LESSON 7

Выражение просьбы или приказания, обращенных к первому ил˝и третьему лицу при помощи глагола “let”. Сравнение времен The Prese˝nt Simple Tense и The Present Continuous Tense.

Read and translate the poem. Learn it by heart.

LEISURE

What is this life if, full of care,

We have no time to stand and stare!

No time to stand beneath the boughs,2

And stare as long as sheep and cows.

No time to see, when woods3 we pass,

Where squirrels4 hide their nuts in grass,

No time to see, in broad daylight,5

Streams6 full of stars, like skies at night

No time to turn at Beauty’s glance,7

And watch her feet, how they can dance.

No time to wait till her mouth can

Enrich that smile her eyes began.

A poor life this is if, full of care,

We have no time to stand and stare.

W. H. Davies (1871—1940)

1.stare – пристально смотреть

2.beneath the boughs – под ветвями

3.woods – ëåñà

4.sqirrels– белки

5. in broad daylight – в разгар дня

6. Streams – Ручьи

7. to turn at Beauty’s glance – çä. восторгаться сверканием Красоты

Text 1

Read the text. Translate it and make up 10 questions of all possible types on it. Retell the text. Tell your group-mates how you spend your spare time.

Leisure

When we have time for leisure, we usually need something that can amuse and interest us. There are several ways to do this.

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People use radio or television. They switch on the radio set or TV set and choose the programme they like best. Some people like music. They listen to various concerts of modern and old music, new and old songs, and see dances. Those who are fond of sports listen to or watch football and hockey matches. These are the most popular kinds of sports. There are a lot of fans among people. They can also see championships in athletics and other kinds of sports. Everybody likes to see skating and dancing on the ice. Radio and television extend our knowledge about the world in which we live. Television helps us to “visit” different lands, see new plants, animals, unusual birds, fish and insects, mountains and valleys, lakes, rivers, and seas. We can see different countries, cities and towns and people who live there. On TV people can even see both sides of the Moon. This is what we can do at home.

If we want to go out, there are a lot of cinemas, theatres, museums, Houses of Culture and clubs in our country where we can spend our free time.

In big cities like Moscow and St. Petersburg it is often difficult to decide where to go in the evening. Newspapers tell us what is on at cinemas and theatres. If you are a theatre-goer, you will choose a play you want to see. If you are a film fan, you will go to a cinema. When new interesting plays are on, it is not easy to get tickets, because the theatres play to full houses every night. Then you must book tickets.

In small towns and villages they have no actors of their own. So they invite a group of actors from a big town or a city to show plays. Everyone likes to see the plays.

Cinema has really become the most popular kind of art. Films are shown in cinemas, clubs, and Houses of Culture. Young and old people like to see films very much, and when a good film is on, the house is usually full.

In small towns and villages both Houses of Culture and clubs are the centres of cultural activities which are carried out in different sections. Those who like to dance join a dancing section. Those who are interested in music join a musical section where they are taught to play different musical instruments. People who are fond of sports can join sport sections, such as football, skiing, boating, chess, and others. The art section is one of the most popular with the people, because they can learn to create beautiful things there. Some members are taught to paint, and they organize local exhibitions of their paintings. The others grow flowers and take part in town and region flowershows. Old traditions are coming to life. In some villages they build “Huts on a hen’s legs”, taverns in the old Russian style such as “Lubava” on the way from Moscow to Novgorod, where people can meet their friends, have pleasant talks, eat Russian food and listen to Russian music.

So you can see how interesting are the ways in which you can spend your leisure time.

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Text 2

Read the following text. Tell your group-mates about your hobby. Then write a letter to your pen-friend about your hobby.

Hobbies for Pleasure

Nowadays everybody knows that people are very busy and don’t have much time to spare. Sometimes it’s only the weekend. So let’s treasure every hour we can devote to ourselves and think of the ways of having a good time in the best way possible for us.

