16.Voronezh n.N. Burdenko

«Voronezh N. N. Burdenko

State Medical Academy» is known as one of the

Leading higher educational establishment in

Russia.There are 5 500 people. It is one of the

oldest educational institutions of Russia.

Its history goes back to 1802 — the date of Derpt

University foundation, which in 1918 moved to

Voronezh. The Institute acquired an Academy

status in 1994.

There are 6 departments at the Voronezh State

Medical Academy: The Faculty of General

Medicine, The Pediatric Faculty, The Faculty of

Stomatology, The Faculty of Pharmacy,

Medicoprophylactic Faculty, The Faculty of

Advanced Nursing. AT the Academy has

a well-established reputation for providing high

quality medical teaching, learning and research.

Since the foundation year it has prepared

above 40 thousand medical specialists, including

foreign specialists from 28 countries of Europe,

Asia and Africa.

17 Of infectious diseases transmission

An infectious disease is a illness resulting from the

presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including

pathogenic viruses, pathogenic bacteria, fungi,

protozoa, multicellular parasites, and prions.

Infectious pathologies are also called

transmissible diseases.

An infectious disease is transmitted from

some source. Respiratory diseases are commonly

acquired by contact with aerosolized droplets,

spread by sneezing, coughing, talking, kissing .

Gastrointestinal diseases are often acquired by

ingesting food and water.

Sexually transmitted diseases are acquired through

Sex contact General methods to prevent

transmission of pathogens may include disinfection

and following common hygiene rules.

That is why medical hygiene practice includes

procedures, isolation of infectious persons and

sterilization or disinfection of instruments used

in surgical procedures

19. Emergency

Emergency medicine is a medical specialty in

which a physician receives practical training to

care for patients with acute illnesses.

An emergency situation is not always easy to

determine. But most Accident and Emergency

departments would agree that emergency

situation is when a patient has stopped breathing

or his heart has stopped, when he suffers severe

chest pains or has trouble breathing. It is also an

emergency when a patient is bleeding severely,

has had a serious head injury or has a severe burn.

When a patient has a severe allergic reaction,

cannot understand what is said to him.

It is necessary to provide him with immediate help.

Ambulances are equipped with everything necessary

for giving first aid and making a diagnosis.

The ambulances carry oxygen regulator and cylinders,

cardiac monitor, defyrelator, bags of blood,mask, drug

dressings, ambulance chair.

20. the problem of triage dilemmas.

Triage is a process of classification patients based

on the severity of their condition.

Simple triage is usually used in a scene of a

"mass-casualty incident" (MCI), in order to sort

patients into those who need critical attention

and immediate transport to the hospital

The triage categories in different countries are not

similar, but traditionally we can define four groups:

1) Immediate: - immediate medical attention and

will not survive if not seen soon.

2)Delayed-requires medical attention within 6 hour

3) Minimal: medical attention when all higher priority

patients have been evacuatedand may not

require stabilization or monitoring.

4) Expectant: The casualty is expected not to reach

higher medical support alive without

compromising the treatment of higher priority

patients.