- •Basic english grammar
- •You can’t do without it
- •Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации
- •Basic english grammar
- •Notes to the teacher
- •Presentation of grammar
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercise 10 – oral. Give suggestions . Use Why don’t you?
- •Chapter 5
- •Example: tomorrow
- •1. A: I have two books. Which book do you want?
- •Chapter 6
- •Chapter 7
- •Exercise 1: Complete the sentences in the dialogues. Use the expressions in the list or your own words. Be sure to use a gerund in each sentence.
- •Figure out …………… find a solution to a problem.
- •Get on ………… entera bus, an airplane, a train, a subway, a bicycle.
- •Get off ………… leave a subway, a bicycle, a bus, an airplane, a train.
- •Chapter 8
- •Transitive verbs
- •Intransitive verbs
- •Active Passive
- •Chapter 9
- •Chapter 10
- •Liquids solids gases
- •Chapter 11
- •Noun clauses
- •Assume that hope that realize that
- •Be afraid that be happy that it is true that
- •Chapter 13
- •The true situation making a wish
- •Appendix 1
- •Appendix 2
- •Preposition combinations with verbs and adjectives
- •603000, Н. Новгород, ул. Большая Покровская , 17
Chapter 10
COUNT/NONCOUNT NOUNS AND ARTICLES
10-1 PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
Exercise 1: Give the plural forms of the nouns.
1. one potato, two potatoes 13. a sandwich, some ________________
2. a dormitory, many ______ 14. a man, many __________________
3. one child, two _________ 15. one woman, two ________________
4. a leaf, a lot of ___________ 16. A flash, three __________________
5. a wish, many ____________ 17. one tomato, a few _______________
6. one fish, two ____________ 18. one tooth, two __________________
7. an opinion, several _______ 19. one half, two ____________________
8. a mouse, several _________ 20.. a tax, a lot of _________________
9. a possibility, several ______ 21. a mosquito, a lot of ______________
10. a thief, many ___________ 22. a wolf, some ____________________
11. an attorney, a few ________ 23. one foot, three __________________
12. a butterfly, several _______ 24. one piano, two __________________
Singular Plural one bird two birds one rose three roses |
To make most nouns plural, add –s. |
one dish two dishes one match two matches one class two classes one box two boxes |
Add –es to nouns ending in –sh, -ch, -ss, -x. |
one baby two babies one city two cities |
If a noun ends in a consonant + -y, change the y to i and add es. Note: if –y is preceded by a vowel, add only –s: boys, days. |
one knife two knives one shelf two shelves |
If a noun ends in - fe or –f change the ending to –ves. (Exceptions: beliefs, chiefs, roofs, cuffs).
|
one tomato two tomatoes one zoo two zoos one zero two zeroes |
The plural form of nouns that end in –o is sometimes –oes and sometimes –os. |
one child two children one foot two feet one goose two geese one man two men one mouse two mice one tooth two teeth one woman two women |
Some nouns have irregular plural forms |
one deer two deer one fish two fish one sheep two sheep |
The plural form of some nouns is the same as the singular form. |
1. I ate __________ fruit. 2. I get __________ letters every day.
some a lot of
several some
a little a little
a few too many
too many a lot of
too much a few
a lot of too much
two five
SOME COMMON NONCOUNT NOUNS: WHOLE GROUPS MADE UP OF INDIVIDUAL PARTS
A. clothing B. homework E. English, Arabic
equipment housework grammar
food work slang
fruit C. advice vocabulary
furniture information F. corn
garbage gossip dirt
hardware news dust
jewelry noise flour
machinery D. history grass
mail literature hair
makeup music pepper
money poetry rice
cash psychology salt
change engineering sugar
scenery biology wheat
stuff physics
traffic
Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with the correct form, singular or plural, of the given nouns.
1. chair I bought some chairs.
2. furniture I bought _________________ .
3. fruit There (is, are) ________ fruit on the table.
4. vegetable There (is, are) _________ on the table.
5. clothing I have a lot of _______ in my closet.
6. dress Mary has a lot of ______ in her closet.
7. information There (is, are) a lot of ______ in an encyclopedia.
8. fact There (is, are) a lot of _______ in encyclopedia.
9. grammar I know a lot of ________ .
10. vocabulary I’m learning a lot of new ____________ .
11. slang I want to learn some American __________ .
12. idiom I know a lot of English ________ .
13. traffic There (is, are) a lot of ________ in the street.
14. change I need some ______ for the vending machine.
15. stuff Whose _______ (is, are) (this, these)?
16. makeup When Alice went to the drug store, she bought some _____ .
17. garbage The street is very dirty. There (is, are) some _____ in the street.
MORE NONCOUNT NOUNS
A. LIQUIDS (e.g. water) SOLIDS (e.g. ice) and GASES (e.g. steam)