There are people who want to broaden and enrich their knowledge during their free time. If you are among them, go to the library or reading-hall where you can find a lot of books of your favourite writers and poets, or to the museums and picture galleries where you see the works of well-known painters and sculptors of all times. You shouldn’t forget the computer – your greatest helper in searching for knowledge.

If you want to be strong and healthy, go in for sports. There are many sports clubs, swimming-pools, gymnasiums and sports grounds for everybody who loves sports. Sport will make you not only healthier and stronger, but kinder, more sociable, cheerful and even wiser. Sport will give you its strength and energy and you’ll become a greater admirer of life with all its problems and wonders.

And don’t forget about hobbies. You should have at least one, it’ll help you to relax, dream and enjoy life better. There are so many hobbies to choose. So, look around more carefully and you’ll find your own and the only one (or even more). And then you’ll enjoy sweet melodies at the Concert Hall of chamber music, a ballet at the Opera House, a play at the Drama Theatre, a beautiful place beside a river or somewhere else. And then isn’t it a pleasure to see lots of things made with your own hands, to look through a large collection of old and rare coins, books or stamps, to present your friends with the pictures and – drawings created by yourself, to amuse everyone with your green winter garden at home?

Tastes differ and if you have chosen a hobby according to your character and taste you are lucky. If not, don’t waste your time and your life will become more interesting.

Travelling is also a good way to spend your spare time. Visiting new places, seeing sights and meeting new people is a very exciting and useful relaxation. Those who prefer a quiet holiday can go hiking. Your family or your friends are the very people to go with to the river bank, to the forest or to the seashore. It’s really wonderful to put up a tent, make a bonfire and spend time in a picturesque place.

People are always dreamers, our dreams are different but everyone can find his own way of enjoying his pastime.

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Text 3

Here is a story about your friend’s leisure time but the different parts are in the wrong order. Can you put them in the right order?

as I am free I like to go outdoors, Fresh air does people a lot of good, and enjoy going for a walk very much.

And, of course, we like to travel in winter, when everything is white

I like to spend my free time together with my friend. We have very much in common and we know how to spend our spare time.

to get ready for work and study later.

Leisure time

We have a lot of work nowadays both at the university and at home. I think, there must be time for everything: time for work and time for rest.

I do not have much free time, but as soon

and thrillers. After such films we usually discuss them, what we liked and what we hated.

with snow. Then we like to ski down the mountains and hills. The air is so fresh in winter!

books. I can read for hours on end and that’s why I always look forward to vacations.

Summer makes the best season for rest and leisure. Bathing, staying by the river, getting a splendid sun-tan help holiday-makers

We have a good rest together. We usually go to the cinema. We both enjoy detective films

But most of all I enjoy reading books when I get free time. I’m extremely fond of reading

ORAL PRACTICE

1. When you have an occasion to celebrate, you may want to invite people to a party. What are the ways of making invitations (or suggestions)? What does one say accepting or refusing an invitation/suggestion? The following phrases will help you to find an answer to these questions.

A. Making an invitation (suggestion)

Will you ...?

Would you like (to) ...?

Do you want to …?

Why not …? (casual)

Let’s … .

	over for the weekend
	to the cinema tonight
Come/go	dancing/swimming
	on a holiday with me

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B. 1. Acceptance I’d love to.

like to very much.

With pleasure.

Willingly.

I’ll be delighted.

I’m all for it.

That’s settled.

I will/would/do. Thank you.

I don’t mind.

If you want (me to). (indifferent)

If you (‘d) like (me to)

2. Refusal

Thank you, but I’m afraid I’ll be busy. That’s very kind of you, but I can’t. Sorry, I’ve got things to do.

(I’m afraid)(I’m sorry)I can’t. No, thanks.

No, I won’t/wouldn’t/don’t. (emphatic) Certainly not.

2. A. Politely accept or refuse the following invitations.

1. Would you like to come to the theatre this evening? 2. Could you come to a party at my place next Thursday? 3. Come over to our place this weekend, will you?

