Начертательная геометрия
.pdf7. % |
121 |
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$ 7.4 |
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122 |
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+ -
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+ , ,+ , -" " ) " 12 ;
-+ .
@ . 7.3 ,: + , + , + - ' + .
= . 7.3
7.7. / ( l %k (
" - D + ) . + )+ -%#$ 2.304-81.
# + ) :
h – 5 – , -D ;
c – 1 ;
g – 5 – + + ;
d – % 5 – + ) . %#$ D' 5:
M (d=1/14h);
M 75 (d=1/14h);N (d=1/10h);
N 75 (d=1/10h) , -. 7.5.
%#$ D' 5: (1,8); 2,5; 3,5; 5; 7; 10; 14; 20; 28; 40,
+ ) 1,8 N.
7. % |
123 |
+ ) D , , " ) , ) , . @ . 7.4 " , " + ) ) .
D ) , D -. & , )( D . % - . I " -.
" ) -+ ) N 75° ( . 7.5).
$ 7.5
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= + ) |
h |
(10/10)h |
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10d |
2,5 |
3,5 |
5,0 |
7,0 |
10,0 |
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c |
(7/10)h |
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7d |
1,8 |
2,5 |
3,5 |
5,0 |
7,0 |
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= - |
a |
(2/10)h |
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2d |
0,5 |
0,7 |
1,0 |
1,4 |
2,0 |
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b |
(17/10)h |
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17d |
4,3 |
6,0 |
8,5 |
12 |
17 |
+ " |
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; . |
e |
(6/10)h |
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6d |
1,5 |
2,1 |
3,0 |
4,2 |
6,0 |
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$ ' |
d |
(1/10)h |
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d |
0,3 |
0,4 |
0,5 |
0,7 |
1,0 |
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+ :
1.= , -( , M$), + - , . . ' d + ) .
2.; e ,, D' .
C + ) D " D , D D . ? " "' d + ) .
124 |
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C " ,D ) . @ '" ) -. = + ). 7.6.
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$ 7.6 |
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D * ! C |
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2,5 |
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3,5 |
5,0 |
7,0 |
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1 |
(3/10)h |
3d |
0,8 |
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1,1 |
1,5 |
2,1 |
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3,0 |
4 |
(4,5/10)h |
4,5d |
1,1 |
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1,6 |
2,3 |
3,2 |
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4,5 |
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2,3,5,6,7,8,9,0 |
(5/10)h |
5d |
1,3 |
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1,8 |
2,5 |
3,5 |
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5,0 |
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` |
(10/10)h |
10d |
2,5 |
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3,5 |
5,0 |
7,0 |
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10 |
? |
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(5/10)h |
5d |
1,3 |
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1,8 |
2,5 |
3,5 |
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5,0 |
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(6/10)h |
6d |
1,5 |
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2,1 |
3,0 |
4,2 |
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6,0 |
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3,2,~,•,<,€,•,6,‚ |
(6/10)h |
6d |
1,5 |
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2,1 |
3,0 |
4,2 |
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6,0 |
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,0,",„,†,‡ |
(7/10)h |
7d |
1,8 |
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2,5 |
3,5 |
4,9 |
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7,0 |
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ˆ,9,‰,Š |
(8/10)h |
8d |
2,0 |
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2,8 |
4,0 |
5,6 |
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8,0 |
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(4/10)h |
4d |
1,0 |
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1,4 |
2,0 |
2,8 |
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4,0 |
? |
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(4,5/10)h |
4,5d |
1,1 |
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1,6 |
2,3 |
3,2 |
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4,5 |
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(5/10)h |
5d |
1,3 |
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1,8 |
2,5 |
3,5 |
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5,0 |
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, , , ,1, , ,‹, ,!, |
(5/10)h |
5d |
1,3 |
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1,8 |
2,5 |
3,5 |
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5,0 |
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(6/10)h |
6d |
1,5 |
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2,1 |
3,0 |
4,2 |
