- •Кафедра іноземних мов
- •Донецьк 2009
- •Ббк 65 я 73
- •Contents
- •My speciality. Manager………………………………………….…...19
- •§ 1. Артикль (the article)………………………………….........................170
- •Передмова
- •Introduction
- •Мовленєвий практикум Communication
- •1. The economy of ukraine
- •2. The economy of the usa
- •3. The economy of great britain Lead-in:
- •What is Britain’s economy based on?
- •4. My university
- •5. My speciality. Economist
- •6. My speciality. Manager
- •7. Market
- •8. Company structure
- •9. Forms of business
- •10. Business strategy
- •11. Franchising
- •12. Goods manager
- •13. My speciality. Marketing manager
- •14. My speciality. Customs inspector
- •15. Marketing and promotion
- •16. Types of goods
- •17. Advertising
- •18. Exhibitions and fairs
- •19. My speciality. Accounting and audit
- •20. My speciality. Finance and credit
- •21. My specialty. Banking
- •22. Imf and the world bank
- •23. The banking industry
- •24. Money
- •25. Taxation
- •26. Stock exchange
- •Тексти та вправи Texts and exercises
- •Introducing economics
- •Command economy command economy with some household choice
- •Market economy
- •Fig.1. Simple models of economic system.
- •Summarizing.
- •Viewpoint:
- •The government and market systems
- • Comprehension:
- •Viewpoint:
- •How markets work
- • Comprehension:
- •Viewpoint:
- •Demand and supply
- • Comprehension:
- •Summarizing.
- •Viewpoint:
- •Inflation and deflation
- •Viewpoint:
- •6. Market leaders, challengers and followers
- •Viewpoint:
- •7. Company finance, ownership and management
- •Viewpoint:
- •Summarizing.
- •Viewpoint:
- •Futures, options and swaps
- • Comprehension:
- •Summarizing. Complete the following sentences to summarize the text above:
- •Viewpoint:
- •Buyouts
- •“You can’t buy a company merely by buying its shares”
- •Viewpoint:
- •Principles of taxation
- •Viewpoint:
- •Types of taxes
- •Viewpoint:
- •Foreign direct investment
- •Summarizing:
- •Viewpoint:
- •Accounting and bookkeeping
- •Viewpoint:
- •Accounting and financial nationalments
- •Summarizing:
- •Text organization:
- •Viewpoint:
- •Types of financial satatements
- •Summarizing:
- •Viewpoint:
- •Current account and capital account
- •Complete the following sentences to summarize the text above:
- •Auditing
- •Summarizing:
- •Text organization:
- •Viewpoint:
- •Marketing
- • Comprehension:
- •Summarizing:
- •Viewpoint:
- •The centrality of marketing
- •Is fitting the market to the product.”
- •Viewpoint:
- •Advertizing
- •Summarizing:
- •Text organization:
- •Viewpoint:
- •The business cycle
- • Comprehension:
- •Summarizing:
- •Viewpoint:
- •Macroeconomics
- •Summarizing:
- •Viewpoint:
- •A medium of exchange
- • Comprehension:
- •Summarizing:
- •Viewpoint:
- •Money and banks
- •I had almost said timidity, is the life of banking”
- •Summarizing:
- •Viewpoint:
- •Banking and financial services
- •In great britain
- •Viewpoint:
- •Management
- •Summarizing:
- •Viewpoint:
- •International business
- • Comprehension:
- •Summarizing:
- •Viewpoint:
- •International trade
- •Summarizing: Complete the following sentences to summarize the text above:
- •Viewpoint:
- •Excellent; good; average; poor;
- •31. International trade. Specialization among nations
- •Summarizing:
- •Viewpoint:
- •32. Protectionism and free trade
- • Comprehension:
- •Complete the following sentences to summarize the text above:
- •Viewpoint:
- •33. International oranizations and free trade
- •Viewpoint:
- •Free trade and developing countries
- •Summarizing: Complete the following sentences to summarize the text above:
- •Viewpoint:
- •Economics and ecology