4. Would you like to come with us? There is plenty of room in the car.

B. Respond to the following suggestions.

1. Would you have another cup of coffee? 2. Would you please help me with this? 3. Would you like to go now or will we wait till the end? 4. Call me up at my office any time you like. 5. What would you say to an ice-cream after dinner? 6. Let’s meet at the entrance to the exhibition. 7. Why not arrange everything now and not postpone it till tomorrow?

C. Invite someone to:

1. see a film/a play/a football game. 2. go for a walk with you. 3. have a cup of tea/coffee. 4. give you a ring. 5. go out with you one evening.

He/she will accept or refuse.

3. Read the following conversation a) to yourself, b) in pairs.

A.Hello ... (say name).

B.Hello ... (say name).

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A.Look, I wanted to ask you ... I wonder if you could come out to lunch with me some day.

B.Thank you, I’d like to very much.

A.How about tomorrow?

B.I’m afraid I’ve arranged to meet my sister.

A.What about Thursday then?

B.Just a minute, let me see. Yes, Thursday would be fine.

A.Good. Let’s meet here, will we?

B.What time?

A.Would twelve thirty be all right?

B.Yes, that’ll be fine.

4. Read the following dialogues and reproduce them.

1) P. – Pete, Â. – Bob

Ð.: Do you like autumn, Bob?

Â.: No, I don’t. It’s a dull season. The grass is yellow. The leaves fall down from the trees. It often rains. It’s often cold. 1 like winter and summer. In summer, the days are longer and warmer and the nights are shorter than in autumn.

P.: But I like autumn. I think it’s a beautiful season. I like to go to the forest in autumn. It’s so beautiful! You can see all the colours in the forest in autumn. The leaves are green, yellow, red, and brown. There are a lot of fruit and vegetables in autumn: apples, pears, plums, and grapes, carrots and cabbages, cucumbers, and tomatoes. I think it’s a very “tasty” season.

Â.: And what about spring? Do you like it?

P.: Oh, yes, 1 like it very much, too. It’s warm in spring. I think that all seasons are beautiful.

***

2) M. – Mary, J. – Jim

M : Do you think about our holidays, Jim? J : Of course, dear.

M : And you still want us to go abroad, don’t you? J: I suppose so.

M: Well, then, I met Jane today and she came up with a very good idea. Her husband is going to sell his scooter and buy a second-hand car, and she wants to know whether we’ll join them on a tour of the Continent. It is a marvellous idea, isn’t it?

J: I daresay it is.

M : They were thinking of driving to Moscow, via Poland. If we share the cost of petrol between the four of us, it won’t be too expensive, will it?

J : I shouldn’t think so.

M : Besides, we can take tents and camp. J : All right.

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M: We’ll be able to get visas and things quite easily, won’t we? J : I should think so.

M : We’ll have a wonderful time. And after all, it is very important to get to know other countries, isn’t it?

J: Of course.

GRAMMAR EXERCISES

Exercise 1. A. Change the the verbs in the following sentences from the Present Simple Tense to the Present Continuous Tense. Add a word or phrase like “now”, “today”, “at this moment”, “at present” to each sentence.

1. Richard walks to the Institute. 2. We live in that house. 3. My father works in the garden. 4. The train stops at the station. 5. The pencils lie on the table. 6. I play with my dog. 7. They help the manager with the contract.

B.Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: the Present Continuous Tense or the Present Simple Tense.

1. I (to read) books in the evening. 2. I (not to read) books in the morning. 3. I (to write) an exercise now. 4. I (not to write) a letter now. 5. They (to play) in the yard now. 6. They (not to play) in the street now. 7. They (to play) in the room now? 8. He (to help) his mother every day. 9. He (to help) his mother every day? 10. He (not to help) his mother every day. 11. You (to go) to school on Sunday? 12. My friend (not to like) to play football.

13.1(not to read) now. 14. He (to sleep) now? 15. We (not to go) to the country in winter. 16. My sister (to eat) sweets every day. 17. She (not to eat) sweets now. 18. They (to do) their homework in the afternoon. 19. They (not to go) for a walk in the evening. 20. My father (not to work) on Sunday. 21. He (to work) every day.

