7. If possible, rewrite these newspaper headlines as passive sentences. Begin each sentence with It has been … that.. . If it is not possible write X after the headline.

1. Discovery that aspirin can help fight cancer.

2. Agreement that UN will send in troops.

3. Aid workers yell of massacre.

4. “Earth shrinking by ten meters each year” claim scientists.

5. Earthquake calculated to have cost $3 billion.

6. Young people encouraged to apply for government grants.

7. Reports of rebel troops entering capital.

8.Tony has taken his old car in for an inspection. The news is not good. Read what he was told and report it using a passive +to-infinitive.

1. We have discovered that the brakes are badly worn.

2. We consider that the petrol tank is dangerous.

3. We think that the electrical system is a fire hazard.

4. We expect the repairs to be very expensive indeed.

LISTENING

Import-Export

Part One

Questions 1-15

Conversation One (Questions 1-5)

• You are going to hear an economist talking about free trade

• Write one letter (A-H) next to the number of the recording.

• Don`t use any letter more than once.

Free trade…

1… A. allows people to export their goods

2… B. stimulates competition

3… C. allows companies to grow

4… D. promotes world peace and understanding

5… E. encourages travel

F. keeps prices down

G. creates wealth

H. helps domestic manufacturers to survive

Conversation Two (Questions 6-8)

• Read the tip about comparative advantage

Comparative advantage

An economic theory which claims that all countries will be better off if each of them concentrates on doing the things it does best. For example, a country that produces cotton and cotton textiles efficiently and cheaply should concentrate on this.

• Now listen to part B and for each question (6-8) choose one letter

(A, B or C) for the correct answer.

6. What examples of comparative advantage are given?

A. Manufacturers in countries with small populations can find new markets which will allow them to expand.

B. They may have a natural resource like coal or rubber, or a climate which is perfect for growing bananas.

C. Some companies dump their goods in importing countries.

7. How can countries without clear or natural comparative advantage succeed?

A. Import the things they produce less well.

B. Create competition between producers.

C. Concentrate on doing the things they do best.

8. What country is a good example of this?

A. Uzbekistan is a good example of this.

B. Georgia is a good example of this.

C. Uzbekistan and Singapore.

Conversation Three (Questions 9-15)

• Listen and complete the gaps in the sentences.

Protectionism is justified for developing countries when they want to start (9) ______. This helps them become less dependent on (10)______ and this is good for the country`s (11)_______ . Protectionism is even justified for developed countries when they have problems with (12) _______, for example, when aggressive competitors (13) _______. The competitor doesn`t make (14) _______ but it (15) ________.

Part Two

Section One (Questions 16-22)

• John Buchanan is calling Mandy Forbes of Forbes Stationary Suppliers to order stationery for his company

• Listen and complete the delivery note extract.

Quantity	Description	Price	Total
10	(17)… gram packets photocopy paper (500 sheets)	$ 5.20	(21)… $
1	Box of OHP film (18)… sheets)	(19)… $	(22)… $
(16)…	Packs OHP pens permanent	(20)… $	$19.40
			$ 103.90

Section Two

Questions 23-30

• Elena Furia, a teacher at an international school in Italy, is calling New Traditions, a sport equipment manufacturer and supplier in California, for some information.

• Listen again and complete these questions.

1. (23) _____________, Ms Furia?

2. (24) ____________to know?

3. (25) ____________ interested in?

4. (26) ____________ to send me a quotation?

• Now match these answers a-e with the questions. Write your answers here.

1. (27)_______.

2. (28)_______.

3. (29) _______.

4. (30) _______.

1. Well, I was wondering if you had a stockiest in Italy.

2. I could give you a discount for three sets but the transportation costs could be high.

3. I`ve read the information on your website about the bike polo equipment.

4. I`ll send you a pro forma invoice.

5. I`d like to know your price for …

SPEAKING