- •Кліше для реферування та анотування Clichés and useful phrases for annotations:
- •For abstracts:
- •Граматичний довідник Grammar reference
- •§ 1. Артикль (the article)
- •§ 2. Іменник (the noun) множина іменників
- •Відмінок (the case)
- •§ 3. Прикметник (the adjective)
- •§ 4. Сполучники as...As, not so...As, than при утворенні ступенів порівняння прикметників
- •§ 5. Числівник (the numeral)
- •Календарні дати
- •§ 6. Займенник (the pronoun)
- •Неозначені займенники
- •§7. Дієслово (the verb)
- •Часи дієслова (tenses)
- •Спосіб дієслова (the mood)
- •Стан дієслова (the voice)
- •Пасивний стан (the passive voice)
- •Особливості вживання речень у пасивному стані в англійській мові
- •Переклад речень з дієсловом у пасивному стані
- •Неозначений час в активному і пасивному стані (The indefinite (Simple) tense, active and passive voice)
- •I am not a student. Я не студент. Вживання
- •Пасивний стан
- •Утворення
- •Вживання
- •Пасивний стан
- •Утворення
- •Вживання
- •Тривалий час в активному
- •Вживання
- •Пасивний стан
- •Утворення
- •Пасивний стан
- •Вживання
- •Перфектний час в активному і пасивному стані (The perfect tense, active and passive voice)
- •Утворення
- •Вживання
- •Пасивний стан
- •Утворення
- •Вживання
- •Пасивний стан
- •Утворення
- •Вживання
- •Вживання
- •§ 8. Дієприкметник
- •(The participle)
- •Дієприкметник теперішнього часу
- •(The present participle)
- •Дієприкметник минулого часу (the past participle) утворення
- •Вживання
- •Функції
- •Перфектний дієприкметник (the perfect participle)
- •Значення та вживання
- •Самостійний дієприкметниковий зворот (the absolute participial construction)
- •§ 9. Інфінітив (the infinitive)
- •Об'єктний інфінітивний комплекс (the objective infinitive complex)
- •Суб'єктний інфінітивний комплекс (the subjective infinitive complex)
- •Прийменниковий інфінітивний комплекс
- •Модальне дієслово can
- •Дієслово may
- •Дієслово must
- •Модальні дієслова should, ought
- •§ 11. Порядок слів в англійському реченні розповідні речення (word order. Affirmative sentences)
- •§ 12. Питальні речення (interrogative sentences)
- •§ 13. Узгодження часів у додатковому підрядному реченні (sequences of tenses)
- •§ 14. Безсполучникові підрядні речення (asyndetic affirmative sentences)
- •§ 15. Умовні речення (conditional sentences)
- •Таблиця неправильних дієслів
- •Граматичні вправи
- •II. Вживання часів Passive Voice
- •Ііі. Модальні дієслова
- •Іv. Інфінітив
- •Вправа 2. Визначте функцію інфінітиву у реченнях. Перекладіть їх на рідну мову.
- •Вправа 3. Вставте "to" де потрібно. Перекладіть речення на рідну мову.
- •Вправа 7. Вставити "to" де потрібно. Перекладіть речення на рідну мову.
- •Вправа 8. Знайдіть Complex Object. Перекладіть речення на рідну мову.
- •Вправа 13. Знайдіть Complex Subject у наступних реченнях. Перекладіть речення на рідну мову.
- •Вправа 16. Перекладіть речення на рідну мову.
- •V. Дієприкметник Вправа 1. Складіть п’ять речень з кожної таблиці.
- •Вправа 4. Знайдіть дієприкметники, встановіть їх форму і функцію. Перекладіть речення на рідну мову.
- •Вправа 8. Замінити наступні складні речення дієприкметниковими конструкціями. Перекладіть речення на рідну мову.
- •Model: The boys who live in this house formed a football team. – The boys living in this house formed a football team.
- •Вправа 17. Перефразуйте наступні речення, використовуючи Absolute Participle Complex. Перекладіть речення на рідну мову.
- •Вправа 18. Знайдіть дієприкметникові комплекси. Перекладіть речення на рідну мову.
- •VI. Ступені порівняння
- •VII. Слова - замінники
- •Vііі. Безсполучникові речення
- •IX. Умовні речення
- •Вправа 8. Утворіть умовні речення. Перекладіть речення на рідну мову.
