- •Федеральное агентство по образованию Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского
- •032301 «Регионоведение»
- •Введение
- •Contents
- •The united nations organisation (un)
- •How the un works
- •International Organizations
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Give as much information as possible concerning the following notions:
- •3. Prepare the summary of the text in 10-12 sentences. Use the active vocabulary from the Word Study section.
- •1. Give the definitions of the following words and phrases from the text and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •Un structure
- •1. General Assembly
- •2. Security Council
- •3. Economic and Social Council (ecosoc)
- •4. Trusteeship Council
- •5. International Court of Justice
- •6. Secretariat
- •7.Secretary General
- •8.Agencies Related to the un
- •1. Read the text and say whether these statements are true or false:
- •2. Read the text again and answer the following questions using the active vocabulary:
- •4. Prepare the summary of the text in 20-25 sentences. Use the active vocabulary from the Word Study section.
- •3. Use the lexical units from the exercises above in the sentences of your own.
- •What the un does for peace
- •United Nations Organization Reform
- •Security Council reform must result in profound changes – Assembly President
- •Momentum on Security Council reform must not falter – Assembly President
- •Реформа оон неизбежна
- •Большая перемена
- •The north atlantic treaty organization (nato)
- •What is nato
- •1. Complete the following sentences:
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •1. Translate the following words and word combinations from the text from English into Russian:
- •2. Translate the following words and word combinations from the text from Russian into English:
- •3. Match the words from the first column to the words from the second one:
- •4. Give definitions to the following words and word combinations:
- •5. Use the lexical units from the exercise above in the sentences of your own.
- •6. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using the lexical units from the previous exercises:
- •Nato: Security Challenges and Risks
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •Nato-Russia Relations
- •1. Say whether the statements are true or false. Give the correct variant:
- •2. Answer the questions on the text:
- •3. Comment on the following statements:
- •1. Complete the following table:
- •2. Using the table, speak about the ways of cooperation between nato and Russia.
- •1. Translate the following words and word combinations from English into Russian:
- •2. Translate the following words and word combinations from Russian into English:
- •3. Find the words in the text that correspond to the following:
- •1. Say whether the following statements are true or false:
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •1. Translate the following lexical units from the text from English into Russian, prepare questions with these lexical units, based on the text:
- •2. Translate the following word-combinations from Russian into English, restore the context of their use:
- •3. Find the words and word combinations that mean approximately the same in the text, use these lexical units in the examples of your own:
- •4. Fill in the gaps using the words and word combinations from the previous exercises:
- •5. How do you call people who live in the following countries?
- •The Structure and Objectives of the eu
- •1. Note the pronunciation of the following words:
- •2. Watch the pronunciation and spelling of the words and word-combinations:
- •1. Say whether these statements are true or false:
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •1. Translate the following lexical units from the text from English into Russian, prepare questions with these lexical units, based on the text:
- •2. Translate the following word-combinations from Russian into English, restore the context of their use:
- •3. Find the words and word-combinations that mean approximately the same in the text, use these lexical units in the examples of your own:
- •4. Find the odd-one-out:
- •5. Fill in the gaps of the following sentences using active vocabulary:
- •1. What do theses abbreviations stand for? Characterize each of them:
- •2. Use the following words and word combinations to make up the summary of the text (not less than 15 sentences):
- •1. Основные институты Евросоюза
- •Международные организации
United Nations Organization Reform
Rendering
One of the most important issues of the UN reform today is the reform of the Security Council. Since the 1990s, there has been growing controversy over which countries should have permanent seats on the Council. Some nations believe that other countries beside the original five should be included. For example, Japan and Germany are powerful countries that pay large membership dues and make substantial contributions to the UN, yet they do not have permanent seats. There is no easy solution to this problem. Adding more permanent members creates its own set of complications, including how to decide which countries get a seat and which do not. If Germany joined, three of the permanent members would be European, giving that region an unfair advantage. Several proposals for addressing this problem have been considered, including adding Germany and Japan as permanent members, waiving veto power of the permanent members, and limiting Council membership to one year. Thus far, none of the proposals have been adopted, partly because the present structure works well for the five permanent members and they can veto any changes to it.
Read the following English and Russian articles about the UN reform and render them:
Article 1
Security Council reform must result in profound changes – Assembly President
Security Council reform must be about more than just changing the composition of its membership, General Assembly President Srgjan Kerim says, calling on the body to be “based on an equilibrium of interests rather than a balance of power.” In an opinion column for the United Kingdom-based pan-Arab Al-Hayat newspaper, published yesterday, Mr. Kerim wrote that reform of the Council must lead to “a new culture of international relations” based on full respects for human rights, human security, responsibility to protect and sustainable development.
While changing the Council’s composition is a necessary first step, it should not be viewed as an end in itself.
Instead, Council members should be “ready to share responsibility, willing and able to act to protect human life – as the body of last resort – whatever and wherever the threat may be.”
Mr. Kerim said such ideas are needed because “our present institutional structures are too rigidly anchored in an international system where pre-eminence is given to the State as the primary interlocutor and agent of change.”
He called for renewal of the UN as a whole, for the Bretton Woods institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, and for other international and regional bodies.
Speaking to reporters today at UN Headquarters in New York, Mr. Kerim echoed those remarks.
Council reform, he said, must have “a more profound meaning than just enlargement. It has to mean adaptation of the institutions, of the United Nations above all, and that goes for the General Assembly and the Secretariat as well. It all has to adapt to a new, very different world.”
Yesterday the President told a working group on Council reform that Member States should show “effective flexibility” in their negotiations on reshaping the 15-member body, and ensure that the concerns of all sides are taken into account, especially those currently underrepresented.
April 2008
Article 2