Vocabulary

accurate-точный

aggregate-заполнитель

conglomerate-обломочная горная порода

crushed stone -щебень

gypsum-гипс

high alumina cement – цемент с высоким содержанием глинозема

high rate of strength – высокая прочность

inert – нейтральный

lime-известь

masonry-каменная (кирпичная) кладка

mortar-раствор

requisite -необходимый

resistance to -прочность на

selection -выбор

to select -выбирать

to vary -различаться

variations-изменения

violence – влияние

EXERCISES

1.Переведите текст на русский язык, используя словарь.

2.Найдите в тексте ответы на поставленные вопросы и запишите их.

1) What influences the choiсе of building materials?

2) What are lime, gypsum and cement most widely used for?

3) What are the main classes of cement?

4) What are thе most important building materials now?

5) What is called mortar?

6) What is the most accurate method of measuring proportions?

3. Вспомните значения следующих английских слов и подберите к ним соответствующий перевод из правого столбца:

building materials compressive load crushed stone fine aggregate gypsum high alumina cement high rate of strength lime masonry moisture content mortar resistance to workability

высокая прочность гипс известь каменная кладка мелкий заполнитель нагрузка на сжатие обрабатываемость прочность на раствор содержание влаги строительные материалы цемент с высоким содержанием глинозема щебень

4. Дополните следующие предложения, используя информацию из текста.

1) Timber, steel and concrete all vary…

2) Lime, gypsum and cement аrе used in …

3) They аrе designed as …

4) Нigh alumina cement is …

5)Concrete mау bе considered …

6) Тhе fundamental object in proportioning concrete оr mortar mixes is …

5. Проанализируйте состав следующих слов и словосочетаний. Переведите их на русский язык.

rapid-hardening,

high-alumina,

high early strength,

rocklike, water-tightness

UNIT 6

TEXT

BRICK

Brick is a universally used structural material which • in modern times is made by pressing clay into blocks and burning them to hardness. Bricks in their most primitive-form were not burned, but were hardened by being dried in the sun. In that form they were utilized during many centuries and are used even today in regions with the proper climate. Brick probably existed in times of which no record remained.

Since the Middle Ages, brickwork has been in constant use everywhere, in every sort of construction and in every architectural style. Good bricks are practically indestructible by fire or atmospheric action and more durable than stone.

At the beginning of the 19th century, mechanical processes came into everyday use and by the end of the century had almost entirely replaced the ancient hand-fashioned methods. They are produced in a great variety for widely different purposes.

A brick is best described as “a building unit”. It may be made of burnt clay, of concrete, of mortar, of a composition of sawdust and other materials; in shape it is a rectangular solid and its weight is from 6 1/ 2 to 9 lb.

The shape and convenient size of a brick enables a man to grip it with an easy confidence and, because of this, brick-building has popular for many hundreds of years. The hand of the average man is large enough to take a brick and he is able to handle more than 500 bricks in an eight-hour working day.

It is necessary, therefore, for the «would-be» bricklayer to practice handling a brick until he can control it with complete mastery and until he is able to place it into any desired position.

By placing the hand over the surface of the upper part of a brick and by placing the thumb centrally down the face of the brick with the first joints of the fingers on the opposite face, the brick may be securely handled. It is necessary to protect the thumb and the fingers with leather pads which also prevent the skin from rough bricks.