Active Vocabulary:

bed - дно

hinge - прикреплять на петле; висеть, вращаться на петле

sheave - шкив, блок

mast - мачта

pivot - точка вращения, ось; вращаться

supply - снабжать, доставлять

chassis - шасси, рама, ходовая часть

ram - подъемник, силовой цилиндр

intermediate - промежуточный

provide - обеспечивать, снабжать

braking power - сила торможения

maneuverable - маневренный

articulated - шарнирный

via - через

clam-shell - грейфер

spill - рассыпать

ground clearance - клиренс

safety безопасность

Exercise 1.Answer the following questions:

1. What is a dump truck used for?

2. What is a dump truck equipped with?

3. When was the first dump truck made?

4. How is the dump truck body raised?

5. What are the advantages of a bottom dump?

6. How does a side dump truck empty its body?

7. How is the driver protected?

8. Why is levelling of the truck before unloading necessary?

Exercise 2.Define the functions of Gerund and translate the following sentences:

1. A dump truck is used for transporting loose materials.

2. Steering is accomplished via hydraulic rams.

3. Double and triple bottom dumps allow laying the material without driver’s leaving the cab or stopping the truck.

4. The main disadvantage is the difficulty in backing double and triple units.

5. Another safety consideration is levelling of the truck before unloading.

6. A side dump truck allows rapid unloading.

7. Engineers have various devices for testing building materials.

8. A more recent innovation is outfitting bulldozers with GPS technology.

9. Earthmoving is an important part of every road building.

10. Specialized blades allow using a bulldozer for high volume loads.

Exercise 3.Translate the following sentences, paying attention to ing-forms (define the part of speech and function):

1. Wide tracks help to distribute the vehicle’s weight over a large area, thus

preventing it from sinking in sandy or muddy ground.

2. Cranes are used for the construction of tall buildings.

3. The first mechanical power was supplied by steam engines, the earliest steam

crane being introduced in the 19-th century.

4. Loader tractors were created by removing the blade and substituting a large

volume bucket, thus making it useful for scooping up earth and loading it into

trucks.

5. Modifications to the original bulldozer include making it smaller.

6. At present, most equipment uses hydraulics as a primary source of transferring

power.

7. The use of heavy equipment has a long interesting history.

8. A bulldozer is used to push large quantities of material during construction

work.

9. Light transportation of building materials, digging holes, breaking asphalt and

paving roads are some of the jobs accomplished by backhoe loaders.

10. Potentially flying goods must be covered to prevent loose materials from flying

outside the bed while the truck is moving.

Exercise 4.Translate the text without a dictionary:

Text B

SPECIALIZED DUMP TRUCKS

Dump trucks speed up unloading operations and require the services of only few helpers.

Dump trucks have proved highly efficient when large quantities of bulk load have to be conveyed over short distances, a feature typical of any construction site.

Dump trucks are always emptied by means of hydraulic hoists. Hydraulic hoists may be provided with one or two cylinders arranged, as a rule, under the body. The cylinders may be arranged vertically, horizontally or in an inclined plane. The cylinders may raise the body directly or through lever type system.

When the trucks follow in a continuous stream, side dumping allows the use of trailers or semi-trailers with self-dumping bodies. Side dumpers are discharged by telescopic hydraulic cylinders.

Telescopic cylinders are also very convenient in three-side dumpers.

Dump trucks are designed with special bodies. Practical experience shows that all-metal bodies with the rear open are most durable.

Notes:

bulk - объемный

prove - доказывать, оказываться

arrange - приводить в порядок, располагать