Exercise 2. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: the Present Continuous Tense or the Present Simple Tense.

A.1. They (to read) many books. 2. They (to read) many books? 3. They (not to read) many books. 4. The children (to eat) soup now. 5. The children (to eat) soup now? 6. The children (not to eat) soup now. 7. You (to play) volleyball well? 8. When you (to play) volleyball? 9. What Nick (to do) in the evening? 10. He (to go) to the cinema in the evening? 11. We (not to dance) every day. 12. Look! Kate (to dance). 13. Kate (to sing) well? 14. Where he (to go) in the morning? 15. He (not to sleep) after dinner. 16. My granny (to sleep) after dinner. 17. When you (to sleep)? 18. Nina (not to sleep) now. 19. Where John (to live)? – He (to live) in England.

B.1. I (to write) a composition now. 2. I (not to drink) milk now. 3. I (to go) for a walk after dinner. 4. I (not to go) to the theatre every Sunday. 5. He (not to read) now. 6. He (to play) now. 7. He (to play) now? 8. My mother (to work) at a factory. 9. My aunt (not to work) at a shop. 10. You

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(to work) at an office? 11. My friend (to live) in St. Petersburg. 12. My cousin (not to live) in Moscow. 13. The children (not to sleep) now. 14. The children (to play) in the yard every day. 15. They (not to go) to the stadium on Monday. 16. She (to read) in the evening. 17. She (not to read) in the morning. 18. She (not to read) now. 19. Your father (to work) at this factory? 20. You (to play) chess now? 21. Look at the sky: the clouds (to move) slowly, the sun (to appear) from behind the clouds, it (to get) warmer. 22. How is your brother? – He is not well yet, but his health (to improve) day after day. 23. Listen! Who (to play) the piano in the next room?

Exercise 3. Practise the following questions according to the model. Model: They don’t usually walk to work. – Then why are they walking

to work today?

1. He doesn’t usually write with his left hand. 2. He doesn’t usually have lunch alone. 3. She doesn’t usually stand by the window. 4. He doesn’t usually sit with his feet on his desk. 5. They don’t usually use a calculator. 6. We don’t usually leave early. 7. He doesn’t usually watch the clock. 8. They don’t usually type their letters.

Exercise 4. Apply either the Present Simple or the Present Continuous Tense:

1. Cuckoos (not to build) nests. They (to use) the nests of other birds. 2. You can’t see Tom now: he (to have) a bath. 3. He usually (to drink) coffee but today he (to drink) tea. 4. What she (to do) in the evenings? – She usually (to watch) TV. 5. I won’t go out now as it (to rain) and I (not to have) an umbrella. 6. The last train (to leave) the station at 11.30. 7. He usually (to speak) so quickly that I (not to understand) him. 8. Ann (to make) a dress for herself at the moment. She (to make) all her own clothes. 9. I (to wear) my sun-glasses today because the sun is very strong. 10. Tom can’t have the newspaper now because his aunt (to read) it. 11. I can’t answer the phone now because I (to paper) the sitting-room walls. 12. How you (to get) to work as a rule? – I usually (to go) by bus. 13. Why you (to put) on your coat? – I (to go) for a walk. 14. I always (to buy) lottery tickets but I never (to win) anything. 15. You always (to write) with your left hand? 16.1 always (to write) to him on his birthday. 17. Tom and Jack (to have) a long conversation. I wonder what they (to talk) about. 18. He never (to listen) to what you say. He always (to think) about something else. 19. Why you (to walk) so fast today? You usually (to walk) quite slowly. 20. You (to recognize) that man? – I (to think) that I have seen him before but I (not to remember) his name. 21. Stop! You (not to see) the notice? – I (to see) it but I can’t read it because I (not to wear) my glasses. What it (to say)? 22. She always (to borrow) money from me and never (to remember) to pay me back. 23. I (to think) it is a pity you don’t take more exercise. You (to get) fat. 24. Tom never (to do) any work in the garden.

