Учебное пособие 700353

25

25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 2525 25E25M25B25E25D25 25E25q25u25a25t25i25o25n25.25325 25 2525 ₂₅25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25(25225.25925)25

25

25‑B<5B8<,25 25GB> 25=081>;55 25A8;L=0O 257028A8<>ABL 25(25 25=01;N405BAO 252 25?>;OE,25 25A>>B25BAB2CNI8E 25<0:A8<0;L=><C 25(25_MD.25

25

25

25

25>=B@>;L=K5 252>?@>AK 25: 25A5<8=0@C 25

25

25µ20 25B8?0 2548M;5:B@8G5A:>9 25=5;8=59=>AB8:25 25MDD5:B82=0O 258 25@525@A82=0O.25 25‑A>15==>AB8 258E 25?@>O2;5=8O.25 25

25-DD5:B82=0O 25=5;8=59=>ABL.25 25­>G5<C 25µ_MD 25?@>E>48B 25G5@57 25?8: 25?@8 2587<5=5=88 25§_~25?25

250: 2522>48BAO 25?>=OB85 25µ_MD 25G5@57 25!_MD?25 250:>9 25B>G:5 25=0 25:@82>9 25 (25§)25 25A>>B25BAB2C5B 25?8: 25µ_MD?25

255@K 25=5;8=59=>AB8 25A53=5B>M;5:B@8:0 25?@8 262>7459AB288 26=0 26=53> 26§_~26.26 26 26:0:8E 26?@545;0E 2687<5=ONBAO 2625;8G8=K 26_MD 262 26A53=5B>M;5:B@8:0E.26

260:>20 26?@8@>40 26MDD5:B82=>9 26=5;8=59=>AB8?26 260:8<8 26D0:B0<8 26?>4B25@6405BAO?26

26 525@A82=0O 26=5;8=59=>ABL.26 26­>G5<C 26µ_r26 2687<5@O5BAO 262 26?5@5<5==>< 26?>;5?26

26$878G5A:0O 26?@8@>40 26@525@A82=>9 26=5;8=59=>AB8.26 260:85 26ACI5AB2CNB 2638?>B57K 264;O 2655 26>1JOA=5=8O?26

26%0@0:B5@8AB8:8 26@525@A82=>9 26=5;8=59=>AB8.26

26­@8<5=5=8O 26=5;8=59=KE 26A2>9AB2 26A53=5B>M;5:B@8:>2 262 2620@8:>=40E,26 26"µ§0E,26 2648M;5:B@8G5A:8E 26CA8;8B5;OE,26 26C<=>68B5;OE 26G0AB>BK 268 264@.26

26

26‑ $'§! 26!­!‑

26

26126.26 26@84=52,26 26!.26 26.26 26$878:0 26?>;O@=KE 2648M;5:B@8:>2 26[26"5:AB]26:26 26CG51.26 26?>A>185 26/26 26!.26 26.26 26@84=52.26 26 26>@>=56:26 26"#,26 26226026026426.26 26 26226626326 26A.26

26226.26 26 260@8:>=4K 262 26M;5:B@>==KE 268<?C;LA=KE 26AE5<0E 26[26"5:AB]26 26/26 26?>4 26@54.26 26.26..26 26C;K15=:>.26 26 26.26 26:26 26!>2.26 26 048>,26 26126926726126.26

26326.26 26­;C6=8:>2,26 26.26 26.26 26µ8M;5:B@8G5A:85 26CA8;8B5;8 26[26"5:AB]26 26/26 26.26 26.26 26­;C6=8:>2.26 26 26.26 26:26 26-=5@38O,26 26126926626926.26

26426.26 26 26µ8M;5:B@8:8.26 26‑A=>2=K5 26A2>9AB20 268 26?@8<5=5=85 262 26M;5:B@>=8:5 26[26"5:AB]26 26/26 26?>4 26@54.26 26.26 26!.26 26 57,26 26..26 26.26 26­>?;02:>.26 26 26.26 26:26 26 048> 268 26A2O7L,26 26126926826926.26

26526.26 26­>?;02:>,26 26..26.26 26$878:0 260:B82=KE 2648M;5:B@8:>2 26[26"5:AB]26 26/26 26..26 26.26 26­>?;02:>.27 27.27 27­.27 27­5@525@7520,27 27.27 27­.27 27 052A:89.27 27 27 >AB>2-27=0/27µ:27 27.$#,27 27227027027927.27 27 27 27427827027 27A.27

