Начертательная геометрия

11. ' %

'

221

= . 11.4

222

.

/ " -, , -+ , -D' ( ), + ," ( . 11.5).

@ ". @.

@ + - D + D' + -, ' .

$ - D DD + ,+ .

= . 11.5

" (-' " ) D - " " " . ( -' ' " D ( . 11.5, . 11.6, ), – , – -( . 11.6, ).

& " D + - , " " – +

11. ' % '

223

. / + , .

; + D' -D' " D , -0,25 ( D' ( -– 0,2 ).

@ D' " D " " D D.D + ( . 11.6, ).

/ ,, D " D . / -" – , D ) D.

= . 11.6

11.3. % % ) %- &+" =>'- " +" &"

D ,. &, D , '( ( . 11.1).

# ( " " -" , zd ' D D' :

224

.

D , + ;

D ( ;

D " : + , ' , ;

D ) D -;

D .

( " - " , - D :

D D -+ . / "+ , + D + "- . "+ D D- ' : + " D dl + . C da -+ + , . . d = d +2l;

) D D " -%#$ 9563-79. /, + " D - + .

@ D' -:

1 – : 1; 1,25; 2; 2,5; 3; 4; 5; 6; 8; 10; 12; 16; 20; 2 – : 1,125; 1,375; 1,75; 2,25; 2,75; 3,5; 7,0; 11; 14; 18.

I " ;

D ( " ;

" "

. * D D + " ,. B D .

11. ' % '

225

@ . 11.7 " - " . @ ' -+ -( " . (+ . -" .

= . 11.7

226

.

11.4. " %- &+" =>'- " +" &"

& ' ( D - ) – , 5 ,

D' D, D + D " ( . 11.8).

!" D D' D : + – "

5 , + – , +f – . 0 D ,

D' D' " - . = D 5 , , -" " , -+ " . !" D- ' D D ,.

+a +f +

,

-a -f

= . 11.8

+ " " – + " -" " , D'. D , , +D ' D + .

! " " –, " " -" , .

11. ' % '

227

= ( + " -. =+ + D '. $ (&) .

? ", D + " " D. = D , ,, + " " .

- + + D: 5 ( de), 5 5 ( d e) 5 -( dfe).

C "me, z, " " + +b. # " " -" - , " " .

" D " " -() " ). @ D +" , " + D' - " . @ ( D' D D'D' – - D' + " " . $D – + " . @ " D' D " (ha) (hf) .

# + D' " + D b (+ ).D' " ,D' D " " .

@ ' ,+ .

! " " -) D , " " . @ . 11.9 . 11.10.

228

.

= . 11.9

11. ' %

'

229

= . 11.10

230

.

11.5. *-* # )-

" . - ' , , .

" , " " . , - D , D . % —( , ( . 11.3, ). ) D 1- , ! . M , -ZA, D ) " =20° ( . 11.11), , , - )M . " ( . 11.12) - D D ( D " , ).

= . 11.11

= . 11.12