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6,0 |
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(7/10)h |
7d |
1,8 |
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2,5 |
3,5 |
4,9 |
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7,0 |
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I |
(1/10)h |
d |
0,3 |
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0,4 |
0,5 |
0,7 |
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1,0 |
? |
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J |
(4/10)h |
4d |
1,0 |
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1,4 |
2,0 |
2,8 |
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4,0 |
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C,E,F,L |
(5/10)h |
5d |
1,3 |
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1,8 |
2,5 |
3,5 |
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5,0 |
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B,D,G,H,K,N,O |
(6/10)h |
6d |
1,5 |
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2,1 |
3,0 |
4,2 |
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6,0 |
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P,QR,S,T,U,Z, |
(6/10)h |
6d |
1,5 |
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2,1 |
3,0 |
4,2 |
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6,0 |
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A,M,V,X,Y |
(7/10)h |
7d |
1,8 |
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2,5 |
3,5 |
4,9 |
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7,0 |
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W |
(9/10)h |
9d |
2,2 |
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3,1 |
4,5 |
6,3 |
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9,0 |
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i |
(1/10)h |
d |
0,3 |
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0,4 |
0,5 |
0,7 |
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1,0 |
? |
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l |
(2/10)h |
2d |
0,5 |
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0,7 |
1,0 |
1,4 |
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2,0 |
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j |
(3/10)h |
3d |
0,8 |
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1,1 |
1,5 |
2,1 |
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3,0 |
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c,f,r,t |
(4/10)h |
4d |
1,0 |
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1,4 |
2,0 |
2,8 |
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4,0 |
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a,b,d,e,g,h,k,n |
(5/10)h |
5d |
1,3 |
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1,8 |
2,5 |
3,5 |
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5,0 |
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o,p,q,s,u,v,x,y,z |
(5/10)h |
5d |
1,3 |
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1,8 |
2,5 |
3,5 |
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5,0 |
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m,w |
(7/10)h |
7d |
1,8 |
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2,5 |
3,5 |
4,9 |
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7,0 |
7. % |
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125 |
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= . 7.4
@ D ' -. - ' D ' ( . 7.5).
* , ) " " -+ ) D D + .
C , , D + ) + , + ) - , " .
126 |
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= . 7.5
7.8. '"=-% : % "
; D( . # D - ) , : ' 40 8 '2 1050-88.
% ) %#$ 2.306-68 , " -( . 7.7).
$ 7.7
" !
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1. ;
2. @ , - , , D-
3. C
4. &
5. &
6. N
7. "
8. O
9. %
10.
7. % |
127 |
' + -+ 1 10 . #+.
!" + – 45 . @-D , -" . / + -, " -+ D 30 60 -" .
C , + -+ , + " ++ . @ + ( .
C + " D , " " – . -D , + " + ( . 7.6).
C " + + D " .
! ' , + 2 , D 0,8 ( . 7.7).
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= . 7.6 |
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= . 7.7 |
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! ' ( , + - ), + 2 4 , +-D . # D ' + +( . 7.8). ( + ( . 7.9) 15 – 20 + -.
128 |
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= . 7.8 |
= . 7.9 |
"# "&( ) * & :"+" " *
1.& ) " M4?
2.) 594 ?
3.'%#$ 2.303-68?
4.& + ?
5.& D ' +?
6.& ' ?
7.& + ) ?
8.& " + ) %#$?
9.& ?
10./ + + , -, ( , " )-( ?
11.& D ? &?
12.& + ? 13. " + ? & -
+ ?
14.& + -
?
15.& + D ' ?
8
;
8.1. & " ( #" "/ %* % "# ) %*
' " ( " , D' . ( " +" -.
– , " –.D , - D + , "-.
%#$ 2.305-68. * - D " ( " ) . I -D -H, V W, . B - D " . " D - D D' D ." " – / («- »). B = + .
?M, M " " " D D –" " , M (« »).
C - " * # (ISO) -" ( . 8.1). ID. -.
/ |
M |
= . 8.1
130 |
. |
|
# " * * (" ) |
( " ' DD " " . - D' D " .
? " D . ' ", D . * )D . B 1 .
= . 8.2 |
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= . 8.3 |
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= . 8.4
@ . 8.2 " , D' -(" ). I DD " D) D . " " ' D' " ( . 8.3). D - , D D' + ( . 8.4).
= ( ) " "D-