1. Often it produces a series of structurally related compounds having ... Pharmacological properties.

2. The inactive principles may alter the activity of the drug by physi­cal means, for example, they may act as co-solvents of ... or delay their absorption or diffusion in the organism.

3. Sometimes intrinsic factors are ... in the plant and only appear as a response to the appropriate external factors.

4. Their biological function is often discussed but the fact is that many of them have a special importance ... the plant because of their pharmacological action.

5. Besides their own essential principles, the so-called primary plant products, plants produce other principles, which apparently do not have any definite ... function.

6. Plants are ... metabolising, both breaking down preformed mole­cules and building new ones at the same time.

7. A plant seldom has only one active … .

Exercise 8. Correct mistakes in the following statements.

1. The inactive principles may alter the activity of the drug by physi­cal means, for example, they may act as co-solvents of the non-active compounds.

2. Besides their own essential principles, the so-called primary plant products, plants produce other principles, which apparently have definite biological function.

3. Plants are constantly metabolising, both breaking down preformed molecules and at the same time destroying old ones.

4. The biological function is often discussed but the fact is that many of them have a special importance inside the plant because of their pharmacological action.

5. Sometimes intrinsic factors are latent in the plant and only appear as a response to the appropriate internal factors.

6. Drugs in general arise from a heterogeneous population of indi­vidual plants living under proper conditions.

Exercise 9.Complete the sentences using words and phrases from the text.

1. The inactive compounds may interfere with the action ...

2. The inactive principles may alter the activity of the drug by physi­cal means, for example ....

4. Sometimes intrinsic factors are latent in the plant and only appear as ... .

5. Their biological function is often discussed but the fact is that many of them have a special importance outside ....

6. Besides their own essential principles, the so-called primary plant products, plants produce other principles, which ....

4. Plants are constantly metabolising, both breaking down ... .

Exercise 10. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian. Define the Continuous Tense in the sentences.

1. I will be taking proper procedures this time next January.

1. While patients were taking homeopathic medicine, doctors didn't prescribe other remedies.

2. They will be taking special remedies before the operation.

3. The nurse was preparing the patient to the operative treatment.

4. We were taking antibiotics during a month.

5. More and more families are using medical plants for treatment.

2. More and more pharmaceutical companies are receiving benefits from their products.

Exercise 10. Fill in the gaps with the verbs in the Continuous Tenses.

1. She cut her finger when she (to cook) food.

2. At the moment I (to go) to courses for nurses

3. What you (to do) when you sprained your back?

4. You (to do) the same course as me.

5. These doctors (to talk) about a new way of treatment.

6. When you (to go) to visit the doctor?

7. We (to gather ) mushrooms when it started to rain.

Exercise 11. Underline the correct form of the verb.

1. Victor is working/works in the pathology lab at the City Hospital.

2. Most days he is analysing/analyses samples and is carrying/carries out tests on blood.

3. He is testing/tests blood to look for bacteria and parasites.

4. He is also counting/counts blood cells and is matching/matches blood for transfusions.

5. Today Victor is examining/examines body fluids under the micro­scope and writes/is writing a report for the Infectious Diseases Department.

6. Usually he enjoys/is enjoying his work even though sometimes he works/is working night shifts and weekends.

7. His wife says he works/is working too hard.

Exercise 12. Give as much information as you can about:

• phytopharmacy foundation;

• phytopharmacy importance;

• plants living under a variety of conditions;

• pharmacological action;

• metabolism and its role.

Make a summary of the drug leaflet below, comment on the properties, composition, mechanism of action, indication, dosage and use, contraindications, side effects, storage and term of validity of the drug.

HAMBURG TEACOMPOSITION:Each 550 mg contains:        Senna Leaves        537,5 mgPHARMACOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION:Laxatives.PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION:Promotes bowel movement by one or more direct actions on the intestine.INDICATIONS:Hamburg Tea is indicated for the treatment of occasional constipation and for use as a bowel cleansing regimen preparing the patient for surgery, or the colon for x-ray or endoscopic examination.CONTRA-INDICATIONS:Sensitivity to senna. Intestinal obstruction or undiagnosed abdominal symptoms.WARNINGS:Hamburg Tea should not be used in the presence of abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting or for a period longer than 1 week, unless directed by a doctor. If you have noticed a sudden change in bowel habits that has persisted for a period longer than 2 weeks or have rectal bleeding or failure to have a bowel movement after use of a laxative, this may be indicative of a serious condition. Discontinue use and consult a doctor. Frequent or prolonged use of Hamburg Tea may result in dependence on laxatives and loss of normal bowel function.DOSAGE AND DIRECTIONS FOR USE:ADULTS: LEAVES:        One medicine measureful [550 mg] taken night and morning in the form of a tea as indicated below.CHILDREN [OVER THE AGE OF 6 YEARS]:        One quarter to one half the adult dose taken as directed depending on age.PREPARATION OF LEAVES:Place the required amount of Hamburg Tea in a teapot and pour two cups of boiling water over. Allow to stand for five minutes and then strain. The tea may be sweetened to taste.SIDE-EFFECTS AND SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS:May cause abdominal discomfort, such as colic and cramps. Prolonged use or overdosage may result in diarrhoea, excessive loss of water and electrolytes and possible atonic non-functioning colon. Discolouration of the urine may occur and may interfere with diagnostic tests. Care should be taken in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.IDENTIFICATION:Hamburg Tea is identified as a mixture of dried pale green leaves with a slight characteristic odour.PRESENTATION:Hamburg Tea is presented in cartons containing 25 g and 50 g of dried leaves.STORAGE INSTRUCTIONS:Store below 25 °C. Protect from light and moisture.KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN.

GUIDELINES FOR WORKING WITH DRUG LEAFLETS

1. PHARMACOLOGY (PROPERTIES). MECHANISM OF ACTION (MODE OF ACTION). COMPOSITION. - Фармакологічні властивості. Механізм дії. Склад.