Урология - Symptoms and syndroms
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Excretory urograms
The radio-opaque fluid is injected intravenously. Adult dose is about 20-25 ml.
Routine radiograms are taken at 5, 10 and 40 minutes with the patient in supine position.
Excretory urogram is contraindicated in
Allergic patients
Multiple myeloma (the dye makes insoluble complex with Bence-Jones protein and precipitate in the renal tubules)
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Diabetes
Primary hyperparathyroidism
IVU
10 minutes. Left kidney function is timely, right kidney function as absent
IVU
120 minutes delayed nephrogram and pyeligram caused by the stone at the upper part of the ureter.
IVP shows a delayed nephrogram and pyelogram on the left caused by a stone in the mid ureter (arrow).
IVP shows a delayed nephrogram and a stone with proximal edemablocking the mid ureter (arrow).
Ultrasound
With ultrasound agenesis, hypoplasia, duplex or ectopic kidney, renal calculi, renal failure, renal tumours can be diagnosed.
Normal right kidney
Grayscale ultrasound ( B regimen). Non dilated pelvis can be observed.