27

27­@0:B8G5A:>5 2770=OB85 27! 27327

27

27"5@<>48=0<8G5A:85 27DC=:F88 27

278 27D07>2K5 27?5@5E>4K

27

27 27 27&§, 27 ‑"+:27 2787CG5=85 27@07;8G=KE 27DC=:F89 27A>AB>O=8O 272 27B5@<>48=0<8:5:27 272=CB@5==59 27M=5@388,27 27A2>1>4=>9 27M=5@388,27 27B5@<>48=0<8G5A:>3> 27?>B5=F80;0 27811A0.27 27;0AA8D8:0F8O 27D07>2KE 27?5@5E>4>2 27?> 27-@5=D5ABC.27

27

27 "§ 27"§‑ §"'§!§ 27!§µ§/

27

27327.27127.27 27"5@<>48=0<8G5A:85 27DC=:F88

27

27"5@<>48=0<8:0 2787CG05B 2770:>=><5@=>AB8 27B5?;>2>3> 2742865=8O 278 278AE>48B 2787 27B>3>,27 27GB> 272AO:0O 27B5@<>48=0<8G5A:0O 27A8AB5<0 27A>AB>8B 2787 271>;LH>3> 27G8A;0 27G0AB8F.27 27 27-=5@38O 27MB8E 27=5?@5@K2=> 274286CI8EAO 278 272708<>459AB2CNI8E 27<564C 27A>1>9 27G0AB8F 27A>AB02;O5B 27?>;=CN 27M=5@38N 27A8AB5<K.27 27 27­>;=0O 27M=5@38O 27A8AB5<K 27A:;04K205BAO 2787 272=5H=59 27M=5@388 278 272=CB@5==59 27M=5@388.27 27 27­>4 272=5H=59 27M=5@<K 27?>=8<0NB 27:8=5B8G5A:CN 27M=5@38N 2755 2742865=8O 27:0: 27548=>3> 27F5;>3> 27?;NA 27?>B5=F80;L=CN 27M=5@38N 27=0E>645=8O 27A8AB5<K 272 27?>;5 272=5H=8E 27A8;.27 27 27AO 27>AB0;L=0O 27G0ABL 27M=5@388 27A8AB5<K 27=07K205BA59 27M=5@3859.27 28 28 28=55 282E>48B 28M=5@38O L=>3> 288 282@0I0B5;L=>3> 2842865=8O 28<>;5:C; 288 28:>;510B5;L=>3> 2842865=8O 280B><>2,28 28M=5@38O 28<56<>;5:C;O@=>3> 282708<>459AB28O,28 282=CB@80B><=0O 28M=5@38O,28 282=CB@8O45@=0O 28M=5@38O 288 28B.284.28

28­>A:>;L:C 282 28B5@<>48=0<8:5 28=5 28@0AA<0B@8205BAO 2842865=85 28A8AB5<K 28:0: 28F5;>3> 288 2887<5=5=85 28?>B5=F80;L=>9 28M=5@388 28?@8 28B0:>< 2842865=88,28 28B> 28<>6=> 28AG8B0BL,28 28GB> 28?>;=0O 28M=5@38O 28A8AB5<K 285ABL 2855 282=CB@5==OO 28M=5@38O.28

28-=5@38O 28A8AB5<K 285ABL 28>4=>7=0G=0O 28DC=:F8O 28A>AB>O=8O 28A8AB5<K,28 28B> 285ABL 28MB> 2825;8G8=0,28 287=0G5=85 28:>B>@>9 28=5 287028A8B 28>B 28?@54KAB>@88 28A8AB5<K 28(28>B 28B@05:B>@88,28 28?> 28:>B>@>9 28?5@5E>48;0 28A8AB5<0 282 2840==>5 28A>AB>O=85)28 288 28?>;=>ABLN 28>?@545;O5BAO 2855 28A>AB>O=85< 282 2840==K9 28<><5=B.28 28 28">B 28D0:B,28 28GB> 28?>;=0O 28M=5@38O 28A8AB5<K 28(282=CB@5==OO 28M=5@38O 28 28u28)28 285ABL 28DC=:F8O 28A>AB>O=8O 28A8AB5<K,28 28<0B5<0B8G5A:8 282K@0605BAO 282 28B><,28 28GB> 2848DD5@5=F80; 282=CB@5==59 28M=5@388 28?@54AB02;O5B 28A>1>9 28?>;=K9 2848DD5@5=F80;