. And as he indicated, we're making progress, and the meetings will continue later this week in Washington.

Thank you.

Q: A question to both Mr. Minister and Mr. Secretary. Were you able to agree on those issues which remained pending by today?

Minister of Defense: I would stop short of making comments in public on the subject, which is very delicate now. Besides, I would give an opportunity to our foreign ministries to do their share and — since they are the major players, they play the major role in negotiating that agreement. As far as the military establishments are concerned, we had a chance to exchange our ideas and views very frankly, very candidly, on those drafts, which we had passed to each other recently.

Secretary of Defense: I agree.

Q: Mr. Secretary, I wonder if — this is Charlie Aldinger of Reuters. I wonder if I might ask you whether you feel that it's probable or possible that you will reach an agreement by the summit. And no matter what, will the United States proceed with its plan to shelve, rather than destroy, some nuclear weapons?

Secretary of Defense: As the minister indicated, it's up to the presidents to make the final decisions with respect to agreements like this. They will do so in an orderly way, as the days proceed, leading up to the summit. What they'll decide is up to them. And it seems to me that the one thing I will say is that US President has indicated that regardless of the outcome of these discussions, the United States of America intends to reduce offensive deployed weapons to the levels that the president indicated, of 1,700 to 2,200.

Q: Minister X, I'm Bob Burns, the Associated Press.

Could you tell us whether you discussed prospects for many military operations in Afghanistan and the future of American military presence in Central Asia?

Minister of Defense: You are quite right. We did discuss that issue, as well as a number of other issues with Secretary of Defense. And I hundred per cent agree that in the course of our regular meetings, we discuss not only the issues relating to the strategic offensive weapons but a much broader range and scope of issues where the role of the two countries is very big. And it involves the Afghan issue and the issue of terrorism in general.

And speaking philosophically, I would like to mention that we discussed most acute issues relating to international security, such as terrorism, non-proliferation and reduction of weapons systems in general. But it's not a mechanical approach, which we use now, just talking about the number of platforms and warheads. We are trying to predict, to forecast the relations between the two countries for five, seven and nine days

— years, so — and even the draft of the strategic offensive weapons reductions is a document which provides a longer period of relations. And for that end — both for the US side and for the Russian side, it's a matter of principle to be aware of the geopolitical environment which may emerge in five, seven or 10 years.

Q: A question to Secretary Y. You've just returned from Afghanistan, and you were briefed definitely on the outcome of the antiterrorist operation. Can you share some details of the operation with us? And the second question is that there is much talk of big US losses in the course of the operation. Can you comment on that?

Secretary of Defense: As I understand it, your first question involves a general comment on what's taking place in Afghanistan with respect to the efforts to stabilize the country. We've made good progress. The Taliban are no longer running the country. The al Qaeda are not currently using Afghanistan as a training camp and bases for launching terrorist attacks on innocent people around the world.

With respect to your second question, I have no information, and I am not acquainted with the report that you're referring to and wouldn't even want to begin to comment on its accuracy or lack of accuracy, except I would say that experience suggests that first reports are often wrong.

Good.

Minister of Defense: Thank you. Secretary of Defense: Thank you, sir.

2. Learn the following «package phrases» which are used during press conferences and interviews. Discuss the meanings with your teacher.

I. How to open

A formal opening

1.Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. I have a great honor today and great privilege to introduce ...

2.Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen, and thank you for joining us this afternoon.

3.Good morning. It is a pleasure for me to be back in ...

4.It is my great pleasure once again to receive ...

5.Mr. Secretary/President, it's an honor, in fact, to have you here with us, and I'll turn the floor over to you.

6.My apologies for being a little later than we had planned. I want to welcome you. We're very pleased to have you here. We're honored to have you here.

Less formal opening

1.Good afternoon, and thank you all very much for your time. 2.I know how busy Fridays can be, so I'll just have a few brief remarks at the top here and open it up to your questions.

2.Ladies and gentlemen, we're going to get started here. Thanks for making yourself available to us and Mr. X.

3.Good morning everybody. I really don't have any opening remarks. Let's get right to the issue at hand.

4.Good morning. I just want to open up here with several main points.

5.Good morning. I don't know if I need to start with any preliminaries, so I'll open it up for questions from the audience.

II.How to start and give the floor

1.I'll turn it over to ...

2.Mr. N, sir, the floor is yours.

3.I just want to say a few things and then turn it over to ...

4.And with that, I'll turn it over to ...

5.And with that I will open the floor to questions and comments.

6.I'd like to make a short statement and then answer your questions.

7.And with that, I'll open up for questions.

8.I think with that introduction, I'd like to open this up for any questions. My colleagues and I will be as open as we possibly can. However, we cannot give you any information concerning...

III.How to ask questions

1.I'm wondering if you can expand a little more about ... ?

2.Can you give us a sense of ... ?

3.What's your sense of the ... ? Can you give us the latest on ... ?

4.Could you fill us in on the latest on ... ?

5.Can you paint a picture for us of what ... ?

6.Can you shed any light on ... ?

7.Is there a chance you could paint a picture of (what's happening)?

8.Can you update us on ... ?

9.Any hot breaking news you can update us on ... ?

10.Can you bring us up to date on ... ?

11.May I do a follow-up, please? What's your best guess about... ?

12.Can I follow up on ... ? What are your thoughts on the fact that... ?

IV. How to start answering questions

1.My understanding is that...

2.My sense is that...

3.My guess is that ...

4.To my knowledge ...

5.It is a good question. I am glad you asked me about it.

V.How to avoid answering questions

1.Not to my knowledge.

2.Not that I know of.

3.I'm not inclined to get into it at the moment. Sorry.

4.I really don't want to speculate about it. I'm honestly not sure of the details of it.

5.I don't want to get into details and the substance of.... I'd rather keep it a little more general.

6.I cannot get into specifics of... —

7.I'd prefer not to get into that.

8.I don't care to get into the subject anymore. Sorry.

9.I'm really not in the position to discuss it.

10.I really can't say that much about that. Sorry. I just can't shed a lot of light on that for you.

11.What's beyond that I can't say at this point.

12.We don't have anything to announce with respect to that.