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Exercise 5. Mix and match.

He put his pen and pencils ...			on a small table
There is a cat ... into the pencil-box
There is a TV set ... on the wall
There are green curtains ...			in the garden
There is a round table … in the garden
There are some pictures ...across the street
The children are playing ...			from the table
There are four chairs ... above the writing-desk
The children like to run ...			on the windows
The bus-stop is ...		out of your school bag
The bed is ...	to school
Take the book ... are running along the street
There is a lamp ...		on the roof of the house
The dog is ...	and took off his hat
Take the text-book ... and begin to read.				in the middle of the room
Ann is 8, she goes ... you cannot see anything through it
Cars and buses ...		in the corner of the room
The man entered the room ... round the table
When the mist is thick ... under the table
There is a comfortable arm-chair ... at the wall
There is a beautiful lake …			near the house

Exercise 6. Translate:

1. Пойдемте сегодня вечером в кино. 2. Давай поможем маме. 3. Дав˝айте отдохнем немного. 4. Давайте пообедаем в столовой.

Exercise 7. Fill in the blanks with the modal verbs “may” (“might”) or “to be allowed to”.

1. ... I bring my sister to the party? 2. He asked if he ... bring his sister to the party. 3. After they had finished their homework, the children ...

watch TV. 4. He ... join the sports section as soon as he is through with his medical examination. 5. Becky’s mother said that everybody ... take part in the picnic. 6. He ... go home if he likes. 7. As soon as the boy ... leave the room, he smiled a happy smile and ran out to join his friends outside. 8. The doctor says I am much better. I ... get up for a few hours every day.

Exercise 8. Fill in the blanks with “may” (“might”) or “can” (“could”).

1. ... I use your pen? 2. ... I find a pen on that table? 3. You ... read this book: you know the language well enough. 4. You ... take this book: I don’t need it. 5. ... I help you? 6. ... I ask you to help me? 7. ... you help me? 8.

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I ... not imagine her speaking in public: I knew that she was so shy. 9. Something was wrong with the car: he ... not start it. 10. A fool ... ask more questions than a wise man ... answer. 11. She asked me if she ... use my telephone. 12. The school was silent; nothing ... be heard in the long dark corridors. 13. Waiting ... be endless, you know. 14. ... you tell me the nearest way to the city museum? 15. They ... think that I am too weak to take part in the excursion, but I am strong enough to do any kind of hard work, indeed. 16. He knew this period of history very well; he had read everything on the subject he ... find in the rich university library.

ADDITIONAL READING

Camping as a Way of Spending Holidays

Camping is very popular among holiday makers and tourists all over the world. It requires only one investment, for the purchase of equipment, i.e. tent, sleeping bags, mattresses, cooking equipment and utensils. You can buy a cheap tent, but if you want more comfort you can buy a tent with two bedrooms, a kitchen and a sun awning where you can put table and chairs and do your cooking. You can brew excellent coffee or tea, grill a tasty steak, and drink cold drinks taken from a portable fridge.

You do not have to worry if there will be a spare hotel room in the town you plan to stay in. You do not eat cold breakfast and tip impolite waiters.

On the camping site you cook and eat what you like and when you want. You can use cold and hot water as modern camping sites are well equipped with all the comforts of the civilized world e.g. bathrooms, showers, kitchens. If you want entertainment you can spend an evening on a dance floor. You meet people who are relaxed and friendly. If the camping site is too crowded or noisy you start the engine and move on.

The low-cost camping gives you freedom and real rest. You get up earlier, go to bed earlier, develop a good appetite, and have a chance to see more interesting towns and places of interest. You can make fine trips to the interesting old castles, walk over the hills, swim in the clear waters of mountain lakes and rivers. You have time to admire nature and rest in an active way. This helps you to keep fit and be in good health. Children consider this way of spending holidays as something unusual – a great adventure. They learn how to set up and take down the tent, how to cook and discover the world around. For some weeks you and your family easily adopt yourself to a completely different way of living which gives you a sense of freedom and real enjoyment.

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