8. Read the text about the longest undergrounds in the world. Compare Novosibirsk Metro line with other undergrounds.

SOME SPOTLIGHTS

The first underground was built in London in 1863. Until 1891 trains were steam-driven.

The oldest underground in continental Europe is in Budapest. It was put into operation in 1986.

The Moscow underground, or Metro, was built in 1935. Today, 11 Soviet cities have their undergrounds - Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev, Tbilisi, Baku, Kharkov, Tashkent, Yerevan, Minsk, Gorky and Novosibirsk. It is planned to build undergrounds in Sverdlovsk, Kuibyshev, Riga and Dneprope­trovsk.

The shortest interval between trains in Moscow Metro is 1 min 20 s. The longest underground route is in New York. It totals 400 km and has 500 stations. The shortest underground is in Istanbul. It is less than a kilometer.

The deepest underground is in Pyongyang. Its tunnels lie at a depth of over 100 metres.

The highest-elevated underground is in Mexico lying at an altitude of 2279 metres above sea level.

The longest landing platform, 1100 metres, is at an underground station in Chicago.

Список литературы:

1. Virginia Evans, Jenny Dooley “Mission: FCE 2”, Express Publishing, 1996.

2. Virginia Evans, “Successful Writing”, Intermediate, Express Publishing, 2000.

3. Английский язык: “Все устные темы для подготовки к выпускному экзамену и ЕЭГ”: 11 класс/ Е.И.Кисунько, Е.С.Музланова. – М.: АСТ: Астрель, 2006, - 479, [1] с.

4. Liz and John Soars, “Headway”, student’s book intermediate, Oxford University Press, 1996.

5. David Mc Dowall, “Britain in Close-up” Pearson Education Limited, 2000.

6. M. McCarthy, F. O’Dell “ English Vocabulary in Use”, Cambridge University Press, 1997.

7. M. Vince, “ First Certificate Language Practice”, Macmillan Heineman, 1996.

8. Е.Б. Ястребова и др. “ Курс английского языка для студентов языковых вузов”, “Экзамен”, Москва, 2003.

9. Я.М. Вовшин, Л.С. Барашовский “ In the World of Business”, “Маркетинг”, Москва, 2001.

10. Jack C. Richards “Interchange”, Student’s Book 3, Cambridge University press, 1991.

11. Shelagh Rixon, Jane Moates , “Tip Top”, Student’s Book 5. Macmillan Publishers, 1994.

CONTENTS

MODULE 1 EDUCATION 2

Introduction 2

UNIT 1 HIGHER EDUCATION IN BRITAIN 3

UNIT 2 STUDENTS’ LIFE IN THE UK (GREAT BRITAIN) 12

UNIT 3 HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA 17

UNIT 4 NOVOSIBIRSK STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY (NSTU) 23

VII 26

IV 26

III 26

V 26

II 26

I 26

VI 26

М 26

М 26

2 26

9 26

7 26

VIII 26

3 26

5 26

6 26

М 26

8 26

K. Marx Prospect 26

I 26

VIII 26

1 26

1 26

7 26

MODULE 2 ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS 29

UNIT 5 POLLUTION 29

UNIT 6 ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF BIG CITIES AND THEIR SOLUTION 37

MODULE 3 CITIES 41

UNIT 7 CITIES AND WORLD-FAMOUS ATTRACTIONS 41

46

MODULE 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 49

UNIT 8 GREAT SCIENTISTS 49

UNIT 9 GREAT INVENTORS AND INVENTIONS 55

UNIT 10 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 61

APPENDIX 66

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS TO Module 1 Education, Unit 2, Task 7 66

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS TO Module 3 Cities 67

Список литературы: 71

4