Exercises

Exercise № 1

Match the terms with their definitions.

acquisition joint venture consortium franchising licensing local partner subsidiary

a company partly or wholly owned by a parent company giving someone the exclusive right to produce and sell products in a certain area selling the right to a manufacturer’s trademark buying or taking over another company a person or a company who cooperates with a foreign company who wishes to enter the market two or more companies join temporarily to carry out a large project a group of companies in similar business working together

Exercise № 2

При переводе на русский язык предложений, подлежащим которых является неодушевленное существительное, а сказуемым – глагол, выражающий чувство, сказуемое, как правило, обозначается словами «наблюдалось», «произошло», «отмечалось», а подлежащее английского предложения становится дополнением или обстоятельством места или времени. Такие же значения может приобретать глагол to enjoy. Кроме того, в некоторых словосочетаниях этот глагол может переводиться словами «обладать», «иметь», «пользоваться».

Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1. Smaller countries have already seen their exports to the US dwindle as Chinese supplies have taken advantage of quotas already lifted.

2. Mr. Lewis said construction companies had seen demand fall sharply in the Netherlands, Belgium and Denmark.

3. Most economists maintain that after the third-quarter slowdown in growth, the final three months saw activity in the US recovering from the summer pause.

4. General Motors, Ford and Chrysler all saw production disruptions, caused partly by parts shortage.

5. The year 2008 saw the first dramatic shrinkage in the volume of international trade since 1982 largely because of slowdown in the world economy.

6. While worldwide production rose 36% from 1968 to 1978, Brazil saw its annual steel production nearly triple.

7. A big shake-out during 1982 saw around 20 companies close down.

8. The prospect of further increases in retail turnover will be welcomed by British manufacturing industry, which has seen its output flatten in recent years.

9. While Mazda has lost some ground to Japanese rivals in North America it has enjoyed more success in Europe.

10. However, domestic-based American export industry will lose the dominant currency advantage it has enjoyed for 50 years.

11. Spain’s trade performance enjoyed a boost in September.

12. The group enjoyed a strong recovery last year in the sales of its digital products ranging from DVD recorders to flat panel TVs.

13. Industry sources suggest that the Saturday Times, while enjoying higher numbers of readers than the weekday sister title, has lost sales in the same period.

14. Matsushita, which began selling camera phones in China last year, has enjoyed strong demand for its products despite their high costs.

15. Israel enjoys tariff-free treatment in the US under a 1985 bilateral trade agreement.

16. Businesses and customers enjoyed lower and lower prices.

Exercise № 3

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the list.

to buy in bulk franchising agreement trade name retail sales royalties marketing investment experience franchising franchise holder outlets franchiser (2) risks franchise(2) franchisee (2) advertising brand

FRANCHISING

Franchising is means of ……………. and distributing goods. The …………….. , normally a large business, supplies the …………………, usually an individual, with products or services for sale to the public. The ………………. pays for the right to sell product or service in a certain area, and also makes annual payments – known as ……………… - to the………….company.

This type of business has always been popular in the United States. It developed particularly in the 1950s and 1960s when there was a boom in fast-food restaurants such as McDonald’s and Kentucky Fried Chicken. Now about one third of all …………… …………….. in the U.S. are through franchising ……………..., and there are about 500,000 enterprises operating in this manner.

The system is spreading quickly throughout the world. In Europe companies using franchising include: Wimpy International (fast-food), Dayvilles (ice cream), Budget Rent-a-Car (car hire), Pronuptia (wedding dresses), Ziebart (car rust-proofing). Other countries are beginning to follow Europe’s example. China is producing and bottling Coca-Cola under a …………… …………. with the American company.

It is not surprising that franchising is growing fast. If it works properly, it has advantages for both sides. The …………. is able to expand his business without reducing his capital or borrowing money. In fact he gets additional capital from an outside source – the franchisee. Another advantage is that the ………….. …………… will probably be hard-working. This is important, especially in fast-food outlets where the hours of opening are long.

The franchisee gains from arrangement as well. Franchisees are usually interested in business, but do not have much ………….. or capital. They want to work for themselves, but may have too many …………

To purchase a ……………, they may have to pay 20,000 or 30,000 pounds sterling – part of which they can borrow from a friendly bank.

For their …………., franchisees buy the right to use the …………… …………… of the franchiser, and they get advice about running the business. Also the franchising company will provide them with training, materials and equipment. They will be able to take advantage of the company’s specialized knowledge and its ability to ………… …………… Finally, the franchiser will very likely be promoting the brand name of the business with national ………….

The franchising system gives people the chance to set up in business without taking great risks. If they choose their ………….. wisely, they will have the opportunity to make a small fortune.

Exercise № 4

Translate the following sentences into Russian paying special attention to the meaning of the expression subject to - 1) подлежать, подвергаться, подчиняться чему-либо; быть действительным при условии, что… 2) допуская; при условии, что…; если.

В первом значении конструкция subject to, как правило, является частью составного сказуемого, перевод которого зачастую требует выполнения лексических и грамматических трансформаций. При этом сказуемое в русском варианте может быть выражено глаголами распространяться, регулироваться. Может также возникнуть необходимость в смысловом развитии фразы.

1. The OECD said that the 10 OPEC members subject to quotas last month produced 2.48m barrels a day above the ceiling of 21.7m b/d.

2. Though always subject to poor climatic conditions, the farm sector has suffered a big collapse.

3. The ordered goods will be sent out within 14 days subject to availability.

4. The offer is subject to new sanitary norms and requirements.

5. Prices are subject to revision without notice.

6. Foreign and Italian banks are not treated differently but are subject to same controls.

7. The EU is already arguing that 8% of its agricultural tariff lines should be designated as “sensitive products” and subject to reduced tariff cuts – much more than the US proposal of 1%.

8. The planned acquisition is subject to regulatory approval and follows the purchase in December of Mininurse, a mass-market brand in China.

Exercise № 5

В коммерческой корреспонденции, экономических и юридических текстах довольно часто встречаются предложения, в которых причастия употребляются в функции союзов и предлогов, что может представлять определенную трудность при переводе.

Причастия в функции союзов вводят условные, уступительные и причинно-следственные придаточные предложения. На русский язык они переводятся следующим образом:

provided/providing, granted/granting – при условии, принимая о внимание;

supposing, assuming – если, допустим, предположим, что;

seeing – поскольку, принимая во внимание, учитывая, ввиду того что.

Причастия в функции предлогов стоят перед существительными и переводятся на русский язык следующим образом:

given – при наличии, учитывая, если учесть;

failing – при отсутствии; в случае отсутствия, ввиду отсутствия; за неимением;

regarding, considering, respecting – относительно;

following – вслед за; после

barren/barring – кроме, за исключением. исключая,

pending –

1) в продолжение; в течение Syn: during

(pending the peace negotiations - в ходе мирных переговоров)