The West End the City the East End

(a historical place; the rich live) (a business centre) (a port; the word of poverty)

historical places banks unattractive

parks offices streets are narrow&dirty

Westminster Abby – kings&queens ½ a mil. people work houses are overcrowded

are crowned. St. Paul’s Cathedral the world of poverty,

Newton, Darwin, Dickens, unemployment

are buried. & disease

The Houses of Parliament with Big Ben.

Covent Garden – the National Gallery –

the British Museum

Environmental problems

It’s well to illuminate the problems of environment considering the problems of modern cities.

Problems of modern cities

Air pollution Smog = smoke + fog

comes from two words:

Billions of years ago volcanoes sent tons of ash & smog into the atmosphere.

P lants and animals decayed and added polluting gases.

People came on the stage of life.

They began to produce man-made pollutants:

• they discovered fire

• they used coal to heat their houses.

Smog combined with moisture produced dense layers of smog. They blanketed cities for days.

Smog + chemicals are harmful. Eyes water. Throats get sore. People cough.

eczema, emphysema

asthma

Smog & chemicals provoke cardiovascular difficulties

lung & stomach cancer

Air is polluted.

N atural pollutants smoke & ash

s alt particles dust gases from rotting animals & plants.

Man-made pollutants – burning coal from Industry

oil

gas Automobiles

gasoline from

The products of fuel combustion are harmful.

Fuels < _C^H . During combustion O unites with H & C to form

O₂ + H + C = H ₂ O - water

CO - C monoxide

CO₂ - C dioxide

NO_x – N oxides

SO_x - S oxides

Pollutants can come from crank case

carburetor

fuel tank The way out is emission control on automobiles!

tail pipe.