- •Список використаної літератури references
- •Economics Nowadays
14. My speciality. Customs inspector
Lead-in:
1. Goods Management – товарознавство
2. Customs Activity – митна справа
3. cargo – вантаж
4. to prevent smuggling – запобігти контрабанди
5. various duties – різноманітні збори
6. drug law enforcement – виконання закону про наркотики
I am a student of the faculty of Marketing, Trade an Customs Activity at Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after M.Tugan-Baranovsky. There are 3 departments here: the department of Marketing, Goods Management and Customs Activity.
My speciality is Customs inspector. Until recently Ukraine had no institution to train Customs specialists. But now some higher educational establishments, and Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade among them, train such specialists.
The work of Customs inspectors is very important and many-sided. They deal with passengers, cargoes, transport. The passengers going through customs have to declare certain items they are bringing into the country. Customs inspectors are trained to recognize the passengers who are carrying things into a country illegally to prevent smuggling.
As with merchandise processing, modern computer technology and communications are being used extensively to facilitate the processing of the ever – increasing numbers of travellers entering different countries.
Besides, working with passengers, checking imports and exports there are many other types of work done by Customs inspector. They control payments of various duties, see that appropriate licences are held, inspect the books and accounts and see that the right amount of tax is paid.
According to Customs regulations, one of the duties of a Customs inspector is to prevent drug smuggling. Drug smuggling is a very serious problem nowadays. Drug traffickers use any and every means of transport to smuggle drugs from source area to their market destination.
There are many effective ways of detecting cases of drug smuggling but the best tool for drug law enforcement is a well-trained and experienced Customs experts. The majority of the drugs seized resulted from the work of such officers.
In order to be specialists our students study foreign languages, mathematics, chemistry, psychology. Cooperation between Customs services in different countries is an important element in this work, that is why foreign languages are very important for Customs inspectors. Besides, great attention is paid to special subjects.
I like my future speciality and I think that we, young specialists, must do all we can to meet the requirements of Ukraine in full.
Questions for comprehension check-up and discussion:
What is the name of your faculty?
What are the names of your faculty’s departments?
What is the name of your speciality?
What is the work of Customs inspectors connected with?
What is the most important duty of Customs inspectors?
What subjects do you study?
15. Marketing and promotion
Lead-in:
storage – зберігання, склад
customer purchasing power – купівельна спроможність покупця
marketing research – маркетингове дослідження
promotion – просування товару
to persuade – переконувати
marketing mix – структура маркетингу
Marketing is an activity that includes different kinds of business dealings with the movement of goods and services from producer to consumer. It is a very complex process. It includes such activities as product planning, storage, buying, pricing, promotion, selling, traffic, distribution of ideas and research. The aim of marketing is to find out what the other person wants, then manufacture it for him.
So marketing is the management function which organizes and directs all business activities involved in assessing and converting customer purchasing power into effective demand for a specific product or service so as to achieve the profit, target or other objectives set by a company. Those who produce must know what goods and services, where, for what prices, why, for what purpose their customers would like to buy.
Marketing research in this respect helps producers very much. A marketer must determine what customer needs are. It’s done by way of market segmentation. Every market can be divided into segments or, in other words, into separate groups of consumers. First, there are demographic factors like age, income, educational background, occupation, size of family, type of home and neighbourhood, etc. Then there are psychographic factors – the customer’s opinions and interests, hobbies, vacation spots, favourite spots, etc.
The ABC of marketing is the so-called Marketing Mix. It consists of 4 elements: product, price, place and promotion.
Place means the location of certain goods and services and their distribution.
Promotion includes all kinds of communications in marketing, say, advertising, sales, direct mail, free additions and fairs. The primary objectives of promotion are to inform consumers (potential customers) of the existence of certain goods, and services, to demonstrate their advantages and to persuade the consumer to buy them.
The third element of Marketing Mix is Product. It is often connected with research and development of a new product or service, testing it, searching the potential markets and introduction to the market.
Product is the most controllable of the 4 elements of Marketing Mix.
The most changeable element of all the 4 is Price. As prices rise, we can buy fewer things or only things of lesser quality; on the contrary, as prices fall, customers can buy more things or things of better quality.
Questions for comprehension check-up and discussion:
What is marketing?
What is the aim of marketing?
What segments can every market be divided into?
What is the ABC of marketing?
What does Marketing Mix consist of?
What is promotion?
What is the most changeable element of Marketing Mix?